(7) Moral.pptx 77KB Apr 25 2011 02:06:58 AM

Moral Sangat Dekat Dengan:



Disiplin



Pelanggaran



Karakter (moral)



Act out of control



Pendidikan

Moral Growth as a Developmental Process:

 Piaget: stages of cognitive development,  Erikson: stages of personal development,

 Kohlberg: stages of moral development; diturunkan dari

sistem berpikir, krn respon terhadap pertanyaan2 moral tergantung pada latar belakang dan umur.

4 komponen:

 Qualitatively different

 Comprehensive system of mental  invariant sequence

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Growth

Basis of Judgment

Stages of Development

Preconventional morality: moral values residing external, quasi-physical

happenings, in bad acts, or in quasi-physical needs rather than in persons and standards

Stage 1:

 Obedience and punishment

orientation.

 _{Obedience and moral decisions are}

based on very simple physical and

material power. "Big fish eat little fish", “Might makes right”, “The survival of the fit test”.

 Egocentric difference to superior power

or prestige, or a trouble-avoiding set.

 _{Behavior is based on the desire to avoid}

severe physical punishment by a superior power.

Stage 2:

 _{Naively egoistic orientation; watch out}

for number one.

 _{Right action is that instrumentally}

satisfying one’s own and occasionally others’ needs and perspectives. The orientation is materialistic.

 _{Naive egalitarianism and orientation to}

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Growth (lanjutan….)

Basis of Judgment

Stages of Development

Conventional morality: moral values reside in performing good or right roles, in maintaining the conventional

order, and meeting others’

expectations

Stage 3:

 Orientation to approval and to pleasing

and helping others. “Good-boy”

orientation. Conformity and being nice.

 _{Moral behavior is other-directed.}

 _{Behavior conforms strictly to the fixed}

conventions of the society in which we live. Illustrate: Behavior by referring to the comic strip character.

Stage 4:

 Morality has a law-and-order orientation.

Follow the rules.

 _{Moral judgments are based on fixed and}

unchanging rules that everyone is duty bound to obey without question.

 _{The person looks outward either to some}

what superficial social conventions or to laws and rules.

 _{Moral behavior assumes that laws are}

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Growth (lanjutan….)

Basis of Judgment

Stages of Development

Postconventional morality: moral values are derived from principles

which can be

applied universally

Stage 5:

 Contractual-legalistic orientation.

System of laws.

 _{Recognition of an element in rules or}

expectations of agreement. Duty defined in terms of contract.

 _{Moral thinking and judgments are}

complex and comprehensive. We have to account simultaneously for all the

situational aspects, motivations, and general principles involved.

Stage 6:

 _{Orientation to conscience or principles,}

not only to ordained social rules but to principles of choice appealing to logical universality and consistency. Universal Principles (such as justice).

 System laws (written constitution), and

Comparison of Piaget and Kohlberg

Piaget (cognitive stage) Kohlberg (Moral Stage)

0 - 2 Sensori motor 0 -9 Preconventional (stage 1 and 2)

2 – 7 Intuitive / preoperational

7 – 11 operational/ concrete 9 – 15 Conventional ( stage 3 and 4)

11 – up Formal/ abstract

Pertanyaannya:

1.

Dapatkah kita mempercepat

perkembangan moral?