i v
T C A R T S B A ir
a t s e
L , Agatha Tr i Agung Budi . 2012. Revea ilng the Sefl-actuailzaiton o f e
v o L , y a r P , t a E f o r e t c a r a h C n i a M e h t , t r e b li G h t e b a z il
E . Yogyakatra: Engilsh
s tr A d n a e g a u g n a L f o t n e m tr a p e D , m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d
E Educaiton, Facu tly
. y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S , n o it a c u d E d n a g n i n i a r T s r e h c a e T f o
s e s s u c s i d y d u t s s i h
T Eat , Pray, Love, a ltierary work w irtten by an ,t
s il e v o n n a c ir e m
A Eilzabeth Glibetr .T his nove ltell sabou tEilzabeth Gliber’t s o
t y e n r u o j l a u ti ri p
s threecountires , tIaly,I ndiaandI ndonesiat oactuailzehersefl. e
e s o t s i y d u t s e h t f o e v it c e j b o e h
T one’ ssefl-actuailzaiton a sseen in l
e v o n r e h f o r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t ,t r e b li G h t e b a z il
E Eat ,Pray ,Love.Therearet wo
t s s i h t n i d e r e w s n a e b o t s m e l b o r
p u dy(1 )“howi sEilzabeth,t hemaincharacte ro f ”
? d e y a rt r o p , l e v o n e h
t and (2) h“ ow i sEilzabeth’ ssefl-actuailzaiton revealed i n y
a r P , t a
E , Love? ” t a d y r a m ir p e h
T aoft hiss tudyi st henove ltisefl .Thes econdarydataare ,
s k o o b d e t a l e r m o r f n e k a
t encyclopaedia ,dicitonary ,and t heInternet .Thisstudy r
e t c a r a h c f o s e ir o e h t e h t s a h c u s s e ir o e h t s e s
u da n characte irzaiton, whlie the
. h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t s i h c a o r p p a
.l e v o n e h t g n i s y l a n a r e tf a d e d u l c n o c e b n a c t a h t s g n i h t o w t e r a e r e h
T Frist ,
Eilzabeth i sporrtayed a scaree ro irented ,outgoing ,kind ,humorous ,wor ired , n
e p o d n a , e v it a k l a
t -minded .Second ,Eilzabeth actuailzes hersel fby becoming a fl
e s r e H . e b d l u o h s y ll a it n e t o p e h s n o s r e
p -actuailzaiton can be seen from the
l e s f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h
c f-actuailzed person tha tshe has met .She i sable accep t .s
i ti y a w e h t s a e r u t a n d n a e l p o e p r e h t o , fl e s r e
h Shei sspontaneou sand creaitve . t o n b o j r e h s e e s e h S . y l s u o it n e t e r p n u t h g u o h t d n a s n o it o m e r e h s e s s e r p x e e h S
e h r o f y e n o m n r a e o t s n a e m a s a y l e r e
m rilvingbu tshecanseeherj oba samean s o
y ti l a u q a s a h e h S . t n e l a t r e h y ll a i c e p s e f l e s r e h p o l e v e d o
t fdetachmen tand
e c n e d n e p e d n
i .She constanlty show she rappreciaiton to he rexpeirence swtih .
e r u s a e l p d n a s s e n h s e r
f She ha sa kind empathy toward othe rpeople even p
i h s n o it a l e r e s o l c d n a r e p e e d s a h e h S . s r e g n a rt
s wtih people around he rand he r
e p il e F , e v o
l .She i sa democraitc person .She can dfiferenitate between wha ti s s
a h e h S . d a b d n a d o o
g a grea tsenseo fhumour .However ,sher esist sherseflf rom .
n o it a r u tl u c n e e h t
s a d e s u e b n a c l e v o n e h
T the mate ira l to teach Cros s Cutlura l g
n i d n a t s r e d n
U (CCU )clas sin Engilsh Depa trmen tStudy Program o fSanata .
y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D
: s d r o w y e
ii v A R T S B A K ir a t s e
L , Agatha Tr i Agung Budi . 2012.. Reveailng the Sefl-actuailzaiton o f e v o L , y a r P , t a E f o r e t c a r a h C n i a M e h t , t r e b li G h t e b a z il
E . Yogyakatra: Engilsh
, n o it a c u d E s tr A d n a e g a u g n a L f o t n e m tr a p e D , m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d
E Facu tly
d n a g n i n i a r T s r e h c a e T f
o Educaiton ,SanataDharmaUniverstiy. l e v o n s a h a b m e m i n i i d u t
S Eat ,Pray ,Love ,sebuah karya sasrta seorang n a l a jr e p u t a u s g n a t n e t n a k a ti r e c n e m i n i l e v o N . tr e b li G h t e b a z il E , a k ir e m A s il e v o n ir i p
s tua lEilzabeth Gliber tke itga negara yatiu ltI aai ,India and Indonesia untuk . a y n ir i d n a k i s a s il a u t k a g n e m tr e p e s ir i d i s a s il a u t k a u t a u s n a k u m e n e m k u t n u h a l a d a i n i i d u t s ir a d n a u j u T i r e t g n a
y il hat pada Eilzabeth Gliber,t t okoh utama dalam nove lEat ,Pray ,Love . u t s m a l a d b a w a ji d n a k a g n a y h a l a s a m a u d a d
A d iin i(1 )“bagaimana Eilzabeth , m a l a d n a k p a k g n u i d h t e b a z il E i ri
d Eat ,Pray ,Love?” dan (2 )“bagaimana sefl -m a l a d n a k p a k g n u i d h t e b a z il E i s a s il a u t k
a Eat ,Pray ,Love? ”
n a h a b m a t r e b m u S . ir i d n e s u ti l e v o n h a l a d a i n i i d u t s i r a d a m a t u r e b m u S i r a d l i b m a i
d buku-buku yang berkatian ,ensiklopedia ,kamus ,dan Internet .Stud i n a k g n a d e s , n a i s a s ir e t k a r a k g n e p n a d r e t k a r a k i r o e t a p a r e b e b n a k a n u g g n e m i n i . i g o l o k i s p n a t a k e d n e p h a l a d a n a k a n u g i d g n a y n a t a k e d n e p . l e v o n s i s il a n a g n e m h a l e t e s n a k l u p m i s i d t a p a d g n a y l a h a u d a d
A Petrama ,
a k u s , n a a jr e k e p a d a p n a k i s a t n e r o r e b g n a y g n a r o i a g a b e s n a k r a b m a g i d h t e b a z il E , a u d e K . a k u b r e t n a d , a r a c i b a k u s , n a ri t a w a h k , s ir o m u h , it a h k i a b , l u a g r e b i a u s e s g n a r o e s e s i d a j n e m n a g n e d a y n ir i d n a k i s a s il a u t k a g n e m h a l e t h t e b a z il E k A . a y n i s n e t o p n a g n e
d tuailsasinya dapa tdiilha tdar ikarakteirsitk seorang yang a y n ir i d a m ir e n e m a s i b a i D . a y n ir i d a d a p a d a g n a y i ri d n a k i s a s il a u t k a g n e m h a l e t g n a y g n a r o h a l a d a a i D . a y n n a a d a e k n a g n e d i a u s e s m a l a n a d n i a l g n a r o , ir i d n e s e p n a k p a k g n u g n e m a i D . fi t a e r k n a d n a t n o p
s rasaandanpikriannyat anpamenutup . a y n i p u t u
n Diameilha tpekejraannya itdak hanyasebata sala tuntuk mendapatkan k u t n u t a l a a i g a b e s a y n n a a jr e k e p t a h il e m t a p a d a i d i p a t e t n a k a g n a u g n a y n a t a k e d e k i k il i m e m a i D . a y n t a k a b a y n s u s u h k i ri d n a k g n a b m e g n e m l a u k r e
b tia s dan mandiir . Dia secara kosntan menunjukkan apresiasinya pada n a m a l a g n e
p -pengalamannya dengan kesegaran dan kesenangan. Dia memiilk i . g n i s a g n a r o h a l a d a a k e r e m n u p i k s e m n i a l g n a r o a d a p i t a p m
e Dia memiilk i
g n a r o e s a i D . t a k e d n a d m a l a d n e m g n a y n a g n u b u
h yang demokraits .Diamampu
r o m u h t a k g n it i k il i m e m a i D . k u r u b g n a y n a d k i a b g n a y a n a m a r a t n a n a k a d e b m e m . i s a s il a r u tl u k n e i r a d a y n ir i d i g n u d n il e m a i d , n u m a N . i g g n it g n a y i b i n i l e v o
N sa digunakan sebaga i mater i mengaja r Cros s Cutlura l g n i d n a t s r e d n
U (CCU )Clas sd i Program Stud iBahasa Inggir sd i Universtia s . a m r a h D a t a n a S : i c n u k a t a
F L E S E H T G N I L A E V E
R -ACTUALIZATIONOFELIZABETHGILBERT , F
O R E T C A R A H C N I A M E H
T EAT ,PRAY ,LOVE
ASARJANAPENDIDIKANTHESIS
s t n e m e ri u q e R e h t f o t n e m ll if l u F l a it r a P s a d e t n e s e r P
n i a t b O o
t SarjanaPendidikanDegree n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n E n i
y B
ir a t s e L i d u B g n u g A i r T a h t a g A
7 0 1 4 1 2 1 8 0 : r e b m u N t n e d u t S
M A R G O R P Y D U T S N O I T A C U D E E G A U G N A L H S I L G N E
N O I T A C U D E S T R A D N A E G A U G N A L F O T N E M T R A P E D
T F O Y T L U C A
F EACHERSTRAININGANDEDUCATION Y
T I S R E V I N U A M R A H D A T A N A S
A T R A K A Y G O Y
i
F L E S E H T G N I L A E V E
R -ACTUALIZATIONOFELIZABETHGILBERT , F
O R E T C A R A H C N I A M E H
T EAT ,PRAY ,LOVE
ASARJANAPENDIDIKANTHESIS
s t n e m e ri u q e R e h t f o t n e m ll if l u F l a it r a P s a d e t n e s e r P
n i a t b O o
t SarjanaPendidikanDegree n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n E n i
y B
ir a t s e L i d u B g n u g A i r T a h t a g A
7 0 1 4 1 2 1 8 0 : r e b m u N t n e d u t S
M A R G O R P Y D U T S N O I T A C U D E E G A U G N A L H S I L G N E
N O I T A C U D E S T R A D N A E G A U G N A L F O T N E M T R A P E D
T F O Y T L U C A
F EACHERSTRAININGANDEDUCATION Y
T I S R E V I N U A M R A H D A T A N A S
A T R A K A Y G O Y
v i
Y T I L A N I G I R O S ’ K R O W F O T N E M E T A T S
t a h t e r a l c e d y lt s e n o h
I thist hesis ,which Ihavew irtten ,doe sno tcontaint hework
e h t d n a s n o it a t o u q e h t n i d e ti c e s o h t t p e c x e , e l p o e p r e h t o f o k r o w e h t f o s tr a p r o
. d l u o h s r e p a p c if it n e i c s a s a , s e c n e r e f e r
, a tr a k a y g o
Y Novembe r14 ,2 10 2
e h
T Wrtier
v
H A I M L I A Y R A K I S A K I L B U P N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E L
S I M E D A K A N A G N I T N E P E K K U T N U
: a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U a w s i s a h a m a y a s ,i n i h a w a b i d n a g n a t a d n a tr e b g n a Y
a m a
N :AgathaTr iAgungBud iLestair
a w s i s a h a M r o m o
N :081214107
n a a k a t s u p r e P a d a p e k n a k ir e b m e m a y a s , n a u h a t e g n e p u m li n a g n a b m e g n e p i m e D
:l u d u jr e b n a y a y s h a i m li a y r a k a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U
E H T G N I L A E V E
R SELF-ACTUALIZATIONOFELIZABETHGILBERT ,
F O R E T C A R A H C N I A M E H
T EAT ,PRAY ,LOVE
k n a k ir e b m e m a y a s n a i k i m e d n a g n e
D epada Perpustakaan Universtia sSanata , n i a l a i d e m k u t n e b m a l a d n a k h il a g n e m , n a p m i y n e m k u t n u k a h a m r a h D
n a d , s a t a b r e t a r a c e s n a k i s u b ir t s i d n e m , a t a d n a l a k g n a p k u t n e b m a l a d a y n a l o l e g n e m
s i m e d a k a n a g n it n e p e k k u t n u n i a l a i d e m u a t a t e n r e t n I i d a y n n a k i s a k il b u p m e m
a y a s a d a p e k y tl a y o r n a k ir e b m e m n u p u a m a y a s i r a d n ij i a t n i m e m u lr e p a p n a t
.s il u n e p i a g a b e s a y a s a m a n n a k m u t n a c n e m p a t e t a m a l e s
. a y n r a n e b e s n a g n e d t a u b a y a s i n i n a a t a y n r e p n a i k i m e D
a tr a k a y g o Y i d t a u b i D
2 1 0 2 r e b m e v o N 4 1 : l a g g n a t a d a P
n a k a t a y n e m g n a Y
t a g
i v
T C A R T S B A
ir a t s e
L , Agatha Tr i Agung Budi . 2012. Revea ilng the Sefl-actuailzaiton o f e
v o L , y a r P , t a E f o r e t c a r a h C n i a M e h t , t r e b li G h t e b a z il
E . Yogyakatra: Engilsh
s tr A d n a e g a u g n a L f o t n e m tr a p e D , m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d
E Educaiton, Facu tly
. y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S , n o it a c u d E d n a g n i n i a r T s r e h c a e T f o
s e s s u c s i d y d u t s s i h
T Eat , Pray, Love, a ltierary work w irtten by an ,t
s il e v o n n a c ir e m
A Eilzabeth Glibetr .T his nove ltell sabou tEilzabeth Gliber’t s o
t y e n r u o j l a u ti ri p
s threecountires , tIaly,I ndiaandI ndonesiat oactuailzehersefl. e
e s o t s i y d u t s e h t f o e v it c e j b o e h
T one’ ssefl-actuailzaiton a sseen in l
e v o n r e h f o r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t ,t r e b li G h t e b a z il
E Eat ,Pray ,Love.Therearet wo
t s s i h t n i d e r e w s n a e b o t s m e l b o r
p u dy(1 )“howi sEilzabeth,t hemaincharacte ro f ”
? d e y a rt r o p , l e v o n e h
t and (2) h“ ow i sEilzabeth’ ssefl-actuailzaiton revealed i n y
a r P , t a
E , Love? ” t a d y r a m ir p e h
T aoft hiss tudyi st henove ltisefl .Thes econdarydataare ,
s k o o b d e t a l e r m o r f n e k a
t encyclopaedia ,dicitonary ,and t heInternet .Thisstudy r
e t c a r a h c f o s e ir o e h t e h t s a h c u s s e ir o e h t s e s
u da n characte irzaiton, whlie the .
h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t s i h c a o r p p a
.l e v o n e h t g n i s y l a n a r e tf a d e d u l c n o c e b n a c t a h t s g n i h t o w t e r a e r e h
T Frist ,
Eilzabeth i sporrtayed a scaree ro irented ,outgoing ,kind ,humorous ,wor ired , n
e p o d n a , e v it a k l a
t -minded .Second ,Eilzabeth actuailzes hersel fby becoming a fl
e s r e H . e b d l u o h s y ll a it n e t o p e h s n o s r e
p -actuailzaiton can be seen from the l
e s f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h
c f-actuailzed person tha tshe has met .She i sable accep t .s
i ti y a w e h t s a e r u t a n d n a e l p o e p r e h t o , fl e s r e
h Shei sspontaneou sand creaitve . t o n b o j r e h s e e s e h S . y l s u o it n e t e r p n u t h g u o h t d n a s n o it o m e r e h s e s s e r p x e e h S
e h r o f y e n o m n r a e o t s n a e m a s a y l e r e
m rilvingbu tshecanseeherj oba samean s o
y ti l a u q a s a h e h S . t n e l a t r e h y ll a i c e p s e f l e s r e h p o l e v e d o
t fdetachmen tand
e c n e d n e p e d n
i .She constanlty show she rappreciaiton to he rexpeirence swtih .
e r u s a e l p d n a s s e n h s e r
f She ha sa kind empathy toward othe rpeople even p
i h s n o it a l e r e s o l c d n a r e p e e d s a h e h S . s r e g n a rt
s wtih people around he rand he r
e p il e F , e v o
l .She i sa democraitc person .She can dfiferenitate between wha ti s s
a h e h S . d a b d n a d o o
g a grea tsenseo fhumour .However ,sher esist sherseflf rom .
n o it a r u tl u c n e e h t
s a d e s u e b n a c l e v o n e h
T the mate ira l to teach Cros s Cutlura l g
n i d n a t s r e d n
U (CCU )clas sin Engilsh Depa trmen tStudy Program o fSanata .
y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D
: s d r o w y e
ii v A R T S B A K ir a t s e
L , Agatha Tr i Agung Budi . 2012.. Reveailng the Sefl-actuailzaiton o f e v o L , y a r P , t a E f o r e t c a r a h C n i a M e h t , t r e b li G h t e b a z il
E . Yogyakatra: Engilsh
, n o it a c u d E s tr A d n a e g a u g n a L f o t n e m tr a p e D , m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d
E Facu tly
d n a g n i n i a r T s r e h c a e T f
o Educaiton ,SanataDharmaUniverstiy. l e v o n s a h a b m e m i n i i d u t
S Eat ,Pray ,Love ,sebuah karya sasrta seorang n a l a jr e p u t a u s g n a t n e t n a k a ti r e c n e m i n i l e v o N . tr e b li G h t e b a z il E , a k ir e m A s il e v o n ir i p
s tua lEilzabeth Gliber tke itga negara yatiu ltI aai ,India and Indonesia untuk . a y n ir i d n a k i s a s il a u t k a g n e m tr e p e s ir i d i s a s il a u t k a u t a u s n a k u m e n e m k u t n u h a l a d a i n i i d u t s ir a d n a u j u T i r e t g n a
y il hat pada Eilzabeth Gliber,t t okoh utama dalam nove lEat ,Pray ,Love . u t s m a l a d b a w a ji d n a k a g n a y h a l a s a m a u d a d
A d iin i(1 )“bagaimana Eilzabeth , m a l a d n a k p a k g n u i d h t e b a z il E i ri
d Eat ,Pray ,Love?” dan (2 )“bagaimana sefl -m a l a d n a k p a k g n u i d h t e b a z il E i s a s il a u t k
a Eat ,Pray ,Love? ”
n a h a b m a t r e b m u S . ir i d n e s u ti l e v o n h a l a d a i n i i d u t s i r a d a m a t u r e b m u S i r a d l i b m a i
d buku-buku yang berkatian ,ensiklopedia ,kamus ,dan Internet .Stud i n a k g n a d e s , n a i s a s ir e t k a r a k g n e p n a d r e t k a r a k i r o e t a p a r e b e b n a k a n u g g n e m i n i . i g o l o k i s p n a t a k e d n e p h a l a d a n a k a n u g i d g n a y n a t a k e d n e p . l e v o n s i s il a n a g n e m h a l e t e s n a k l u p m i s i d t a p a d g n a y l a h a u d a d
A Petrama ,
a k u s , n a a jr e k e p a d a p n a k i s a t n e r o r e b g n a y g n a r o i a g a b e s n a k r a b m a g i d h t e b a z il E , a u d e K . a k u b r e t n a d , a r a c i b a k u s , n a ri t a w a h k , s ir o m u h , it a h k i a b , l u a g r e b i a u s e s g n a r o e s e s i d a j n e m n a g n e d a y n ir i d n a k i s a s il a u t k a g n e m h a l e t h t e b a z il E k A . a y n i s n e t o p n a g n e
d tuailsasinya dapa tdiilha tdar ikarakteirsitk seorang yang a y n ir i d a m ir e n e m a s i b a i D . a y n ir i d a d a p a d a g n a y i ri d n a k i s a s il a u t k a g n e m h a l e t g n a y g n a r o h a l a d a a i D . a y n n a a d a e k n a g n e d i a u s e s m a l a n a d n i a l g n a r o , ir i d n e s e p n a k p a k g n u g n e m a i D . fi t a e r k n a d n a t n o p
s rasaandanpikriannyat anpamenutup . a y n i p u t u
n Diameilha tpekejraannya itdak hanyasebata sala tuntuk mendapatkan k u t n u t a l a a i g a b e s a y n n a a jr e k e p t a h il e m t a p a d a i d i p a t e t n a k a g n a u g n a y n a t a k e d e k i k il i m e m a i D . a y n t a k a b a y n s u s u h k i ri d n a k g n a b m e g n e m l a u k r e
b tia s dan mandiir . Dia secara kosntan menunjukkan apresiasinya pada n a m a l a g n e
p -pengalamannya dengan kesegaran dan kesenangan. Dia memiilk i . g n i s a g n a r o h a l a d a a k e r e m n u p i k s e m n i a l g n a r o a d a p i t a p m
e Dia memiilk i
g n a r o e s a i D . t a k e d n a d m a l a d n e m g n a y n a g n u b u
h yang demokraits .Diamampu
r o m u h t a k g n it i k il i m e m a i D . k u r u b g n a y n a d k i a b g n a y a n a m a r a t n a n a k a d e b m e m . i s a s il a r u tl u k n e i r a d a y n ir i d i g n u d n il e m a i d , n u m a N . i g g n it g n a y i b i n i l e v o
N sa digunakan sebaga i mater i mengaja r Cros s Cutlura l g n i d n a t s r e d n
U (CCU )Clas sd i Program Stud iBahasa Inggir sd i Universtia s . a m r a h D a t a n a S : i c n u k a t a
ii i v
,e
er
t
eh
t
eb
n
ac
u
o
y
fi
f
ae
l
a
eb
t'
n
o
D
ae
s
eh
t
eb
n
ac
u
o
y
fi
p
or
d
ni
ar
a
e
b
t'
n
od
sn
ia
m
er
e
er
t
eh
t
tu
b
ll
af
y
a
m
f
ae
l
a
es
u
a
C
`
t
tu
b
ll
a
ta
n
ia
r
re
ve
n
y
a
m
t
I
h
e
es
a
er
m
ia
sn
?
ee
s
,a
es
e
ht
d
n
a
ee
rt
e
ht
e
b
ot
r
et
te
B
.e
b
n
ac
u
o
y
ta
ht
l
la
e
b
,t
u
p
yl
p
m
i
S
)
m
o
ds
i
W
s
tu
n
ae
P
(
: o t s i s e h t s i h t e t a c i d e d I
x i
D E L W O N K C
A GEMENT
d r o L y m e s i a r p I , e c a l p t s ri f e h t n
I Jesu sCh irs,tf o rHi sblessing ,guidance ,
s n g i s e h t e r a e s o h T . s i s e h t s i h t f o n o it e l p m o c e h t g n ir u d e m o t n e v i g s e l c a ri m d n a
. e fi l y m n i e c n e s e r p l u f p l e h s i H f o
, r o s i v d a y m o t e d u ti t a r g y m d n e s
I Drs .Ant .Heru ijyanto ,M.A. ,Ph .D rfo
I . s i s e h t y m f o n o it e l p m o c e h t g n ir u d t n e it a p d n a t r o p p u s , p l e h , e c i v d a s i h
e h t d n a e m it e h t r o f , e m o t e v a g e h t a h t t n e m e g a r u o c n e y r e v e e t a i c e r p p a
. n o i s s u c s i d
n i p l e h r i e h t r o f m e h t k n a h t I . s r e r u t c e l I B P l l a k n a h t o t e k il d l u o w I
g n E y m g n i v o r p m
i ilsh skli land my aspect sofl fie .Moreover , Ialso send t hank s
. p l e h n o it a rt s i n i m d a r i e h t r o f k i n a D k a b M d n a i r a T k a b M o t
, s s e n d n i k r i e h t r o f y li m a f y m k n a h t o t s d r o w t h g ir e h t d n if y l d r a h n a c I
h i w o tr a M s u n it s u g A , d a d y m o t l u f k n a h t m a I . e r a c d n a e v o
l ajro , fo r hi s
r o f m o m e t a l y m k n a h t o t h s i w I . o s o d o t e m s e ri p s n i s y a w l a t a h t g n i k r o w d r a h
, s r e t s i s y m o T . s i s e h t s i h t f o g n i k r o w t h g i n e t a l e h t n i n o i n a p m o c e l b i s i v n i r e h
t a h t tr o p p u s d n a g n i d n a t s r e d n u r i e h t r o f m e h t k n a h t I , n a W k a b M d n a r u M k a b M
g n e rt
s then medu irng my bad itmes .Mydeepes tgrattiudegoest oMbak Wanf o r
o t e c n e ir e p x e s u o ir u x u l s i h t o t e m t h g u o r b t a h t g n i k r o w d r a h d n a e c if ir c a s r e h
r i e h t r o f o e h T d n a a M k a b M , t e l o T , ir S , s n i s u o c d e v o l e b y m k n a h t o s l a I . y d u t s
. s tr o p p u s d n a s e k o j
n a h t
I k my bes tfirend sVinsen ,Agatha ,Paul ,Hani ,Era ,Rini ,Pincuk ,
, t o d n
x
y m o T . e m o t n e v i g n e e b e v a h t a h t s d r o w g n it a v it o m r i e h t d n a t n e m e g a r u o c n e
e H , g n e j A , o e L , o t e S , e c a r G , k o Y s a M , s e t a m s s a l
c ni ,Jenny ,Shelry ,Ntia ,Siska ,
m e h t k n a h t I , m a d A , i n e B , i n o B , u y A , a g g n A , l e g n A , a k s i R , y d i W , a i L , a k I , a k s i R
, s s o b g i b e h t s a a f a F , e s r u o C h s il g n E a v r e n i M k n a h t I .s e ir o m e m e l b i d e r c n i e h t r o f
r a t e r c e s s u o r o m u h e h t s a o d n u B , r e r u s a e rt t s e i d it e h t s a h a e
T y and Bayu a sthe
. e s r u o c h s il g n E g n it c u d n o c f o e r u t n e v d a t a e r g e h t r o f , n a s it r a
, a h t a g A , e k e n n I , a i M , a n i T , y r a r b i L D S U n i s r e n tr a p g n i k r o w y m k n a h t I
r u o g n ir u d y o j e h t r o f y d u R d n a s e d o M , a d l y M , a ir a M , ir a S , a k i D , k it a T , ti b o N
l l a k n a h t o s l a I . s k r o
w oft he ilbrairan so fUSDLibraryespeciallyf ort hei rwarm
, g n i n e W k a b M , a fl U k a b M , s d n e ir f s ’ I C S y m o t l u f k n a h t m a I , n e h T . e c n a t p e c c a
o s l a I . e r e h t g n i h c a e t y m n i e c i v d a r i e h t r o f ir e H s a M d n a , t u m I k a b M , i n i R k a b M
o t e c a l p g n i v i g r o f y ti n u m m o C a n a C k n a h
t serveGod .
d e n o it n e m n e e b t o n e v a h o h w e l p o e p l l a o t s e o g n o it a i c e r p p a y m , y ll a n i F
. m e h t h ti w e b s y a w l a d o G y a M . e m d e tr o p p u s e v a h t u b e v o b a
i x
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
e g a P
E G A P E L T I
T ... i
E G A P L A V O R P P
A S ... ii
Y T I L A N I G I R O S ’ K R O W F O T N E M E T A T
S ... i v
I S A K I L B U P N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E
P ... v T
C A R T S B
A ... vi
K A R T S B
A ... i.. v i E
G A P N O I T A C I D E
D ... iiv i
S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ... xi
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ... xi
N O I T C U D O R T N I .I R E T P A H C
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy ... 1
.
B ResearchObjecitve ... 4
.
C ProblemFormulaiton ... ... 4
.
D ResearchBenefti s ... 5
s m r e T f o n o it i n if e D .
E ... 5
r e t c a r a h C .
1 ... .... 5
n o it a z ir e t c a r a h C .
2 ... 6
fl e S .
3 -actuailzaiton ... 6
a l a M a p a J .
4 ... .... 6
a g o Y .
ii x n
o it a ti d e M .
6 ... .. 7
E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O Y R O E H T . I I R E T P A H C
f o w e i v e R .
A RelatedTheo ires... 8
n o it a z ir e t c a r a h C d n a r e t c a r a h C f o y r o e h T .
1 ... 8
e h T .
a o ryo fCharacte r... 8
f o y r o e h T .
b Characteirzaiton ... 9
y r o e h T s d e e N f o y h c r a r e i H s ’ w o l s a M m a h a r b A .
2 ... 11
fl e S f o n o it i n if e D .
a -actuailzaiton ... 13
fl e S f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h C .
b -actuailzingPerson ... 13
)
1 Acceptanceo fSefl ,Other sandNature ... 1 4
)
2 Spontanetiy ... 1 5
)
3 ProblemCenteirng ... 1 5
)
4 Detachmen t ... 1 5
)
5 Autonomy:I ndependenceo fCutlureand
t n e m n o ri v n
E ... 15
)
6 Con itnuedFreshnes so fAppreciaiton ... 1 6
)
7 ThePeakExpeirence s... 16
)
8 SocialI nterest ... 16
)
9 Interpersona lRelaiton s ... 16 ....
) 0
1 DemocraitcCharacte rSrtucture ... 1 7
) 1
1 Disc irminaitonbetweenMean sandEnd s... 17
) 2
ii i x )
3
1 Creaitvenes s ... 17
) 4
1 Resistancet oEncutluraiton... 17
k r o w e m a r F l a c it e r o e h T .
B ... 18
l e v o N e h T f o t x e t n o C .
C ... 1 9
Y G O L O D O H T E M . I I I R E T P A H C
y d u t S e h t f o t c e j b O .
A ... 21
y d u t S e h t f o h c a o r p p A .
B ... 23
y d u t S e h t f o d o h t e M .
C ... 24
S I S Y L A N A . V I R E T P A H C
.
A Eilzabeth’ sCharacteirsitcs... 26
d e t n e ir O r e e r a C .
1 ... 26
g n i o g t u O .
2 ... 2 9
d n i K .
3 ... 33
s u o r o m u H .
4 ... 34 ....
d e ir r o W .
5 ... 37
e v it a k l a T .
6 ... 3 8
n e p O .
7 -minded ... 3 9
.
B Eilzabetha sSefl-actuailzedPerson ... 40 ..
m o r f n e e S s a t n e m p o l e v e D t n e m li fl u F s d e e N h t e b a z il E . 1
w o l s a
M ’ sHierarchyo fNeed s ... 40 ....
.
v i x .
b SafetyNeed s ... 42
.
c BelongingandLoveNeed s ... 43 ..
.
d EsteemNeed s... 45
fl e S a s a h t e b a z il E .
2 -actuailzingPersona sSeenf rom
w o l s a
M ’ sCharacteirsitc so faSefl-actuailzingPerson .... 48 ..
.
a He rAcceptanceo fSefl ,Other sandNature ... 4 8
.
b He rSpontanetiyandCreaitvenes s... 50
.
c ProblemCentirng ... 54
.
d Detachmen t ... 5 5
.
e Autonomy ... 5 7
.f Con itnuedFreshnes so fAppreciaiton ... 5 9
.
g ThePeakExpeirence ... 6 1
.
h SocialI nteres t ... 6 3
.i Interpersona lRelaiton s... 6 4
.j DemocraitcCharacte rSrtucture ... 6 5
.
k DiscirminaitonbetweenGoodandBad ... 6 7
.l Senseo fPhliosophica lHumou r... 67
.
m Resistancet oEncutluraiton ... .. 6 9
. V R E T P A H
C CONCLUSIONS ANDSUGGESTIONS
.
A Conclusions ... 71 ....
.
B Suggesiton s ... 73 ....
r e h c r a e s e R e r u t u F e h t r o f n o it s e g g u S .
v x
g n i h c a e T h s il g n E r o f n o it s e g g u S .
2 ... 74 ..
l a r u tl u C s s o r C g n i h c a e T f o n o it a t n e m e l p m I e h T . 3
g n i d n a t s r e d n
U ... 75
S E C N E R E F E
R ... 77
S E C I D N E P P
A ... 78
r o h t u A e h t f o y h p a r g o i B : 1 X I D N E P P
A ... 7 9
l e v o N e h t f o y r a m m u S : 2 X I D N E P P
A ... 81
g n i d n a t s r e d n U l a r u tl u C s s o r C s u b a ll y S : 3 X I D N E P P
A ... 83
n a l P n o s s e L : 4 X I D N E P P
1 I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
s i h
T chapteri sdivided i nto ifvepatrs .They areBackground oft heStudy ,
d n a y d u t S e h t f o s ti f e n e B , n o it a l u m r o F s m e l b o r P , y d u t S e h t f o e v it c e j b O
. m r e T f o n o it i n if e D
s i tr a p t s ri f e h
T background oft hestudywhichpresentst hedescirpiton o f
e v it c e j b o e h t s i d n o c e s e h T . n e s o h c s i c i p o t s i h t y h w n o s a e r e h t o s l a d n a c i p o t e h t
e b ir c s e d t a h t y d u t s e h t f
o sthe aim o fconducitng the research. The thrid i sthe
y l a n a e b l li w t a h t s m e l b o r p h c r a e s e r o w t h ti w s l a e d t a h t n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r
p zed
h c i h w y d u t s e h t f o s ti f e n e b e h t s i t r a p t x e n e h T . y d u t s s i h t n i d e s s u c s i d d n a
d n a r e h c r a e s e r e h t r o f t if e n e b e h t ,l a r e n e g n i s r e d a e r e h t r o f s ti f e n e b e h t y fi t n e d i
s m r e t f o n o it i n if e d e h t t u o b a s i tr a p t s a l e h T . r e h c r a e s e r e r u t u f e h t r o f ti f e n e b e h t
e s
u d in thi s study and thei r explanaiton used to avoid the readers ’
. s m r e t n i a tr e c e h t d r a w o t g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m
y d u t S e h t f o d n u o r g k c a B . A
.s k r o w e r u t a r e ti l f o e n o s i l e v o
N A nove lpresent sone’ sthought ,one’ s
e m e l e e s e h T . e fi l f o w e i v s ’ e n o d n a , g n il e e
f nt swli lbe pu tinto an imaginaiton
i d lr o
w mtiaitngt her eall fief romone’ sexpeirence sort heauthor’ sexpe irencest o
f o y a w n i a tr e c a s r e f f o r o h t u a e h T . g n it ir w r i e h
t looking atl fieand ace trainview
,s u h T . e r o f e b n e e s t o n e v a h s r e d a e r e h t t a h t e c n e ir e p x e f
o people wli lturn to a
o t l e v o
ri e h t w o h t c e lf e r o t d n a e e s o t m g i d a r a p w e n r o e r u s a e l p r o f k o o
l lfiegoes .They
e t a l e r ll i
w theparadigmt hatt hecharacter shavet ot hei rownparadigm.
n i d a e
R ganoveli sno tonlygivingpleasureandnewparadigmt oseehow
s e o g e fi
l bu talso givingpsychologica lunderstandingo fhuman being t ha tcan be
h t d e n i a t b
o rough explo irng t he character sof t he novel .The autho rof t he nove l
l a e r e h T . s r e t c a r a h c n a m u h l a e r t c e lf e r y ll a c i g o l o h c y s p t a h t s r e t c a r a h c s p o l e v e d
t c e p s
a s of t he character scan be seen from t hei rpersonailite sdevelopmen,t t hei r
s n o it a l e r r i e h t , g n il e e
f hips t o t he other ,s t hei rdesrie ,s t hei rmoitvaiton and t hei r
fl e
s -actuailzaiton.
e h t g n ir e d i s n o c y
B fact smenitoned abovet hewrtie rchoo es s thegenera l
e h t n i d e t s e r e t n i s i e h S . y d u t s e h t f o t c e j b u s e h t s a l e v o n a d n a y d u t s e h t f o c i p o t
t e b a z il
E h bGli er’t snove lwhichi senitltedEat ,Pray ,Love .Thes toryi nt hi snove l
i s really close to human being . In rea l lfie , people wli l ge t ou t from thei r
t c ir t s e r m e e s t a h t s e c n a t s m u c ri
c i ng thei rpotenita lto actuailze themselve .s They
o p y e h t o h w e z il a u t c a l li
w tenitally wli lbecomei nstead o ffollowing t he cu tlure
. e r a y e h t o h w e m o c e b o t y t e i c o s ri e h t m o r f
People have dfiferen tway sin deailng wtih thei rproblem .Some people
fl e s y n a t e g o t e c a l p r i e h t m o r f t u o t e g o t d e e n y a
m -recoveirng. Eilzabeth’ s
o
j urney ha sporrtayed he rway in facing he rlfie cras swtih thei rways .Here ,
o h c h t e b a z il
E o es s to rtave lwhliedoinghe rworkt omakew iritngabou the rrtavel .
s u o ir a li h d e t a e r c y ll u f s s e c c u s s a h s e ir o t s e h t g n il l e t h t e b a z il E y a w e h t ,r e v o e r o M
s d n i m d n a s n o it o m e ’ s r e d a e r e h t e ti v n i n a c t a h t y r o t
e n i g a m
i the characte rand relate how the characte racted in deali ng wtih h er
m e l b o r
p da rn h e dreaminl fie.
g n il l e v a rt n i s e c n e ir e p x e s ’ r o h t u a e h t t u o b a s i l e v o n s i h t ,f e ir b n
I t Io taly ,
e h S . a i s e n o d n I d n a a i d n
I isi nhe rdepressiono funhappymarirage .Shedecides to
c r o v i d t e
g ed wtih he rhusband .Whlie sh ie sbusy in deailng wtih he rdivorce
n r u t e h s , n o it it e
p s to an acto rwhose name David .However ,thei rrelaitonship
d so e notl astf orl ong itme. Then,t hey ifnallybre .akup A tfe rhe rhusband ifnally
e e r g
a s to par tandt o sign t hepeititon ,shehas at irp t o tIaly, Indiaand I ndonesia.
e ir t e h
S s to hea lhersel ffrom a severe emoitona land sp ritiua lcirsis t hrough he r
i t a h w e k i L . y e n r u o j r a e y e n
o sw irtten by t heauthori n t hesub itlteoft hi snove l
y e n r u o j s ’ h t e b a z il E , ” g n i h t y r e v e r o f h c r a e s n a m o w e n o
” i sno tjus ta common
p o l e v e d e h s t u b y a d il o h r i e h t n i o d e l p o e p t a h w e k il y e n r u o
j shersel f and
e z il a u t c
a s eh rsel f du irng he r t irp . She looks fo r pleasure through he r day s
h s , n e h T . y l a tI n i g n it a e d n a g n il l e v a
rt el earns ot bef ocust hroughYogaand t ire s
to be calme rwhliesheisi n Ashram i n India .She l earns vairou skind so fYoga .
e ir t e h
S s tof orgivehersel fandaccepts wha tist aken away .Atfe rarirvingi nBail ,
f e h
s eel smore reilef .She meets a Bailnese heale rnamed Ketu tLiye rwho has
m l a p s i h d a e
r -hand son he rfrist visiitng in Bail .She pracitces two kind so f
o it a ti d e m d n a n o it a ti d e m c i g o Y , s n o it a ti d e
m n ilkewhatt heKetu tLiye rteaches to
e h s ,r e t a L . r e
h c anacceptl oveagain .Shemeets aBraziilanmanwhobecomes rhe
. e v o l
o t t n a e m s i y d u t s s i h
T ifnd how Eilzabeth actuailze shersel fdu irng he r
fl e s h t e b a z il E g n i s y l a n a n I . y e n r u o
c it s ir e t c a r a h
c s o fher .The researche rchoose s ilbrary study tha tfocuse son the
d n o c e s e h t d n a l e v o n e h t s a e c r u o s y r a m ir
p ary sourcest o t heo ire sneeded on t he
e h t f o c i p o t e h t e z y l a n a o t h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t s e s u s i s e h t s i h T . h c r a e s e r
fl e s s ’ h t e b a z il E s i t a h t y d u t
s -actuailzaiton a sseen in he rwork Eat ,Pray ,Love.
o y r o e h t e k il s e ir o e h t g n it r o p p u s e m o s s e s u y d u t s s i h
T f characte r and
c it s ir e t c a r a h c d n a y r o e h t s d e e n f o y h c r a r e i h s ’ w o l s a M m a h a r b A , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c
fl e s f
o -actuailzi ng people .The explanaiton o feach theory i spresented in the
. o w t r e t p a h c
.
B ResearchObjec itve
fl e s s ’ e n o e e s o t s i y d u t s e h t f o e v it c e j b o e h
T -actuailzaiton a sseen in
l e v o n r e h f o r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t ,t r e b li G h t e b a z il
E Eat ,Pray ,Love.
C .ProblemFormula iton
o w t e h t n i s e s u c o f r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s e h t f o s e v it c e j b o e h t f o w e i v n I
o it a l u m r o f s m e l b o r
p ns .Theyaref ormulatedasf ollows:
.
1 Howi sE ilzabeth,t hemaincharacte roft henovel ,porrtayed?
.
2 Howi sE ilzabeth’ss efl-actuailzaitonr evealedi nEat ,PrayLove?
s ti f e n e B h c r a e s e R . D
t u o b a r e tt e b d n a t s r e d n u n a c r e h c r a e s e r e h t l e v o n s i h t g n i y d u t s y
B thi s
fl e s r e h d n a t s r e d n u d n a l e v o
n .She uses psychologica lapproach to analyse the
r e h s n e d a o r b o s l a h c r a e s e r s i h T . p ir t r e h g n ir u d s c it s ir e t c a r a h c n o it a z il a u t c a
il t u o b a e g d e l w o n
k terary and psychology ,especially abou tcharacteirzaiton ,the
fl e s d n a s d e e n f o y h c r a r e i
h -actuailzi ng people .Fort her eader soft hist hesi ,s t hey
r i e h t g n il li fl u f m o r f d e z ir e t c a r a h c e r a y e h t w o h n o e g d e l w o n k e m o s n i a t b o y a m
m e h t e z il a u t c a o t w o h d n a s d e e
n selves .Thisr esearchi sexpectedt ogiver eference
e v i g l li w s l a ir e t a m d e n g i s e d e h T . s r e h c r a e s e r t x e n e h t r o f n o s ir a p m o c d n a
. n e v i g c i p o t e h t n i d e t s e r e t n i o h w s r e h c a e t h s il g n E r o f e c n e r e f e r
s m r e T f o n o it i n if e D . E
e h t d e if ir a l c r e h c r a e s e r e h t , g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m d n a n o i s u f n o c d i o v a o T
. y d u t s e h t n i d e s u s m r e t c if i c e p s
r e t c a r a h C . 1
n
I Merriam Webster’ sEncyclopedia o fLtierature (1995) ,characte ri s
a e v it p ir c s e d a s a d e n if e d s i ti , t s ri F . s n o it i n if e d e m o s n i d e t a t
s nalysi so fahuman
n i d e t n e s e r p s i t a h t y ti l a n o s r e p e n o o t s r e f e r r e t c a r a h c , e n o d n o c e s e h T . e u tr i v
. a m a r d r o n o it c
if The thrid de ifniiton o fcharacte ri san individua lo fdrama o r
. m r e t d n o c e s e h t n o s e s u c o f y d u t s s i h T . y a l p
n o it a z i r e t c a r a h C . 2
m o r
F A Handbook o f Ltierary Terms characteirzaiton deifne s a s the
d n a s e it il a u q n a m u h ’ s r e t c a r a h c e h t e t a c i n u m m o c n a c s r o h t u a e h t n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c
e h t d n a t s r e d n u o t s r e d a e r e h t d a e
l humant hemeporrtayedi nt hework .
fl e S .
3 -actuailza iton
a
M slow state s tha t “sefl-actuailzaiton i s the reailzaiton o f al l one’ s
d n a t s i e F ( ” d r o w e h t f o e s n e s l l u f e h t n i e v it a e r c e m o c e b o t e ri s e d a d n a , l a it n e t o p
o b s ’ r e l g e i Z d n a e ll e j H n I . ) 9 0 0 2 , t s i e
F ok (1976) , Maslow deifne s sefl
-g n i m o c e b f o e l b a p a c s i e n o t a h t g n i h t y r e v e e m o c e b o t e ri s e d e h t “ s a n o it a z il a u t c a
fl e s , h c r a e s e r s i h t n I .s d e e n n a m u h f o l e v e l t s e h g i h e h t s i tI . ) 3 7 3 . p (
“ -actuailzaiton
l a it n e t o p s ’ e n o e z i m it p o o t s r e f e
r ,s killandcreaitvtiyt obecomeonedesriet obe.
a l a M a p a J . 4
n
I Merriam Webster’ sOnilneDicitonary ,japa malai sdeifned a sase to f
e b r e y a r
p ad spopulari nI ndiaand Tibet . tIi scommonlymadef rom108bead .s I t
a rt n a m a g n it a e p e r y ll a t n e m r o , g n it n a h c , g n it i c e r e li h w t n u o c g n i p e e k r o f d e s u s i
r a l u c it r a p a f o s e m a n r
o divintiy ,apracitceknowni nSansk ir ta sjapa.
a g o Y . 5
o t g n i d r o c c
A Merriam Webster’ s Onilne Dicitonary, “yoga i sHindu
l a u ti ri p s t c e f r e p f o e t a t s a r o f s s e n s u o i c s n o c e h t g n i n i a rt t a d e m i a e n il p i c s i d
r h t d e v e i h c a s i t a h t y ti ll i u q n a rt d n a t h g i s n
i ough the three path s o f acitons ,
n o it o v e d d n a e g d e l w o n
g n it a v it l u
c one’ s human potenital ’ and ulitmately aimed a t achieving ‘sefl
-’. n o it a s il a e
r tIi ss eena sawayofl fier athert hanreilgiouspresupposiiton.
n o it a ti d e M . 6
n o d e s a
B Merriam Webster’ sOnilne Dicitonary ,medtiaiton is a p irvate
r o n o it o v e d s u o i g il e
r menta lexercise ,in which technique so fconcenrtaiton and
d e s u e r a n o it a l p m e t n o
8 I I R E T P A H C
E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O Y R O E H T
f o c i p o t e h t e z y l a n a o t d e s u e r a t a h t s e ir o e h t e h t h ti w s l a e d r e t p a h c s i h T
f o s t s i s n o c t r a p t s ri f e h T . s tr a p e e r h t o t n i d e d i v i d s i r e t p a h c s i h T . y d u t s s i h t
e h T d n a y r o e h T s d e e N f o y h c r a r e i H , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h C d n a r e t c a r a h C f o y r o e h T
fl e S f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h
C -actuailzing Person . The second par t i s Theoreitca l
. l e v o N e h t f o t x e t n o C s i tr a p d ri h t e h T . k r o w e m a r F
.
A Reviewo fRelatedTheories
.
1 Theoryo fcharacterandcharacteriza iton
a .Theoryo fCharacter
s i r e t c a r a h
C a n individual presented in a dramaitc o rnarraitve work a s
n i d e t a t
s A Glossary o fLtierature Terms ,9th Ediiton. Referirng to thi sbook , n
I . e s o r p a n i d e h c t e k s s i o h w n o s r e p f o e p y t a s a d e n if e d o s l a r e t c a r a h
c Merriam
e r u t a r e ti L f o a i d e p o l c y c n E s ’ r e t s b e
W (1995), characte r i s stated in some e h T . e u tr i v n a m u h a f o s i s y l a n a e v it p ir c s e d a s a d e n if e d s i t i , t s ri F . s n o it i n if e d
r o n o it c if n i d e t n e s e r p s i t a h t y ti l a n o s r e p e n o o t s r e f e r r e t c a r a h c , e n o d n o c e s
. a m a r
d Thet hriddeifniitono fcharacteri sani ndividua lo fdramaorplay. nS t ta on
) 5 6 9 1
( propose scharacte rast hei ndividual swhoappeari nt hes tory.
e k a m s r e t c a r a h c f o s n o it a e r c e h T . y r o t s a o d o h w s n o s r e p e r a s r e t c a r a h C
h g u o r h t y e v n o c o t s t n a w r o h t u a e h t t a h w e c n e ir e p x e d n a d n a t s r e d n u s r e d a e r e h t
. g n i e b n a m u h e h t f o n o it a t n e s e r p e r e h t s i r e t c a r a h c e c n i s s k r o w r i e h
i c s a t e n n e B d n a d l o n r
A tedi n AHandbooko fLtieraryTerm ,s “thef oundaiton o f r
e t c a r a h c s i n o it c if d o o
g -creaiton and nothing else” .Theevent so fastory would .
d e v l o v n i s r e t c a r a h c e h t m o r f y ll a r u t a n w o lf
b .Theoryo fCharacteriza iton
m o r
F A Handbook o f Ltierary Terms characteirzaiton deifne s a s a a
h c g n i y a rt r o p f o e u q i n h c e
t racte rin a work .Henkle (1977 ,p .86 )state stha t
n a m u h ’ s r e t c a r a h c e h t e t a c i n u m m o c n a c s r o h t u a e h t n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c h g u o r h t
n i d e y a rt r o p e m e h t n a m u h e h t d n a t s r e d n u o t s r e d a e r e h t d a e l d n a s e it il a u
q the
. k r o w
9 0 0 2 ( n o s n h o J d n a p r
A , p . 62 ) propose two kind s o f character s
s n o it a t n e s e r
p .They are d riec tpresentaiton and indriec tpresentaiton .In driec t
t a h w , r e t c a r a h c a t u o b a s r e d a e r e h t g n il l e t t u o t h g ir e m o c s r o h t u a e h t , n o it a t n e s e r p
a r e t c a r a h c e h
t re ilke drieclty o r from othe r characters . Whlie in indriec t
o t s d e e n r e d a e r e h T . e k il s i r e t c a r a h c e h t w o h s w o h s y l n o r o h t u a e h t , n o it a t n e s e r p
r e t c a r a h c e h t t a h w , s e o d r e t c a r a h c e h t t a h w g n i z y l a n a y b r e t c a r a h c e h t t u o e r u g if
w r e t c a r a h c r e h t o m o r f r o s y a
s hodescirbe she ro rhi .s
, t s ri F . r e t c a r a h c a d n a t s r e d n u o t s y a w e n i n s t s e g g u s ) 1 6 1 . p , 2 7 9 1 ( y h p r u M
e h t m o r f r e t c a r a h c s ’ e n o f o n o it p ir c s e d e m o s t e g n a c e
w persona ldescirpitonst ha t
.r o h t u a n a y b n e v i g e r
a The autho rmay descirbe one’ sappearance sand the
s e h t o l
c .Theappearance sdea lwtihwha twecans ees uchast hebulid,t hef ace,t he
d n a , s e s s e r d r e t c a r a h c e h t w o h , r a c s e h t ,s d n a h e h t ,r i a h e h t ,r u o l o c n i k s e h t ,s e y e
. s e h t o l c s i h r o r e h f o e l y t s e h
h
t rough ou rsigh tonly bu talso from t hesense o fsmelilng ,senseo fheairng and
h
t esenseoft ouching .Thecharacte rmaybepresentedbyhi ssmell ,hi sodour ,hi s
. o o t d n u o s s i h d n a h c u o t
f o d a e t s n I “ . r e h t o n a y b n e e s s a r e t c a r a h c e h t m o r f s i d n o c e s e h T
d n a s e y e e h t h g u o r h t m i h e b ir c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h t y lt c e ri d r e t c a r a h c a g n i b ir c s e d
t a h w d n a s e e s r e h t o n a t a h w , r e v e w o H . ” ) 2 6 1 . p , y h p r u M ( r e h t o n a f o s n o i n i p o
n o i n i p o r e h r o s i h d n a t h g i s r e h r o s i h e c n i s e u rt s y a w l a t o n l li w s k n i h t r e h t o n a
s i h y b s e c n e u lf n
i o rhe remoiton .sI tcanbeaffectedf romcetrainconfilctt hatt hey
s i t I . s m o t s u c r i e h t d n a d n u o r g k c a b l a c it il o p r i e h t , s u o i g il e r r i e h t s a h c u s e v a h
d n a s e y e e h t m o r f r e t c a r a h c s ’ e n o g n ir r e f n i n i s g n i h t e s e h t r e d i s n o c o t t n a tr o p m i
.r e h t o n a f o s n o i n i p o
h
T et hrid i sf romt hespeech .Peoplecommunicateeachothe rwtih speech .
d n a s y a s e h s r o e h t a h w h g u o r h t n o s r e p s ’ e n o f o r e t c a r a h c e h t s t n e s e r p r o h t u a e h T
r o e u g o l a i d y r e v e n i e u l c e h t g n i v i g s i r e t c a r a h c e h T . s k a e p s e h s r o e h w o h
v n i e h s r o e h n o it a s r e v n o
c olved .I tcan be dialogue wtih him o rwtih another .
o i c o s d n a n o it a c u d e s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t r e f n i n a c e w , s y a s r e t c a r a h c e n o t a h w m o r
F
-g n i k n i h t s i r e t c a r a h c e h t t a h w d n if o s l a n a c e w , r e v o e r o M . d n u o r g k c a b l a r u tl u c
c e W . s e k il s i d r o s e k il r e t c a r a h c e h t t a h w d n
a an seehe ro rhi semoiton from t he
. d e s u e h s r o e h t a h t e n o t
o t s e u l c e v i g l li w e fi l t s a p r e t c a r a h c e h T . e fi l t s a p m o r f s i h tr u o f e h T
m o r f d e l a e v e r s i s i h T . r e t c a r a h c s ’ e n o d e p a h s e v a h t a h t s t n e v
e thedriec tcommen t
h t r e t c a r a h c s ’ e n o r o r o h t u a e h t y
b oughtt hrough t heconversaiton ort hrough t he
a o t s e u l c e v i g l li w r o h t u a e h T . s r e h t o f o n o it a s r e v n o c e h t m o r f s i h tf if e h T
y a s y e h t s g n i h t e h t d n a e l p o e p r e h t o f o s n o it a s r e v n o c e h t h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c s ’ e n o
p n e h W . r e t c a r a h c s ’ e n o t u o b
a eoplet hinkabou tothe,rt heyo tfengiveclue sabou t
. t u o b a g n i k l a t e r a y e h t t a h t r e t c a r a h c s ’ e n o
s ’ e n o o t e u l c a s u e v i g o s l a n a c r o h t u a e h T . n o it c a e r e h t m o r f s i h t x i s e h T
. s t n e v e d n a s n o it a u ti s s u o ir a v o t s t c a e r e h s r o e h w o h h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h
c The
a e
r d ers can revea lone’ scharacte rfrom how he o rshe react swhen they are
s s e rt s d n a d e t a rt s u r
f e . d Therefore,t hrought hisr eacitont her eader scanunderstand
. r e t c a r a h c e h t f o s e it il a u q l a r o m e h t d n a l a t n e m e h t
h t u a e h T . t n e m m o c t c e ri d m o r f s i h t n e v e s e h
T o rcandescirbeo rcommen t
n i n o s r e p f o d n i k t a h w d n a t s r e d n u y li s a e s r e d a e r e h T . y lt c e ri d r e t c a r a h c s ’ e n o n o
. t n e m m o c t c e ri d e h t h g u o r h t l e v o n e h t
e g d e l w o n k t c e ri d s r e d a e r e h t s e v i g r o h t u a e h T . t h g u o h t m o r f s i h t h g i e e h T
t o n o d e W . s i h t o d t o n n a c e w e fi l l a e r n I .t u o b a g n i k n i h t s i r e t c a r a h c e n o t a h w f o
n i ,r e v e w o H . t u o b a g n i k n i h t e r a e l p o e p t a h w w o n
k anove lweare ilke ilsteningt o
e t c a r a h c e h t t a h
w rt hough.t
The ninth i sfrom manneirsm .The autho rdesc irbe sone’ smanneirsm ,
r e t c a r a h c s ’ e n o t u o b a g n i h t e m o s s u l l e t o s l a y a m h c i h w s e i s a r c n y s o i d i r o s ti b a h
.s e v a h e b e h s r o e h w o h m o r f r e t c a r a h c s ’ e n o r e f n i ll i w r e d a e r e h T . ) 3 7 1 . p (
l s a M m a h a r b A .
2 ow’ sHierarchyo fNeed sTheory
w o l s a M . d e ll if l u f e b o t s d e e n y n a m e v a h e l p o e
P argues thati ncompleitng
. ) 0 0 0 2 , l a t e n a m f f u H ( s d e e n r i e h t n o y ti r o ir p e k a m l li w y e h t s d e e n r u
e s o p o r
p s tha thuman desrie sarearranged i n a hierarchy o fp irortiy .Heexplain s
d e if s it a s e b t s u m s d e e n r e g n o rt s t a h
t before an individua lcan move on to the .
s d e e n r e h g i
h Hedevelopsa ifve-leve lhierarchyo fneed .sI tcover sphysiologica l
, m o tt o b e h t t a s d e e
n thens afetyneed ,sf ollowedbybelongingnes sandl oveneeds ,
t x e n e h
t leve li sesteem needs ,and sefl-actuailzaiton need so rthe need sfo r
. p o t e h t t a t n e m li fl u f l a n o s r e p
l a c i s y h p r o f s d e e n n a m u h c i s a b t s o m e h t e r a s d e e n l a c i g o l o i s y h P
i v r u
s val . Fo r example , they are need fo r food , need fo r d irnk , need fo r
l a c i g o l o i s y h p e s e h T . p e e l s r o f d e e n d n a , n e g y x
o need saredrieclty concerned .
m s i n a g r o e h t f o e c n a n e t n i a m l a c i g o l o i b h ti w
n e h t , d e if s it a s n e e b e v a h s d e e n l a c i g o l o i s y h p e h t r e tf
A individuals wli l
n y t e f a s e r a y e h T . s d e e n f o l e v e l r e h g i h e h t h ti w n r e c n o
c eed ssuch a sphysically
, r a w e k il s e c r o f g n i n e t a e r h t m o r f m o d e e r f d n a n o it c e t o r p , y c n e d n e p e d , y ti r u c e s
.s s e n ll i d n a m s ir o r r e t
e h t e k il s d e e n e v o l d n a s s e n g n i g n o l e b e h t s i l e v e l l a c i h c r a r e i h d ri h t e h T
e n e s e h T . d o o h r u o b h g i e n a r o y li m a f a o t g n o l e b o t d e e
n ed sairse when the
. d e ll if l u f n e e b e v a h s d e e n y t e f a s d n a s d e e n l a c i g o l o i s y h
p Infuflliilngtheseneed s
e v l o v n i s d e e n e s e h T . t c a t n o c n a m u h d n a x e s e d u l c n i ll i w l a u d i v i d n i n a s e m it e m o s
s d e e n e v o l e h T . r e h t o h ti w s p i h s n o it a l e r r o f r e g n u
h do no tequa l to sexua lneed s
.) 3 0 3 . p , 1 8 9 1 , ir t e P
(
fl e s e h t e r a s d e e n g n i w o ll o f e h
T -esteemneeds .Thesei ncludesefl-respec,t
m e h t d l o h s r e h t o t a h t e g d e l w o n k e h t d n a , e c n e t e p m o c , e c n e d if n o
c in high esteem
n o s r e p a e m a f r o , n o it i n g o c e r , e g it s e r p e h t f o n o it p e c r e p e h t s i tI . n o it a t u p e r d e ll a c
fl e s s i d n o c e s e h T . s r e h t o f o s e y e e h t n i d e v e i h c a s a
h -esteem mfro individual’ s
. e c n e t e p m o c l a e r e h t n o d e s a b s i tI . e c n e d if n o c d n a h tr o w f o s g n il e e f n w
o
fl e s h ti w s l a e d s i s e h t s i h t e c n i
S -actuailzaiton ,the highes tstage on the
s d e e
n -hierarchy,t hedetalied descirpitonwli lbepresentedasf ollow:
fl e S f o n o it i n if e D .
a -actuailza iton
fl e
S -actuailzaiton i st he ifnall eve lof t hehierarchy o fneeds .Theseneed s
r o f r u o f e h t r e tf a d e if s it a s e b l li
w me r need shave been fuliflled . When an e
h t e u s r u p l li w y e h t ,s d e e n r e w o l ri e h t t e m e v a h l a u d i v i d n
i highe rleve lo fneeds .
e h t m o r f t n e r e f fi d s i s d e e n e s e h t li fl u f o t e ri s e d e h
T previou slevel so fneeds .An
y b d e t a v it o m e b l li w l a u d i v i d n
i beingneeds o rB-mo itvaitons .These B-mo itve s fl
e s e h T . s s e n d o o g d n a , y t u a e b , y t s e n o h , h t u rt s a h c u s s e u l a v e r
a -actuailzaiton
fl e s e d u l c n i s d e e
n -fuflliment ,the reailzaiton o f one’ s potenita l and desrie to
it a e r c e m o c e
b ve. In othe r words , sefl-actuailzed individua l are no longe r
i c if e d y b d e t a v it o
m encie sinstead moitvated t o grow and becomeal lheo rshe i s f
o e l b a p a
c becoming( Pert,i1981 ,p .305) .Theseneed swillmoitvatei ndividualt o
d n a p x
e thei rablitiy,t alent ,capactiyandpotenitaltiy .
fl e S f o s c it s i r e t c a r a h C .
b -actua ilzingPeople
e v e il e b w o l s a
M s tha tal lhumanhavet hepotenitalf ors efl- actuailzaiton
, t s i e F d n a t s i e F
r e m r o f r u o f e h t d e if s it a
s need sregulalry .Maslow i denitife ssome characteirsitc s
fl e s f
o -actuailzingpeople .Theyareasf o llowedbelow:
e r u t a N d n a s r e h t O , fl e S f o e c n a t p e c c A ) 1
fl e
S -actuailzingpeoplecanacceptt hemselves ,other sandnaturea st he
e r a y e h t y a
w . flS - ue act ailzingpeopleareno tworiredandcomplainingaboutt hei r
n k a e
w esse sandtherii mperfecitons .Heors heacceptt hei rnaturea stii s .
fl e
S -actuailzer od se regre twtih thei rnegaitve characteirsitc stha tcan be
, r e p m e t f o s s o l , s s e n i z a l s a h c u s e v o r p m
i though ltessness , and jealousy . c
s e s s e n k a e w e s e h t w o h g n i d n a t s r e d n
U an bet hei robstaclef ort hei rdevelopment ,
t e v o r p m i o t y rt l li w y e h
t hemselve sto be bette rperson .Thei rfaliure wli lno t
v i g s e v l e s m e h t e k a
m e upbutt heycanl earnhowt oge toverf romt herif aliureand
. n i a g a m e l b o r p e m a s e h t n o l i a f o t t o n
y ti e n a t n o p S ) 2
fl e
S -actuailzi ngpeoplet ends tobespontaneousi n both t hei rthought sand .
s n o it c
a He o rshe expresse s thei remoiton sand t hough tin openly and drieclty .
fl e
S -actuailzer si highly ethica lperson.Heo rshei sbehavingaccordingly t o t hei r
n a h t r e h t a r s y a w n w
o society usually does .I tmake ss -eflactuailzi ng people i s
3 )ProblemCentring
fl e
S -actuailzing people g s ive thei r atteniton to the problem s outside s
d n a p x e c it s ir e t c a r a h c s i h T . s e v l e s m e h
t hi s o r her purpose o f ilving . S -efl
r e z il a u t c
a g s ive concern son t hei rwork .Heo rshe ese shi sor rh e job no tmerely
n r a e o t s n a e m a s
a money for ilving bu the o rshe can see job a sa mean sto
p o l e v e
d especiallyhi so rhe rtalen ton ti .
4 )Detachment
9 0 0 2 ( t s i e F d n a t s i e
F ,p .292 )state tha tsefl-actualizing people has a f
o y ti l a u
q detachment t ha tallows t hem t o be alone wtihou tbeing l onely .H re o
s e o d e h
s no tdepend onotheri n ordert ogett hei rsaitsfaciton .Heo rsheremains
x a l e
r andcomfor twhethe raloneo rwtihother .
fl e
S -actuailzers behaviours are srtongly sefl- edri cted and sefl-cen rted by
s n a e
m they are no tbothered by wha tother sexpected from them. They tend to
. s n o it a u ti s ri e h t f o n o it a t e r p r e t n i n w o r i e h t n o s u c o f
5 )Autonomy:I ndependenceo fCutlureandEnvironment
fl e
S -actuailzing people i s independent .S -efl actuailzers are able to use
r i e h
t potenitailite sfo rgrowthanddevelopmen twtihou tdependingont hephysica l
o f e r e h T . t n e m n o ri v n e l a i c o s d n
a re, t hey haveahigh degree o fs -efl drieciton and
6 )Con itnuedFreshnes so fApprecia iton
fl e
S -actuailzer sshowt hei rappreciaitont ot hei rexpeirence swtihnewness , h
t s e n it u o r l a u s a c r i e h t t s u j e s o h t h g u o h tl a e r u s a e l p d n
a a t they have done
a w l a e r a y e h T . y l d e t a e p e
r y sgratefulf o rwhatt heyhaveandwhatt heyexpeirence .
y b d e ti c s
A Feis tand Feis t(2009) ,Maslow stated tha t“sefl-actuailzing people
o t y ti c a p a c l u fr e d n o w e h t e v a
h appreciate again and again ,freshly and naively ,
, e fi l f o s d o o g c i s a b e h
t wtihawe ,pleasure ,wonder ,andevenectasy”( p .293 .)
7) ThePeakExperiences
n e t n i f o s t n e m o m o t s r e f e r m r e t s i h
T seexctiemen tandhight ensiona swel l
e l b m u h e r o m h t o b l e e f y e h T . s s e n l u f s s il b d n a s s e n l u f e c a e p , n o it a x a l e r f o e s o h t s a
. e m it e m a s e h t t a l u fr e w o p e r o m d n
a
8 )SocialI nterest
fl e
S -actuailzingpeopleposses shighs ociali nterest .Heors hehas akindo f
n e v e e l p o e p r e h t o d r a w o t e d u ti tt a g n ir a
c srtangers .Maslow state ss -eflactuailzer a
h s genuine interest i n helping other seven t hough t hey are srtanger sa swel la s
s d n e ir
f (Feis tandFeist ,2006,p .292) .
9)I nterpersona lRela itons
fl e
S -actuailzingpeoplef orms qutiedeepandi ntensepersona lrelaitonship .
s i e h s r o e
H more i ncilned t o associate closely wtih other so fsimlia rcharacter ,
0
1 )Democra itcCharacterStructure
fl e
S -actuailzers basically respec tal lpersons .They are wliilng to learn e
h T . m e h t h c a e t o t e l b a s i o h w y d o b y n a m o r
f y rtea tal lhumanbeingequally.
1
1 )Discrimina itonbetweenMean sandEnds
fl e
S -actuailzer shave the ablitiy t o dfiferenitate between end sand mean s
. s d n e r i e h t g n i v e i h c a r o
f They enjoy the mean swhich are the processe s o f
l a o g r i e h t g n i u s r u
p s .Fu trhermore ,they show les sconfusion ,inconsistency ,and
t c il f n o
c thancommonpeopleusuallydoabou twhati s irght ,o rgoodo rbad .
2
1 )Senseo fPhliosophica lHumour
fl e
S -actuailzer s have f irendly sense o f humour . They do joke
g n i k o v o r p s i ti , s u h T . y e v n o c o t g n i h t e m o s s a h s y a w l a e k o j ri e h T . y l s u o e n a t n o p s
.r e t h g u a l o t n i t s r u b o t n a h t r e h t a r e li m s o t r e h t o
3
1 )Crea itveness
e h s s e n e v it a e r
C rede ifne sast hewaypeopleperceiveandr eactt o thei r
y li a d r i e h t n i s r a e p p a y ti v it a e r c s i h T . e fi
l lfiea sanexpression oft hei rpersonaltiy
.s u o e n a t n o p s d n a e v it p e c r e p s i h c i h w
4
1 )Resistancet oEncutlura iton
h s a d e b ir c s e d s i c it s ir e t c a r a h c s i h
T aving sense o fdetachmen tfrom the
t o n s e o d t I . y a w r a l u c it r a p a d n e c s n a rt o t g n i d n u o r r u
r e v e w o H . l a i c o s it n a e r a e l p o e
p ,when a speciifc issue arouse they wli llook fo r
c o s t s i s e r o t e g n a h c l a i c o
s iety’ sattempt sto encu tlurate them based on thei r
. s m o t s u c e h t t s n i a g a t u o h ti w d r a d n a t s
.
B Theoreitca lFramework
e m o s s e s u r e h c r a e s e r e h t , s n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t r e w s n a o t r e d r o n I
ir o e h t e h T . s e ir o e h
t e stha thave been w irtten in the previou sp atr are used to
e h c r a e s e r e h t tr o p p u
s r’ sanswerst ot hoseproblemf ormulaitons .
" s i n o it s e u q t s ri f e h
T How i h st emajo rcharacter ,Eilzabeth, porrtayed i n l a e v e r o t d e s u e b l li w n o it a z ir e t c a r a h C d n a r e t c a r a h C f o y r o e h T e h T ” ? l e v o n t a h t
s s e c o r p e h t n i r e h c r a e s e r e h t e d i u g l li w y r o e h t s i h T . n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c s ’ h t e b a z il E
. s e ir o e h t e s o h t n o d e s a b s t c e p s a y n a m h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t g n i s y l a n a f o
s y a w e n i n f o s y a w n e v e s s e k a t h c r a e s e r s i h
T o fcharacteirzaiton .They
