ABSTRACT
Dalam penulisan tugas akhir ini saya menganalis pidato dari Susilo
Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) untuk menemukan poin-poin di mana Susilo
Bambang Yudhoyono merepresentasikan dirinya secara positif melalui pidato ini.
Pidato ini merupakan sebuah pidato yang diberikan secara khusus oleh
SBY ketika terjadi aksi pengeboman di dua gedung hotel di Jakarta. Aksi
pengeboman tersebut juga bertepatan dengan sedang berlangsungnya
penghitungan suara pemilihan presiden secara langsung. Ketika itu SBY
merupakan presiden yang sedang menjabat dan juga salah satu calon presiden
untuk periode pemerintahan yang berikutnya.
Saya menganalisis teks pidato ini dengan menggunakan teori van Dijk.
Saya menganalisis teks ini di tataran mikro, yaitu aspek macrostructure,
microstructure, dan superstructure. Melalui ketiga aspek analisis ini saya dapat
menyimpulkan bahwa SBY merepresentasikan dirinya secara positif melalui
1.2 Statement of the Problem ... 4
1.3 Purpose of the Study ... 4
1.4 Method of Research ... 5
1.5 Organization of the Thesis ... 5
APPENDICES
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s Speech
Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh,
Greetings to everyone,
My fellow countrymen and women, to all Indonesians that I love, wherever you
are. Today is a black dot in our history as a nation. Once again, there has been an
attack or a bombing committed by terrorists in Jakarta. It is suspected to have
been committed by a group of terrorists, although it may not necessarily be the
same terrorism network that we have realized cause nothing but sufferings and
troubles that all Indonesians have had to bear. This barbaric act has brought about
innocent casualties as well. Therefore, on this opportunity, on behalf of the
country and the government, and as a person, I would like to express my heartfelt
condolences to the families of the victims. To all the victims, our thoughts and
My fellow countrymen and women, the inhuman and thoughtless bombing
occurred just when our nation had held its presidential election and while the
General Elections Commission (KPU) is still tallying the votes. It has greatly
disrupted the security and peace of the country while people want a safe, peaceful
and conducive situation. People want the conclusion of the 2009 General
Elections to be the starting point for us to unite and rebuild our country for the
sake of all Indonesian people.
The bombing was committed when people were still concerned with political
brouhaha at the elite level, also — as I have been noticing everyday — with
provocative remarks that maintain heated and hostile circumstances, which is not
the aspiration of the people who fulfilled their political duties a few weeks ago.
My fellow countrymen and women, I believe almost all of us feel sympathy and
sadness, and cry inside, as I do now. Indeed, there are few people who are
laughing and screaming in delight, satisfying their maddening anger. These few
people, heartless and careless for the destruction of our country from terrorism, do
not care about the vast implications of their brutality toward our economy,
business climate, tourism, image in the world and many other factors.
Presently, my brothers and sisters, beside us, the government is performing
investigation is on the way as well. I have received a preliminary report of the
ongoing investigation. After I read the report, I instructed the Chief of Police, the
National Intelligence Agency and other related state institutions to conduct a
proper and thorough investigation and to bring the perpetrators to justice.
I believe, as we have discovered before, that the perpetrators and the people who
masterminded this terror will be apprehended and we will prosecute them under
the law. I have instructed law enforcers to prosecute anyone involved. Whoever
he or she is, from whatever political rank and background.
This morning, I have received many statements, or reminders that made me
theorize, or at least are concerned, that this terrorism is related to the result of the
presidential election. I would respond like this — that we should not point our
fingers, or blame someone without proof. All theories and speculations must be
proven in court. Our country is a lawful country, as well as a democratic one.
Therefore, the norms of law and democracy must be enacted properly. If someone
is guilty under the law, then we could say that the person is guilty.
I must say for the first time to all Indonesians that during the series of legislative
and presidential elections in 2009, there were several intelligence reports that
made public. The report showed a group of terrorists had practiced shooting at my
picture, SBY's picture, as a target. Let me show you.
This is a video recording of them practicing shooting. Two men are shooting with
handguns. This is the target. And this is my picture, and they are aiming
approximately at my face. This is the intelligence report, with video tape and
pictures. It is not a slander, nor an issue. I received the report several moments
ago. It is still related to the intelligence that acknowledged there is a plan to
commit violence or actions against the law in relation to the election result.
There was also a plan to occupy the office of the General Elections Commission
when the result is ready to announce. There was a statement that there would be a
revolution if SBY wins. This is an intelligence report, not rumors, nor gossip.
Other statements said they wished to turn Indonesia into [a country like] Iran. And
the last statement said that no matter what, SBY should not and would not be
inaugurated. You can interpret such threats, and the tens of other intelligence
reports that are currently in the hands of our law enforcers.
This morning, just like I used to do, I wanted to come personally to the location
[of the attack]. But the Chief of Police and others suggested I should wait, since
the area was not yet secure. And danger could come at any time especially with all
Surely, life and death is in God's hands. I should not worry and be restrained in
doing my duty to the people, to this country. Since presidential security is borne
by the Indonesian Armed Forces, I believe the armed forces have taken the
precautions needed. To all intelligence reports, whether they are related to the
bombing or not, I have instructed to all law enforcers to perform their duties
correctly, objectively, decisively and lawfully.
If the threats are not related to today's bombing, they still need to be prevented,
because anarchy, violence, vandalism and all other crimes are not the
characteristics of a democratic and lawful country, obviously. For all of this, I, as
the president, condemn the brutal act of terrorism. I also feel very sorry about the
incident. Perhaps, or usually, during times like this, many of us are afraid to
express our scorns or condemnations due to political considerations. On the other
hand, I must say it loud and clear, as my mandate as the president.
Why do I have to feel very sorry? First of all, you all know that for the last five
years, our economy has been growing rapidly. Business, tourism, food
self-sufficiency, investment, trade, real sectors, have all been moving favorably
regardless of the global crisis. Secondly, during the last week alone, our stock
exchange index was improving drastically and our Rupiah was strengthening
was developing also, including the execution of poverty and unemployment
eradication programs, which I usually mention as the Pro-People Program.
All that has happened, my beloved brothers and sisters of Indonesia, is because in
the last couple of years, our country has been truly safe and peaceful. In addition
to the economic growth, our people throughout the country can work and live
their lives in peace, free from fear. Meanwhile, the reputation of our country in the
world is increasing as the world sees our country to be more safe, organized and
peaceful. Our country has a blooming democracy and improved human rights
implementation, a developing country that plays its role globally. Even, and this is
a sad part, if the bombing did not occur, a legendary football club, Manchester
United, would have played in Jakarta.
My fellow countrymen and women, with all of these brutal and thoughtless acts of
terrorism, what we have built in the last five years with the labor and sweat of all
Indonesians, once again must endure another shake and setback. Implications,
once again, must be borne by all Indonesians, minus the bombers.
Therefore, truth and justice will be served. I swear, for the sake of my beloved
Indonesians, that the government will execute proper and decisive punishments to
the bombers, including the mastermind and organizers, and for other crimes that
To the Indonesian Police Force, Indonesian Armed Forces and National
Intelligence Agency, also the governors, district chiefs and mayors, I would like to
ask you to remain on high-alert status and strive to prevent terrorism. More
importantly, the law enforcers must truly seek, capture and prosecute the
perpetrators, organizers, and masterminds behind this violence. Maybe some of
them have committed crimes, assassination or murders and gotten away with these
crimes, but this time we will not let them become Dracula and death-mongers in
our country.
I realize that for the last five years, police have frequently prevented and stopped
terrorism actions. Confiscating explosive materials, uncovering several terrorism
networks, even though today's bombing has happened, a disaster that has torn the
security and reputation of our country and nation. To prevent and exterminate
terrorism and other crimes properly, the intelligence [agency] must be very sharp.
Prevention must be very effective. The police, the intelligence agency, the armed
forces must unite in a complete synergy. Negligence and ignorance must be
discarded. This is our mandate given by the people, for our country.
To all Indonesians, as you increase public alertness, stay at your work and live
your lives normally. If something suspicious happens, call the police. Don't let
their actions at any time if they are allowed to mastermind further terror in our
country.
For the future, I encourage all Indonesians and all elements of the nation to unite
and stand together in protecting the safety and peace of this country. No country
and no religion condone terrorism, whatever the motives and reasons are. Don't
hesitate, nor be afraid, in preventing and exterminating terrorism. Meanwhile, the
terror we had today should never break our spirit and endeavor to build and to
advance our country.
We must keep on fighting to improve our economy, politics, democracy, human
rights implementation, law enforcement, regional development, people's welfare
and so on. The fact is that there is a major catastrophe due to today's act of
terrorism. But we will make it right together, and we shall rise and move forward
again. We, the nation, the country and the people, shall not falter nor cave in to
terrorism. No violence, extremism, and other crimes shall continue to live on this
country.
God Almighty, Allah SWT, shall protect and save our lives. With God's blessings,
I assure you, my brothers and sisters of Indonesia that I shall stand right up front
to face the clear and present danger and to carry out the hard, yet noble, mandate
Thank you,
Wassalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.
Table 1. The thesis of SBY’s speech
Paragraph Thesis
1.
My fellow countrymen and women, to all Indonesians that I love,
wherever you are. Today is a black dot in our history as a nation.
Once again, there has been an attack or a bombing committed by
terrorists in Jakarta. It is suspected to have been committed by a
group of terrorists, although it may not necessarily be the same
terrorism network that we have realized cause nothing but
sufferings and troubles that all Indonesians have had to bear.
2.
This barbaric act has brought about innocent casualties as well.
Therefore, on this opportunity, on behalf of the country and the
government, and as a person, I would like to express my heartfelt
condolences to the families of the victims. To all the victims, our
thoughts and prayers are with you.
3.
My fellow countrymen and women, the inhuman and thoughtless
bombing occurred just when our nation had held its presidential
election and while the General Elections Commission (KPU) is
peace of the country while people want a safe, peaceful and
conducive situation. People want the conclusion of the 2009
General Elections to be the starting point for us to unite and
rebuild our country for the sake of all Indonesian people.
4.
The bombing was committed when people were still concerned
with political brouhaha at the elite level, also — as I have been
noticing everyday — with provocative remarks that maintain
heated and hostile circumstances, which is not the aspiration of
the people who fulfilled their political duties a few weeks ago.
5.
My fellow countrymen and women, I believe almost all of us feel
sympathy and sadness, and cry inside, as I do now. Indeed, there
are few people who are laughing and screaming in delight,
satisfying their maddening anger. These few people, heartless and
careless for the destruction of our country from terrorism, do not
care about the vast implications of their brutality toward our
economy, business climate, tourism, image in the world and many
other factors.
Table 2. The recommendation of SBY’s speech
Paragraph Recommendation
20.
To all Indonesians, as you increase public alertness, stay at your
work and live your lives normally. If something suspicious happens,
neighborhood. You can fall prey to their actions at any time if they
are allowed to mastermind further terror in our country.
21.
For the future, I encourage all Indonesians and all elements of the
nation to unite and stand together in protecting the safety and peace
of this country. No country and no religion condones terrorism,
whatever the motives and reasons are. Don't hesitate, nor be afraid,
in preventing and exterminating terrorism. Meanwhile, the terror we
had today should never break our spirit and endeavor to build and to
advance our country.
22.
We must keep on fighting to improve our economy, politics,
democracy, human rights implementation, law enforcement,
regional development, people's welfare and so on. The fact is that
there is a major catastrophe due to today's act of terrorism. But we
will make it right together, and we shall rise and move forward
again. We, the nation, the country and the people, shall not falter nor
cave in to terrorism. No violence, extremism, and other crimes shall
continue to live on this country.
Table 3. The lexicon of positive self-presentation
No Lexicon Clause
1. love My fellow countrymen and women, to all Indonesians
that I love, wherever you are. (paragraph 3)
and the government, and as a person, I would like to
express my heartfelt condolences to the families of the
victims. (paragraph 4)
3. instructed After I read the report, I instructed the Chief of Police,
the National Intelligence Agency and other related state
institutions to conduct a proper and thorough
investigation and to bring the perpetrators to justice.
(paragraph 8)
4. personally This morning, just like I used to do, I wanted to come
personally to the location [of the attack]. (paragraph 14)
5. restrained Surely, life and death is in God's hands. I should not
worry and be restrained in doing my duty to the people,
to this country. (paragraph 15)
6. duty Surely, life and death is in God's hands. I should not
worry and be restrained in doing my duty to the people,
to this country. (paragraph 15)
7. condemn For all of this, I, as the president, condemn the brutal act
of terrorism.
8. rapidly First of all, you all know that for the last five years, our
economy has been growing rapidly.
9. drastically Secondly, during the last week alone, our stock
exchange index were improving drastically and our
Rupiah was strengthening [against US dollar] as well.
10. strengthening Secondly, during the last week alone, our stock
exchange index were improving drastically and our
11. growing With the growing economy, the welfare of our people
was developing also, including the execution of poverty
and unemployment eradication programs, which I
usually mention as the Pro-People Program.
12. welfare With the growing economy, the welfare of our people
was developing also, including the execution of poverty
and unemployment eradication programs, which I
usually mention as the Pro-People Program.
Figure 1. The Thesis of SBY’s Speech
Thesis
SBY greets the audience and shows his condolences. (par. 1-2)
Figure 2. The Argument of SBY’s Speech
Figure 3. The Recommendation of SBY’s Speech
Argument
SBY shows his early moves which is the response to the bombing. (par. 6-14)
SBY shows intelligence report. (par. 10)
SBY shows his achievements while leading Indonesia. (par 15-20)
Recommendation
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Persuading is something that often happens in our daily life. Normally,
people like persuading other people. We cannot specify what the purpose of the
persuading is, but people must do it with their own goals. There must be one kind
of goal that comes from persuading to make the people who are persuaded do
what the persuader wants.
Every person uses their own way of persuading and every person also
understands what is being persuaded with their own way of thinking too. One
persuasion can make a lot of interpretations and it depends on the person who is
being persuaded too. Thus, it is necessary for people to be more critical about
what is being persuaded to them to prevent any wrong interpretation.
There are many kinds of strategies to persuade people. It depends on the
condition, the listener and also the status of the person. Speech is an effective way
it is normal that sometimes the message of the persuasion is implicitly conveyed
in a speech.
Looking at this phenomenon, I am interested in analyzing the way people
persuade others, especially when they are using a speech. I am trying to find out
what is implicitly recorded inside and what the speaker wants.
In politics and society, image is a substantial point for the citizen to
consider their choices. A good image can bring the politician to the glory, while a
bad image on their opponent can bring their rival down. We can see that these
good and bad images were built in their speeches.
In Linguistics, we can analyze this in Discourse Analysis. Discourse has
more global meanings than just the meaning of words and sentences. Topics
represent the gist or the most important information of a discourse. In discourse
we learn about the emphasis on the good things of the self and the bad things of
the other, and the de-emphasizing of the self’s bad things and the other’s good
things. (van Dijk 45)
In this thesis I would like to analyze Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s speech.
The speech was actually delivered in Bahasa Indonesia, but The Jakarta Globe
gave the transcription in English, so their readers who mainly use English can
understand the content of the speech. The Jakarta Globe is an English-language
newspaper which is published six days a week. It was founded in November 2008.
(“The Jakarta Globe”)
The speech was delivered by the President of the Republic of Indonesia,
Yudhoyono gave a speech about the bombings that happened on that date as a
condolence to the bombing victims and all Indonesian people.
I decide to analyze the micro level analysis based on van Dijk’s theory,
rather than do the whole Critical Discourse Analysis. In this way I can focus more
only on the micro level analysis to produce a much deeper analysis. In the micro
level analysis, I only choose to analyze the representation of the positive self of
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono because of the word limitation.
I am interested in knowing how Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono represented
himself in the moment when he delivered the speech. At that time, the pair of
candidates, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Boediono is the current leaders in
number of voters. They led dominantly but there was still a possibility that
another pair of candidates could join them in the second round of the election if
the couple could not reach the minimum percentage. The other pairs of candidates
were Megawati Soekarnoputri with Prabowo Subianto and Jusuf Kalla with
Wiranto.
I am curious to find out whether Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono used the
speech merely for expressing his condolences or actually using it for building a
positive self-presentation about himself. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono might not
want to take any risk if the second round of the presidential election must proceed.
I believe the topic is significant because through reading a text analysis,
readers can sharpen their critical way of thinking, not only for an academic
interest but also for daily life. It is also beneficial for students of the English
using van Dijk’s theory, especially for those who take a concentration on
discourse analysis.
(722 words)
1.2 Statement of the Problem
In this thesis, I would like to discuss the following problems:
1. Based on the macrostructure analysis, how do the global topics of the
speech show the positive self-presentation of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono?
2. Based on the microstructure analysis, how does lexicon help reveal the
representation of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono?
3. Based on the superstructure analysis, how is the information of the
representation of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono organized in the speech?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purposes of this analysis are as follows:
1. To find out how the global topics of the speech show the positive self-presentation of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono based on the macrostructure
analysis.
2. To find out how lexicon helps reveal the representation of Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono based on the microstructure analysis.
3. To find out how the information of the representation of Susilo Bambang
1.4 Method of Research
First, I searched for a speech that would be the object of my research. I
also browsed some information which was related to the speech. After that, I read
some theories about Discourse Analysis. Next, I started the analysis. Finally, I
wrote the research report.
1.5 Organization of the thesis
The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the
Introduction, which consists of the Background of the Study, Statement of the
Problem, Purpose of the Study, Method of Research, and Organization of the
Thesis. Chapter Two contains the Theoretical Framework. Chapter Three is the
analysis of the data. The last chapter, Chapter Four, is the conclusion of all the
CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION
In this last chapter, I will put forward my personal opinion or comments
on the findings that I have got concerning the positive self-presentation of Susilo
Bambang Yudhoyono in his speech.
According to the macrostructure analysis that I make, I find that SBY is
telling all Indonesian people to be alert and more careful about terrorism. What is
interesting from this part is SBY’s main topic of his speech to present this, his
care of the citizens or his people. It is a good thing to know that the leader of the
country really cares about the security of his people. He informed his people the
things that he has done which are the preventive moves to the bombing event.
What is lacking in the macrostructure that SBY delivers is the content of
the speech is not really related to the macrostructure part. He did not give the
detailed explanation about the things that he already informed in the
macrostructure part. Although we know that we do not need to know the very
detail of the moves that SBY will do, because it is a top secret mission and also
content of the speech was not far from the macrostructure part. On the contrary, it
is not fulfilled. SBY delivered something different.
In the microstructure, SBY tries to show the strong relationship between the
society and him. On top of that, from the microstructure analysis I find that SBY
revealing himself as a country leader who loves his people and country. SBY
takes some words that lead people to understand that he loves his people and
country. For example, the word love. Maybe this word is a common word that
people use in their speech. Still, if someone forgets to use this word, it could be
crucial.
SBY greets his people by showing that he loves his people by using the
word love. He tries to build a strong relationship with his people. With this way of
starting a speech, I think he is doing something smart. This is because by doing
this, he builds a strong relationship first before giving a speech.
Another finding that is interesting for me is the use of the word personally.
He builds a strong relationship with his people by showing that he himself wants
to go to the bombing place. SBY does not want his visit to be represented by the
vice president, chief of police, or anyone else. It is a brave move from SBY.
The weak point of this part is that he uses too many words to show his
strong relationship between him and his people. He also uses too many words to
show his condolences. Moreover, he too often shows his achievements and
representing himself as the main target of the terrorism. As we can see in the
reality that if he had been the real main target of terrorism, why would the terrorist
or government’s activity. I think it would be better if he focuses more on the
moves that he will try to do for the reaction of this bombings.
In the superstructure analysis, I find that through the way of how the
information is arranged, SBY is represented positively. It is good that he informs
the detail about the bombing that happened at an important time. Thus, SBY can
limit what people need to know and what is not. We also can see the behaviour of
a good leader which SBY shows by persuading his people to be more aware of
any kind of terrorism or suspicious action around them. I think it is a good
preventive move to be advised to the citizens.
Yet, there is still some weakness of this part. He includes his achievement
in this part which actually is not really needed to be mentioned. I think his
preparation for the possibility of the second round of the presidential election
makes him need to do this in this kind of “precious” situation.
Based on this finding, I find that the analysis consists of some positive
things and also some negative things from SBY’s speech. I think there are some
brilliant ways of thinking in delivering a speech that we can find in his speech. He
can build a strong relationship and positive image by only giving a speech. He
uses the right lexicon in the right place and using the right timing. Moreover,
organises it very well.
On the other hand, if people analyse the speech, they can find some points
that reveal the weakness of the speech, which cannot be known without further
analysis because it is contained deep inside the speech. Moreover, we need to
know about the condition when the speech was delivered because it influences our
My suggestion for further research in discourse or text analysis is to narrow
the topic that will be analysed. Discourse analysis is a very broad topic and by
narrowing down the topic into a text analysis, it would be more focused and
detailed.
After narrowing the topic into a text analysis we need to really understand
the speech or text that we would like to analyse. We need to have enough
information about the people who delivered the speech (self), the second party
who is the “self” talks about (other) and also the situation, where and when the
speech was delivered. By having this information, we can analyse the speech or
text much better because we can understand the background of the speech.
The last but also one of the most important things that we need to have is
the interest in doing this kind of analysis. If we did not have this kind of interest,
it would be hard for us analyse it, because it needs a great effort to gather the
information that we need and also to think and connect the things that happened or
were mentioned in the speech.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Text:
Thejakartaglobe.com. SBY's Speech on the Jakarta Bombings: Full Text, 17 July
2009. Web. 19 February 2012.
References:
Gerot, Linda and Peter Wignell. Making Sense of Functional Grammar. Sydney:
Antipodean Educational Enterprises, 1994.
Van Dijk, Teun A. Ideology and Discourse. Barcelona: Pompeu Fabra University,
2004.
Van Dijk, Teun A. Discourses.org. 17 May 2010
Dictionary References:
“Condemn.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh
Edition. 2005. Print.
“Condolence.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English
Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.
“Drastically.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh
Edition. 2005. Print.
“Duty.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh
Edition. 2005. Print.
“Growing.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh
Edition. 2005. Print.
“Instruct.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh
Edition. 2005. Print.
“Love.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh
Edition. 2005. Print.
“Personal.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh
Edition. 2005. Print.
“Rapidly.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh
“Restrain.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh
Edition. 2005. Print.
“Strengthening.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English
Seventh Edition. 2005. Print.
“Welfare.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh
