L A P O R A N R E S M I
L A P O R A N R E S M I
P R A K T I K U M K I M I A A N O R G A N I K 1
P R A K T I K U M K I M I A A N O R G A N I K 1
P E M U R N I A N B A H A N M E L A L U I
P E M U R N I A N B A H A N M E L A L U I
R E K R I S T A L I S A S I
R E K R I S T A L I S A S I
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L A B O R A T O R I U M K I M I A A N O R G A N I K
L A B O R A T O R I U M K I M I A A N O R G A N I K
F A K U L T A S M I P A
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U N I V E R S I T A S G A D J A H M A D A
U N I V E R S I T A S G A D J A H M A D A
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PEMURNIAN BAHAN MELALUI REKRISTALISASI
Ika Nurul Khotimah09/283533/PA/12594
INTISARI
'elah !ilakuka %er-o,aa .Pemuria aha Melalui ekristalisasi a( ,ertuua utuk mem%elaari salah satu meto!e %emuria aitu rekristalisasi !a %eera%aa %a!a %emuria (aram !a%ur Pemuria ii !ilakuka !e(a meto!e rekristalisasi melalui %e(ua%a !a %e(e!a%a Prisi% a( !i(uaka utuk meto!e %e(ua%a aitu %er,e!aa titik !i!ih %elarut a( le,ih ke-il !i,a!i( titik leleh %a!ata a( ,ertuua su%aa at a( !ilarutka ti!ak terurai )e!a(ka %a!a meto!e %e(e!a%a me((uaka %risi% %eam,aha io seeis a( me(aki,atka kelaruta semaki ke-il sehi((a mem,etuk e!a%a er!asarka hasil %er-o,aa !i!a%atka massa kristal (aram !a%ur muri melalui meto!e %e(ua%a se,esar 14*03 (ram !e(a re!eme se,esar 35*0&56 !a massa kristal (aram !a%ur muri melalui meto!e %e(e!a%a se,esar 11*85 (ram !e(a re!eme se,esar 29*7256
Kata ku-i : rekristalisasi %e(ua%a* rekristalisasi %e(e!a%a* (aram !a%ur* %emuria ,aha
P E M U R N I A N B A H A N M E L A L U I
R E K R I S T A L I S A S I
I. TUJUAN
Mem%elaari salah satu meto!e %emuria aitu rekristalisasi !a %eera%aa %a!a %emuria (aram !a%ur
II. DASAR TEORI
Kelarua! E!"a#a!
!a%a a!alah at a( memisahka !iri se,a(ai suatu ase %a!at keluar !ari laruta !a%a mu(ki ,eru%a kristal kristali; atau koloi!* !a !a%at !ikeluarka !ari laruta !e(a %eari(a atau %emusi(a -etriu(e; !a%a ter,etuk ika laruta mea!i terlalu euh !e(a at a( ,ersa(kuta Kelaruta suatu e!a%a* meurut !e<isi a!alah sama !e(a kosetrasi molar !ari laruta euha Kelaruta ,er(atu( %a!a ,er,a(ai ko!isi se%erti suhu* tekaa* kosetrasi ,aha=,aha lai !alam laruta itu* !a kom%osisi %elaruta )+ehla* 1990;
Proses %e(e!a%a sa(at erat kaitaa !e(a kelaruta e,era%a siat a( mem%e(aruhi kelaruta atara lai :
a 'em%eratur
Kelaruta ,ertam,ah !e(a aika tem%eratur Ka!a(kala e!a%a a( ,aik ter,etuk %a!a laruta %aas* teta%i a(a melakuka %eari(a terha!a% laruta %aas karea %e(e!a%a !i%e(aruhi aktor tem%eratur
, )iat %elarut
>aram=(aram aor(aik le,ih larut !alam air erkura(a kelaruta !i !alam %elarut or(aik !a%at !i(uaka se,a(ai !asar %emisaha !ua at
- ek io seeis
Kelaruta e!a%a !alam air ,erkura( ika laruta terse,ut me(a!u( satu !ari io=io %eusu e!a%a karea %em,atasa K s% Katio mau%u aio a( !itam,ahka aka me(ura(i kosetrasi io %eusu e!a%a sehi((a e!a%a (aram ,ertam,ah
Pa!a aalisis kualitati* io seeis ii !i(uaka utuk me-u-i laruta selama %eari(a
! ek io=io lai
e,era%a e!a%a ,ertam,ah kelarutaa ,ila !alam laruta ter!a%at (aram=(aram a( ,er,e!a !e(a e!a%a $al ii !ise,ut se,a(ai eek (aram etral atau eek akti+itas
e Pe(aruh %$
Kelaruta (aram !ari asam lemah ,er(atu( !ari %$ laruta* misal io $? ,ereaksi !e(a io @
2O42= mem,etuk $2@2O4* sehi((a meam,ah
kelaruta (arama Pe(aruh hi!rolisis
Jika (aram !ari asam lemah !ilarutka !alam air* aka me(hasilka %eru,aha $?B Ktio !ari s%esies (aram me(alami hi!rolisis sehi((a
meam,ah kelarutaa ( Pe(aruh kom%leks
Kelaruta (aram a( se!ikit larut meru%aka u(si kosetrasi at lai a( mem,etuk kom%leks !e(a katio (aram terse,ut Kho%kar* 1990;
Gara$ Da#ur Aau Na%l
Natrium klori!a a!alah (aram !a%ur a( meru%aka suatu sea#a !alam ,etuk io Jika kristal (aram !a%ur !ita,urka !i atas se%oto( kertas !a kemu!ia !ilihat melalui ka-a %em,esar* aka terlihat ,ah#a atrium klori!a meru%aka kristal a( ,er#ara %utih Kristal ii setelah !i(erus ,ersiat ra%uh !a mu!ah %e-ah ika !i,a!i(ka !e(a ,u,uk Ju(a !ikeal ,ah#a atrium klori!a mu!ah larut !alam air !a me-air %a!a tem%eratur ti((i Na@l meleleh %a!a tem%eratur 800o@ !a me!i!ih %a!a
tem%eratur le,ih ti((i !ari 1400o@ ra!* 1999; >aram atrium klori!a
utuk ke%erlua memasak ,iasaa !i%erkaa !e(a usur io!i !e(a meam,ahka 5 (ram NaI %er k( Na@l;* ,erasa asi* ti!ak hi(rosko%is* ,ila me(a!u( M(@l2 mea!i ,erasa a(ak %ahit !a hi(rosko%is "i(uaka
terutama se,a(ai ,um,u %eti( utuk makaa* se,a(ai at %e(a#et* ,aha ,aku %em,uata Na !a NaO$* ,aha utuk %em,uata keramik* ka-a* !a %u%uk Maa* 2009;
Caruta !i,a(i mea!i !ua ,a(ia utuk rekristalisasi 80 (ram (aram !a%ur
"ia!uk "i%aaska hi((a me!i!ih
"i%aaska hi((a me!i!ih "iisi 250 mC akua!es
>elas ,eker !itim,a(
)atu ,a(ia laruta (aram !a%ur
1 (ram @aO
"itam,ahka laruta aO$;2 e-er ,ertetes=tetes sam%ai tetes terakhir ti!ak t
"isari( !a <ltrata !ietralka !e(a laruta $@l e-erCaruta 30 (ram %er liter N$4;2@O3 ekristalisasi !i(uaka utuk memisahka !ua -am%ura sea#a atas !asar %er,e!aa kelaruta %a!a suhu a( ,er,e!a Pertama* laruta !i%aaska terle,ih !ahulu sam%ai me!i!ih Kemu!ia laruta !isari( !e(a %eari( u-her !alam kea!aa %aas Kemu!ia <ltrat !i!i(ika sam%ai ter,etuk e!a%a !i !asar ta,u( erlemeer; )etelah ter,etuk e!a%a* e!a%a !a%at !i%isahka !e(a -ara !isari( me((uaka kertas sari( )elauta e!a%a !a%at !ikeri(ka me((uaka o+e Khami!ial* 2009;
III. ALAT DAN BAHAN III.1. ALAT
Alat=alat a( !i(uaka !alam %er-o,aa a!alah 1 set tim,a(a* 1 ,uah (elas ,eker 250 mC* 1 ,uah (elas ukur 50 mC* 1 set %emaas listrik* 1 ,uah -oro( (elas* !a 1 ,uah %e(a!uk (elas
III.2.BAHAN
aha=,aha a( !i(uaka !alam %er-o,aa ii a!alah krsital (aram !a%ur %asara 80 (ram* ser,uk ka%ur @aO; 1 (ram* laruta aO$;2 e-er se-uku%a* laruta N$4;2@O3 se-uku%a* laruta $@l
e-er se-uku%a* asam sulat %ekat* kertas sari(* !a akua!es 150 mC
IV. %ARA KERJA Perla&ua! A)al
"iua%ka sam%ai keri( Kristal !itim,a(
euhka !e(a (as $@l ( !i,uat !( -ara mereaksika (aram !a%ur !( $2)O4 %ekatPeam,aha (as !ihetika setelah %eam,aha (elem,u( (as terakhir ti!ak tera!i
Kristal !itim,a( !a !ihitu( re!emea* !iamati !a !i,a!i(ka !e(a me Re&r'(al'(a(' Melalu' Pe!*e!"a#a!
V. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN V.1. HASIL PER%OBAAN
>aram "a%ur ekristalisasi Pe(ua%a
ekristalisasi Pe(e!a%a
erat 14*03 (ram 11*85 (ram
e!eme 35*0&56 29*7256
V.2. PEMBAHASAN
Per-o,aa .Pemuria aha Melalui ekristalisasi ii ,ertuua utuk mem%elaari salah satu meto!e %emuria aitu rekristalisasi !a %eera%aa %a!a %emuria (aram !a%ur Pemisaha e!a%a !ari laruta ti!ak selalu me(hasilka at muri Kotamiasi e!a%a oleh at lai a( larut !alam %elarut !ise,ut ko%resi%itasi $al ii ,erhu,u(a !e(a a!sor%si %a!a %ermukaa %artikel !a ter%era(ka%a oklusi; at asi( selama %roses %ertum,uha kristal !ari %artikel %rimera e(itu %ula %a!a %roses %em,uata (aram !a%ur a( mu(ki masih ,aak me(a!u( %e(otor Pe(otor= %e(otor terse,ut ,iasaa ,erasal !ari io=io @a2?* M(2?* Al3?* De3?* )O42=* I !a r )ehi((a %erlu !ilakuka %emuria utuk me(hila(ka %e(otor=%e(otor terse,ut !ari (aram !a%ur "ua
meto!e %emuria a( !ilakuka !alam %er-o,aa ii a!alah rekristalisasi %e(ua%a !a rekristalisasi %e(e!a%a
a+ Perla&ua! A)al
Perlakua a#al (aram !a%ur !ilakuka utuk melarutka (aram !a%ur utuk kemu!ia !imurika %a!a taha% selauta Perlakua a#al ii u(a !ilakuka utuk me(hila(ka se,a(ia %e(otor (aram !a%ur a( !a%at terlihat se-ara kasat mata terlihat keruh ke-oklata ika !ilarutka; Pe(otor ii !i%isahka ,er!asarka %er,e!aa kelaruta Kelaruta mei(kat ketika !alam suhu a( le,ih ti((i karea io=ioa semaki !a%at ,er(erak !e(a ,e,as* sehi((a ketika !alam suhu ti((i (aram !a%ur !a%at melarut !e(a sem%ura amu %e(otora ti!ak larut Oleh karea itu !a%at !i%isahka !e(a %eari(a ketika masih !alam kea!aa %aas Caruta a( telah !i%isahka !e(a se,a(ia %e(otora kemu!ia !imurika le,ih laut !e(a 2 meto!e* rekristalisasi %e(ua%a !a rekristalisasi %e(e!a%a
,+ Re&r'(al'(a(' Melalu' Pe!*ua#a!
Prisi% a( !i(uaka !alam meto!e rekristalisasi %e(ua%a aitu %er,e!aa titik !i!ih %elarut a( le,ih ke-il !i,a!i( titik leleh %a!ata a( ,ertuua su%aa at a( !ilarutka ti!ak terurai "imaa %elarut a( !i(uaka a!alah air a( memiliki titik !i!ih 100o@* se!a(ka (aram !a%ur Na@l; memiliki titik leleh !iatas 800o@
)ehi((a ketika !ilakuka %e(ua%a* ti!ak aka tera!i kehila(a Na@l (aram !a%ur; )e,elum !ilakuka %e(ua%a* mula=mula se,a(ia %e(otor a( masih terikat !alam laruta (aram !a%ur !ihila(ka terle,ih !ahulu !e(a -ara %e(e!a%a Pe(e!a%a ii !ilakuka !e(a %eam,aha ,e,era%a sea#a kimia aitu* kristal @aO* laruta aO$;2* !a laruta N$4;2@O3
)ea#a @aO aka terurai mea!i @a2? !a O2= )ehi((a io @a2?
aka ,ereaksi !e(a io=io %e(otor a( a!a %a!a (aram !a%ur* se%erti io )O42=
@aOs; @a
2?
aE; ? O2=aE;
@a2?
aE; ? )O42=aE; @a)O4s;
eaksi terse,ut aka meim,ulka e!a%a %utih* @a)O4 me(e!a%
karea memiliki K s% F 2*3 G 10=4 ra!* 1999; Namu sea#a ii
)e!a(ka laruta aO$;2 aka terurai mea!i a2? !a O$= a(
kemu!ia io O$= aka ,ereaksi !e(a io M(2?* Al3?* !a De3?
aO$;2aE; a
2?
aE; ? 2O$=aE;
M(2?
aE; ? 2O$=aE; M(O$;2s; K s% F &*1 G 10
=12;
Al3?
aE; ? 3O$=aE; AlO$;3s; K s% F 2 G 10
=22;
De3?
aE; ? 3O$=aE; DeO$;3s; K s% F 1*1 G 10
=34; ra!*
1999;
!a%a %utih ma(esium hi!roksi!a a( ter,etuk* tak larut !alam rea(esia ,erle,iha Namu e!a%a %utih alumuium hi!roksi!a
!a%at melarut !alam rea(esia ,erle,ih* !imaa io=io
tetrahi!roksisoalumiat ter,etuk* AlO$;4B= )e!a(ka e!a%a
DeO$;3 ke-il kemu(kia utuk ter,etuk karea se,a(ia ,esar
e!a%a a( !ihasilka a!alah ,er#ara %utih* se!a(ka DeO$;3
a!alah ,er#ara -oklat kemeraha "isam%i( itu* io a2? u(a !a%at
,ereaksi !e(a io )O42= mem,etuk e!a%a a)O4
a2? ? )O
42= a)O4s; K s% F 1*5 G 10
=9; ra!*
1999;
Kemu!ia laruta N$4;2@O3 aka terurai mea!i N$4? !a @O32=
a( kemu!ia io @O32= aka ,ereaksi !e(a io=io se%erti a2? !ari
hasil %e(uraia aO$;2* io M(2? !a @a2?
N$4;2@O3 2N$4 ? ? @O 32= @a2? ? @O 32= @a@O3s; K s% F 9 G 10 =9; M(2? ? @O 32= M(@O3s; K s% F 3*5 G 10 =8; a2? ? @O 32= a@O3s; K s% F 8*9 G 10 =9; ra!* 1999;
Ja!i se-ara keseluruha* e!a%a a( mu(ki ter,etuk a!alah @a)O4* M(O$;2* AlO$;3* DeO$;3* a)O4* @a@O3* M(@O3* !a a@O3
!a%a=e!a%a a( meru%aka %e(otor terse,ut kemu!ia !i%isahka !ari laruta (aram !a%ur !e(a -ara %eari(a !e(a kertas sari( Diltrat (aram !a%ur a( su!ah le,ih muri kemu!ia aka !iua%ka utuk !i%isahka !ari %elaruta utuk me!a%atka
kristal (aram !a%ur Namu oleh karea a!aa io N$4? !alam laruta
a( mee,a,ka laruta ,ersiat ,asa* maka laruta !ietralka terle,ih !ahulu !e(a laruta $@l e-er Pe(hetia %eam,aha laruta $@l a!alah ketika kertas lakmus merah a( !iteteska laruta ti!ak la(i ,eru,ah mea!i #ara ,iru teta% ,er#ara merah;* a( artia laruta telah ti!ak la(i ,ersiat ,asa etral;
Pa!a %e(ua%a laruta (aram !a%ur ii* %erlu !ilakuka %e(a!uka se-ara terus=meerus $al ii !ikareaka ika %elaruta mulai ,erkura( maka laruta (aram !a%ur aka semaki %ekat !a
kristal (aram !a%ur aka mulai ter,etuk* sehi((a kristal terse,ut aka meletu% ika terkea %aas Pe(a!uka !ilakuka utuk me(ura(i letu%a a( tera!i Pem,etuka kristal (aram !a%ur ii !i%er-e%at !e(a %e!i(ia Kristal a( ter,etuk kemu!ia !isari( !e(a me((uaka %eari( u-her Kristal mu(ki masih me(a!u( air aki,at a!sor%si* oklusi* %eera%a !a hi!rasi )ehi((a %erlu !ilakuka %emaasa !i !alam o+e a(ar kristal a( !i!a%atka le,ih keri(
Kristal (aram !a%ur a( !i!a%atka setelah !ilakuka rekristalisasi %e(ua%a le,ih %utih !ari%a!a a#ala* sehi((a !a%at !isim%ulka ,ah#a kristal (aram !a%ur terse,ut le,ih muri !ari a#ala erat kristal (aram !a%ur setelah %erlakua a!alah se,esar 14*03 (ram !a re!emea se,esar 35*0&56 $asil a( ke-il terse,ut !imu(kika karea %e(ua%a ti!ak !ilakuka sam%ai keri( %elarut ,ear=,ear ha,is; sehi((a kemu(kia masih a!a io Na? !a @l= !alam <ltrat a( !a%at mem,etuk kristal Na@l atau kura( lamaa %roses %e!i(ia
-+ Re&r'(al'(a(' Melalu' Pe!*e!"a#a!
Prisi% a( !i(uaka %a!a meto!e rekristalisasi %e(e!a%a a!alah %eam,aha io seeis a( me(aki,atka kelaruta semaki ke-il sehi((a mem,etuk e!a%a Peam,aha io seeis ii ,erasal !ari (as hi!ro(e a( ter,etuk !ari hasil reaksi atara (aram !a%ur !e(a asam sulat %ekat >as $@l a( ter,etuk kemu!ia !ialirka ke !alam laruta (aram !a%ur !e(a me((uaka sela(
2Na@ls; ? $2)O4aE; 2$@l(; ? Na2)O4aE;
Proses rekristalisasi %e(e!a%a ii ,erhu,u(a !e(a %er(esera kesetim,a(a "imaa aas Ce @hatelier meataka ,ila %a!a sistem kesetim,a(a !ia!aka aksi* maka sistem aka me(a!aka reaksi se!emikia ru%a sehi((a %e(aruh aksi itu mea!i seke-il=ke-ila Peru,aha !ari kea!aa kesetim,a(a semula ke kea!aa kesetim,a(a a( ,aru aki,at a!aa aksi atau %e(aruh !ari luar itu !ikeal !e(a %er(esera kesetim,a(a A%a,ila !alam sistem kesetim,a(a homo(e* kosetrasi salah satu at !i%er,esar* maka kesetim,a(a aka ,er(eser ke arah a( ,erla#aa !ari at
terse,ut )e,alika* ika kosetrasi salah satu at !i%erke-il* maka kesetim,a(a aka ,er(eser ke %ihak at terse,ut
Na@ls; Na
?
aE; ? @l=aE;
Jika %a!a sistem ii !itam,ahka (as $@l* maka kosetrasi io @l= aka
,ertam,ah aki,at %eam,aha io seeis Oleh karea itu* kesetim,a(a aka ,er(eser ke arah kiri atau kearah %em,etuka kristal Na@l
Meto!e rekristalisasi %e(e!a%a ii auh le,ih -e%at !a le,ih se!erhaa !i,a!i(ka !e(a meto!e rekristalisasi %e(ua%a Namu* ,erat hasil kristal (aram !a%ur muri a( !i!a%atka auh le,ih ke-il !ari%a!a melalui %roses rekristalisasi %e(ua%a aitu 11*85 (ram atau se,esar 29*7256 !ari ,erat a#al (aram !a%ur $al ii !imu(kika karea kura( maksimala %em,etuka kristal (aram !a%ur muri* %e(alira (as $@l a( kura( lama Namu melalui meto!e rekristalisasi %e(e!a%a* kristal (aram !a%ur a( !ihasilka aka le,ih muri !i,a!i(ka !e(a kristal (aram !a%ur a( !ihasilka melalui rekristalisasi %e(ua%a $al ii !ise,a,ka karea kristal (aram !a%ur melalui meto!e rekristalisasi %e(e!a%a ti!ak terkotamiasi oleh at=at %e(otor se%erti a2?*@a2?* !ll;* karea
%e(otor H %e(otor terse,ut ti!ak tere!a%ka atau masih !alam ,etuk io ioa )e!a(ka %a!a meto!e rekristalisasi %e(ua%a !imu(kika kristal (aram !a%ur masih me(a!u( %e(otor hasil %e(e!a%a !e(a ,e,era%a sea#a kimia lai a( ti!ak sem%at tersari( oleh kertas sari( sehi((a ikut me(kristal
VI. KESIMPULAN
Pemuria (aram !a%ur !a%at !ilakuka !e(a meto!e rekristalisasi melalui %e(ua%a !a %e(e!a%a Prisi% a( !i(uaka utuk meto!e %e(ua%a aitu %er,e!aa titik !i!ih %elarut a( le,ih ke-il !i,a!i( titik leleh %a!ata a( ,ertuua su%aa at a( !ilarutka ti!ak terurai )e!a(ka %a!a meto!e %e(e!a%a me((uaka %risi% %eam,aha io seeis a( me(aki,atka kelaruta semaki ke-il sehi((a mem,etuk e!a%a er!asarka hasil %er-o,aa !i!a%atka massa kristal (aram !a%ur muri melalui meto!e %e(ua%a se,esar 14*03 (ram !e(a
re!eme se,esar 35*0&56 !a massa kristal (aram !a%ur muri melalui meto!e %e(e!a%a se,esar 11*85 (ram !e(a re!eme se,esar 29*7256
VII. DAFTAR PUSTAKA
ra!* James * 1999* Kimia Universitas Asas & Struktur * Jili! 1* !isi Kelima* iaru%a Aksara* Jakarta* hal 143
Khami!ial* 2009* Teknik Laboratorium Kimia* Pustaka Pelaar* o(akarta* hal 13&=138
Kho%kar* )M* 1990* Konsep Dasar Kimia Analitik * @etaka Pertama* I=Press*
Jakarta* hal 73=74
Maa* Muloo $ A,!ul* 2009* Kamus Kimia* @etaka Keem%at* P' umi
Aksara* Jakarta* hal 142
Svehla* >* 1990* Vogel Buku Teks Analisis Kualitatif Makro dan Semimikro* a(ia I* @etaka Ke!ua* P' Kalma Me!ia Pusaka* Jakarta* hal &2
VIII. LAMPIRAN = Ca%ora )emetara = Perhitu(a Me(etahui* o(akarta* 22 No+em,er 2011 Asiste Praktika*
A!hi "#i $atmato Ika Nurul
PERHITUNGAN
Massa Na@l a#al : 80 (ram
Re&r'(al'(a(' Melalu' Pe!*ua#a!
Massa Na@l akhir : 14*03 (ram
e!eme :
2 x massa NaCl akhir
massa NaCl awal x100
:
2 x14,03gram 80gram x
100
: 35*0&56
Re&r'(al'(a(' Melalu' Pe!*ua#a!
Massa Na@l akhir : 11*85 (ram
e!eme :
2 x massa NaCl akhir
massa NaCl awal x100
:
2 x11,85gram
80gram x100