week 13 interdsplnary studies pragmatics

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September 5, 2017 intro2ling/ssn/2007 1

Introduction to

Linguistics

Week 11

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Linguistics &

Interdisciplinary

Studies

Pragmatics

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Interdisciplinary studies in linguistics

Interdisciplinary studies in linguistics

• Neurolinguistics: Neurolinguistics is the study of the brain and how it functions in the production, preception and acquistion of language.

• Historical Linguistics: Historical linguistics is the study of

language change and the relationships of languages to each other. • Anthropological Linguistics: Anthropological linguistics is the

study of language and culture and how they interact. • Psycholinguistics: Studies language as a process.

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PRAGMATICS

Studies meaning in context

the study of the use of

language in communication

particularly,

the relationships between

sentences

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Review…

• Semantics → things are true by the

DEFINITIONS and RULES

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Pragmatics includes..

• How the interpretation and use of

utterances depends on

knowledge

of the real world

• How speakers use and understand

speech acts

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Sentences vs. utterances

• Sentences  do not depend on

time+place

• Utterances  depend on time+place

• E.g: ‘Aku’ by Chairil Anwar (1945)

Aku bila sudah tiba waktuku Tak Seorangpun yang merayu Tidak juga kamu

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Utterances

Utterances have two menings:

- Propositional meaning (locutionary meaning)

the basic literal meaning of the utterance which is conveyed by a

particular words and structures which the utterance contains

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Speech Acts

An utterance as a functional

unit in communiction

(Austin)

– Locutionary act  the saying of

something which is meaningful and can be understood

– Illocutionary act using a sentence to

perform a function

– Perlocutionary act  the effects that are

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Speech acts

e.g:

“Can you close the door?”

Locutionary act :..

Illocutionary act :..

Perlocutioary act:..

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The Cooperative Principle of

Grice

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Maxims of quantity

Give the right amount of information

• Make your information as informative as is required

• Do not make your contribution more informative than is required

• E.g:

A: Are you Susan?

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Maxim of quality

Try to make your contribution one that is true

• Do not say what you believe to be false • Do not say that for which you lack

adequate evidence

• E.g:

A: You are Susan, aren’t you?

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Maxim of manner

Be perspicuous

• Avoid obscurity of expressions

• Avoid ambiguity

• Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity)

• Be orderly

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Maxim of relation

Be relevant

• E.g:

A :

Do you have some sugar?

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Maxim of Relation