Respon Imun Terhadap Bakteri, Virus Dan Jamur: Fika Arlica Hadi Fira Cecylia Siti Nurhidayatul

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RESPON IMUN

TERHAD

TERHADAP BAK

AP BAKTERI,

TERI,

VIRUS DAN JAMUR

1.

1. FIKA ARLICA HADI

FIKA ARLICA HADI

2.

2. FIRA CECYLIA

FIRA CECYLIA

3.

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BAKTERI

IMUNOLOGI

BAKTERI

EKSTRASELULAR

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IMUNOLOGI bakteri EKTRASELULAR



_{Bakteri ekstrase!ar "a#at $i"!# "a% &erke'&a%( &iak "i !ar se}

#e)a'! 'isaka% "aa' sirk!asi* )ari%(a% ikat r+%((a )ari%(a% se#erti

!'e% sa!ra% %a#as "a% sa!ra% ,er%a. Ba%-ak "ia%tara%-a 'er!#aka%

&akteri #at+(e%ik. e%-akit -a%( ti'&! &akteri ekstrase!ar "a#at

&er!#a i%/a'asi -a%( 'e%i'&!ka% "estr!ksi )ari%(a% "i te'#at

i%/eksi "e%(a% 'e'&e%t!k i%/eksi 0 %a%a$ s!#!rati/.



_{I'!%++(i ekstrase!ar ter"iri "ari 2 &a(ia%* -ait! }

a. I'!%itas %+% s#esi/ik

K+'#+%e% i'!%itas %+% s#esi/ik !ta'a ter$a"a# &akteri

ekstrase!ar a"aa$ k+'#e'e%* /a(+sit+sis "a% res#+%s i%/a'asi.

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IMUNITAS SPESIFIK

A. HUMORAL

A%ti&+"i 'er!#aka% k+'#+%e% i'!% #r+tekti/ !ta'a ter$a"a# &akteri ekstrase!ar -a%( &er/!%(si !%t!k 'e%-i%(kirka% 'ikr+&a "a% 'e%etraka% t+ksi%%-a 'ea!i

&er&a(ai 'eka%is'e.

K+'#ikasi a'&at res#+%s i'!% $!'+ra "a#at &er!#a #e%-akit -a%( "iti'&!ka% a%ti&+"i. ,+%t+$%-a 

. _{i%/eksi stre#t+k+k "i te%((+r+ka% ata! k!it -a%( 'e%i'&!ka% 'a%i/estasi} #e%-akit &e&era#a 'i%((!  &!a% setea$ i%/eksi terk+%tr+.

. _{De'a' re!'a -a%( 'er!#aka% sek!ea i%/eksi /ari%( +e$ &e&era#a stre#t+k+k} $e'+itik  .

. _{G+'er!+%e/ritis #as,a i%/eksi stre#t+k+k 'er!#aka% sek!ea i%/eksi stre#t+k+k} "i k!iat ata! te%((+r+k +e$ ser+ti#e stre#t+k+k 4  -a%( ai%.

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IMUNITAS SPESIFIK

 _SITOKIN

Res#+%s !ta'a #e)a'! ter$a"a# &akteri ektrase!ar a"aa$ #r+"!ksi sit+ki% +e$ 'akr+/a( -a%( "iakti/ka% -a%( 'e%i'&!ka% i%/a'asi "a% s-+k se#tik. T+ksi% se#erti s!#era%ti(e% 'a'#! 'e%(akti/ka% &a%-ak se T se$i%((a 'e%i'&!ka% #r+"!ksi sit+ki% "aa' )!'a$ &esar "a% keai%a% ki%ik+#at++(i se#erti -a%( ter)a"i #a"a s-+k se#tik.

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I'!%++(i &akteri i%trase!ar



_{Ciri utama bakteri intraselular adalah kemampuan untuk}

hidup bahkan berkembang biak di dalam fagsit! Mikrba

tersebut mendapat tempat tersembun"i "ang tidak dapat

ditemukan leh antibdi dalam sirkulasi# sehingga

eliminasin"a memerlukam mekanisme imun selular!



_{Imunlgi bakteri intraselular terdiri dari $ bagian# "aitu %}

a! Imunitas nn spesifik

b! Imunitas spesifik

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IMUNITAS NON SPESIFIK



_{E/ekt+r i'!%itas %+%s#esi/ik !ta'a ter$a"a# &akteri i%trase!ar}

a"aa$ /a(+sit "a% se NK.



_{Fa(+sit 'e%ea% "a% 'e%,+&a 'e%($a%,!rka% 'ikr+&a terse&!t*}

%a'!% 'ik+r&a "a#at resiste% ter$a"a# e/ek "e(ra"asi /a(+sit.



_{Bakteri i%trase!ar "a#at 'e%(akti/ka% se NK se,ara "irek ata!}

'ea!i akti5asi 'akr+/a( -a%( 'e'#r+"!ksi IL  12* sit+ki% #+te%

-a%( 'e%(akti/ka% se NK.



_{Se NK 'e'#r+"!ksi IFN  6 -a%( ke'&ai 'e%(akti/ka% 'akr+/a(}

"a% 'e%i%(katka% "a-a 'e'&!%!$ &akteri "a% 'e'aka% &akteri.



_{Se NK 'e'&erika% res#+%s "i%i* "a% ter)a"i i%teraksi a%tara se NK}

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IMUNITAS SPESIFIK

 _{r+teksi !ta'a res#+%s i'!% s#esi/ik ter$a"a# &akteri i%trase!ar &er!#a}

i'!%itas se!ar.

 _{I'!%itas se!ar ter"iri "ari 2 ti#e reaksi* -ait! }

a. Se CD78 T$1 -a%( 'e%(akti/ka% 'akr+/a( -a%( 'e'#r+"!ksi IFN  6. &. Se CD98 'e'a,! #e'&!%!$a% 'ikr+&a serta isis se teri%/eksi.

 _{Makr+/a( -a%( "iakti/ka% "a#at #!a 'e'&e%t!k (ra%!+'a "a%}

'e%i'&!ka% ker!saka% )ari%(a%.

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STRATEGI BAKTERI INTRASELULAR

INFEKSI PATOGENESIS PERTAHANAN UMUM K. "i/teri Fari%(itis %+%i%5asi/ t+ksi% I'!%+(+&!i% -a%( 'e%etraisasi :. K+era E%teritis %+%i%5asi/ t+ksi% I'!%+(+&!i% -a%( 'e%etraisasi ;

'e%,e(a$ a"$esi. N. Me%i%(iti"is Nas+/ari%(

• Baktere'i • Me%i%(itis

O#s+%isasi "a% "i&!%!$ +e$ i'!%+(+&!i% "a% C itik. S. A!re!s I%5asi/ +ka "a% t+ksik "i

k!it

O#s+%isasi +e$ i'!%+(+&!i% "a% C* "i&!%!$ +e$ /a(+sit.

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MEKANISME MENGHINDARI

EFEKTOR IMUN

CONTOH

BAKTERI EKTRASELULAR

• :ariasi (e%etik

• e%,e(a$a% akti5asi k+'#e'e% • Resiste%si ter$a"a# /a(+sit • ROI

N. G+%+rea* E.k+i* S.ti/i Ba%-ak &akteri

%e!'+k+k

Sta/i+k+k kataase #+siti/ BAKTERI INTRASELULAR

• Me%,e(a$ #e'&e%t!ka% /a(+s+' • ROI

• Me'&ra% /a(+s+' r!sak* 'as!k ke"aa'

sit+#as'a

M.T!&erk!+sis L.%e!'+/iia M.Le#ra

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VIRUS

Respon imun terh!p

"irus

IMUNITAS NONSPESIFIK &UMO'A( )AN SE(U(A' IMUNITAS SPESIFIK

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IMUNITAS NONSPESIFIK HUMORAL DAN SELULAR

 _{ri%si# 'eka%is'e i'!%itas %+%s#esi/ik ter$a"a# 5ir!s a"aa$ 'e%,e(a$}

i%/eksi. E/ekt+r -a%( &er#era% a"aa$ IFN ti#e 1 "a% se NK -a%( 'e'&!%!$ se teri%/eksi.

 _{I%/eksi &a%-ak 5ir!s "isertai #r+"!ksi RNA -a%( 'era%(sa%( se teri%/eksi}

!%t!k sekresi IFN ti#e 1. IFN ti#e 1 'e%,e(a$ re#ikasi 5ir!s "aa' se teri%/eksi "a% se sekitar%-a -a%( 'e%(i%"!ksi i%(k!%(a% a%ti 5ira. IFN  > "a% IFN  'e%,e(a$ re#ikasi 5ir!s "aa' se teri%/eksi.

 _{Se NK 'e'&!%!$ se -a%( teri%/eksi +e$ &er&a(ai )e%is 5ir!s "a%}

'er!#aka% e/ekt+r i'!%itas #e%ti%( ter$a"a# i%/eksi "i%i 5ir!s* se&e!' res#+%s i'!% s#esi/ik &eker)a.

 _{Se NK 'e%(e%a se teri%/eksi -a%( ti"ak 'e%(eks#resika% MHC  I.}

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IMUNITAS SPESIFIK



_H!'+ra

Res#+%s i'!% ter$a"a# 5ir!s ter(a%t!%( "ari +kasi 5ir!s "aa' #e)a'!.

A%ti&+"i "i#r+"!ksi "a% $a%-a e/ekti/ ter$a"a# 5ir!s "aa' /ase

ektrase!ar. :ir!s "a#at "ite'!ka% ekstrase!ar #a"a a?a i%/eksi

se&e!' 5ir!s 'as!k ke "aa' se ata! &ia "ie#as +e$ se teri%/eksi

-a%( "i$a%,!rka%.

A%ti&+"i "a#at 'e%etraka% 5ir!s* 'e%,e(a$ 5ir!s 'e%e'#e #a"a se "a%

'as!k ke "aa' se #e)a'!. A%ti&+"i "a#at &er#era% se&a(ai +#s+%i%

-a%( 'e%i%(katka% ei'i%asi #ratike 5ir!s +e$ /a(+sit. Akti5asi

k+'#e'e% ik!t &er#era% "aa' 'e%i%(katka% /a(+sit+sis "a%

'e%($a%,!rka% 5ir!s "e%(a% e%5e+# i#i" se,ara a%(s!%(.

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 _SELULAR

:ir!s -a%( &er$asi 'as!k ke "aa' se ti"ak a(i re%ta% ter$a"a# e/ek a%ti&+"i. Res#+%s i'!% ter$a"a# 5ir!s i%trase!ar ter(a%t!%( "ari se CD98 -a%( 'e'&!%!$ se teri%/eksi.

F!%(si !ta'a CD98 a"aa$ #e'a%ta!a% ter$a"a# i%/eksi 5ir!s. U%t!k "e/ere%siasi #e%!$* CD98 'e'er!ka% sit+ki% -a%( "i#r+"!ksi +e$ CD78 T$ "a% k+%sti'!at+r -a%( "ieks#resika% #a"a se teri%/eksi. Bia se teri%/eksi a"aa$ se )ari%(a%* 'aka se )ari%(a% "a#at "i'aka% +e$ AC #r+/esi+%a -a%( sea%)!t%-a 'e'#r+ses a%ti(e% 5ir!s "a% 'e'#rese%tasika% &ersa'a '+ek! MHC  1 ke se CD98.

Se -a%( ak$ir aka% &er#r+i/erasi se,ara 'asi/ -a%( ke&a%-aka% 'er!#aka% se s#esi/ik !%t!k &e&era#a #e#ti"a 5ir!s

Se CD98 -a%( "iakti/ka% &er"i/ere%siasi 'e%)a"i se CTL e/ekt+r -a%( "a#at 'e'&!%!$ setia# se &er%!ke!s -a%( teri%/eksi.

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INFLAMASI PADA INFEKSI BEBERAPA

JENIS VIRUS

 _{I%/a'asi #a"a i%/eksi &e&era#a )e%is 5ir!s* -ait! }

a. :ir!s $er#es &. :ir!s i%/!e%@a

 _{at+(e% '!tak$ir}

A"aa$ e'er(i%( #at$+(e% -a%( seri%( "ia#+rka% kare%a ter)a"i 'e%"a"ak "a 'e%i'&!ka% "a'#ak ek+%+'i "a% s+sia -a%( &esar. C+%t+$ 

a. HI: C. :ir!s est Nie &. :ir!s e&+a ". SARS

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JAMUR



_{IMUNITAS NON SESIFIK}

Sa?ar /isik k!it "a% 'e'&ra% '!k+sa* /akt+r ki'ia?i "aa'

ser!' "a% sekresi k!it &er#era% "aa' i'!%itas

%+%s#esi/ik. E/ekt+r !ta'a%-a a"aa$ %e!tr+/i "a%

'akr+/a(. Ne!tr+/i 'ee#as &a$a% /!%(isi"a se#erti ROI

"a% e%@i' is+s+' serta 'e'aka% )a'!r !%t!k "i&!%!$

i%trase!ar.

Ga!r 5ir!e% se#erti Kri#t+k+k %e+/+r'a%s 'e%($a'&at

#r+"!ksi sit+ki% INF "a% IL  12 +e$ 'akr+/a( "a%

'era%(sa%( #r+"!ksi IL  1 -a%( 'e%($a'&at akti5asi

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IMUNITAS SPESIFIK



_{I'!%itas s#esi/ik k!ra%( e/ekti/* ti"ak 'a'#! 'e'&atasi}

#ert!'&!$a% )a'!r #at+(e%. E/ekt+r !ta'a%-a a"aa$ CMI.



_{Hist+#as'a ka#s!at!' * #arasit i%trase!ar /ak!tati/ $i"!# "aa'}

'akr+/a( "a% "iee'i%asi +e$ e/ekt+r se!ar sa'a -a%( e/ekti/

ter$a"a# &akteri i%trase!ar. CD78 "a% CD98 &eker)a sa'a !%t!k

'e%-i%(kirka% &e%t!k K.%e+/+r'a%s -a%( ,e%"er!%( 'e%(k++%isasi

#ar! "a% +tak #a"a #e)a'! i'!%+k+'#r+'ais.



_{I%/eksi ka%"i"a seri%( &era?a #a"a #er'!kaa% '!k+sa "a% CMI}

"i"!(a "a#at 'e%,e(a$ #e%-e&ara%%-a ke )ari%(a%.



_{I%/a'asi (ra%!+'a "a#at 'e%i'&!ka% ker!saka% #e)a'! se#erti}

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PENYAKIT JAMUR

INFEKSI MANIFESTASI KLINIS SUPERVISIAL T!'ubrum C!Albikans 'ing*rm Kaki atlet +ul,,aginitis Oral thrush SUBKUTAN

S!s-henskii Tukak# abses

SISTEMIK &! Kapsulatum C! Albikans C! nefrmans Infeksi paru Esfagisitis meningitis

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