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EM BANGAN WAWASAN
KEBANGSAAN
DI KALANGAN
GENERASI
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Tinjauan Terhadap Peran Agama Sebagai Sumber Motivasi Perjuangan
O l e h :
Gin an dj ar Kartasas m ita
M e n t e r i N e g a r a P e r e n c a n a a n P e m b a n g u n a n N a s i o n a l / K e t u a B a p p e n a s i i - i . , : . i l : e , ---_ D i s a m p a i k a n p a d a S a r a s e h a n A n g k a t a n M u d a P e m b a h a r u a n I n d o n e s i a ( A M P I ) J a k a r t a , 2 2 F e b r u a r i 1 9 9 5
PENGEMBANGAN
WAWASAN KEBANGSAAN
DI KALANGAN
GENERASI
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Tinjauan Terhadap Peran Agama
Sebagai Sumber Motivasi Perjuangan
Oleh:
G in a n dja r Ka rtasa sm ita
Menteri Negara Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/ Ketua Bappenas l . P e n d a h u l u a n P e r t a m a - t a m a s a y a in g i n m e m u l a i d e n g a n m e m a n j a t k a n s y u k u r a l h a m d u l l i l l a h , k a r e n a k i t a m e n d a p a t k e s e m p a t a n u n t u k b e r k u m p u l p a d a m a l a m h a r i y a n g b e r b a h a g i a i n i , p a d a b a g i a n k e t i g a d a n t e r a k h i r d a l a m ra n g k a i a n i b a d a h p u a s a k i t a d i b u l a n s u c i R a m a d h a n . T i d a k l a i n y a n g k i t a h a r a p k a n s e m u a a m a l d a n i b a d a h k i t a d i t e r i m a A l l a h S W T . S a y a s u n g g u h b e r b e s a r h a t i b a h w a d a l a m k e s e m p a t a n a c a r a b e r b u k a p u a s a b e r s a m a i n i , A M P I m e n y e l e n g g a r a k a n s a r a s e h a n y a n g t u j u a n n y a t i d a k l a i n u n t u k m e n i n g k a t k a n p e n g a m a l a n k i t a d a l a m m e m b a n g u n b a n g s a y a n g k i t a c i n t a i i n i . T e m a s a r a s e h a n i n i a d a l a h " p e n g e m b a n g a n w a w a s a n k e b a n g s a a n , t e r u t a m a g e n e r a s i m u d a , d e n g a n ti n j a u a n te r h a -d a p p e r a n a g a m a , s e b a g a i s u m b e r m o t i v a s i p e r j u a n g a n " .
S e t i a p p e m b a h a s a n m e n g e n a i w a w a s a n k e b a n g s a a n a m a t l a h m e n a r i k , d a n k i t a ti d a k b o l e h h e n t i - h e n t i n y a m e n g k a j i m a s a l a h i n i , a g a r ti d a k te r l e n a d a n l e n g a h , s e h i n g g a t e r h a n y u t d a l a m a r u s y a n g m e n g a l i h k a n k i t a d a r i h a k i k a t k i t a b e r b a n g s a . K a l a u k i t a s e r i n g m e m b a h a s n y a , t u j u a n n y a ti d a k l a i n a d a l a h u n t u k s e n a n t i a s a m e n y e g a r k a n , m e m a n t a p k a n , d a n m e m p e r -k u a t r a s a -k e b a n g s a a n k i t a , d a n d e n g a n d e m i k i a n , k o m i t m e n k i t a k e p a d a k e j a y a a n d a n k e s e j a h t e r a a n b a n g s a d a n n e g a r a . K u r a n g le b i h s e t a h u n y a n g l a l u , G o l o n g a n K a r y a te l a h m e n y e l e n g g a r a k a n s a r a s e h a n n a s i o n a l m e n g e n a i W a w a s a n K e b a n g s a a n , d i t i n j a u d a r i b e r b a g a i a s p e k . S a y a ju g a d i m i n t a m e n y a m p a i k a n p a n d a n g a n - p a n d a n g a n s a y a . P a d a k e s e m -p a t a n i n i -p o k o k - -p o k o k -p i k i r a n y a n g s a y a s a m -p a i k a n -p a d a w a k t u i t u a k a n s a y a k e m u k a k a n k e m b a l i d i s e s u a i k a n d e n g a n t e m a k i t a m a l a n ' l i n i .
ll. Beberapa pokok pengertian
R a s a n y a s e t i a p o r a n g m e m i l i k i r a s a k e b a n g s a a n , d a n m e m i -l i k i w a w a s a n k e b a n g s a a n d a l a m p e r a s a a n a t a u p u n p i k i r a n , p a l i n g tidak dalam hati nuraninya. M e m a n g , ra s a k e b a n g s a a n i t u s e p e r t i s e s u a t u y a n g dapat dirasakan t a p i s u l i t d i p a h a m i . N a m u n , a d a g e t a r a n h a t i d a n r e s o n a n s i p i k i r a n a n t a r k i t a t a t -k a l a r a s a -k e b a n g s a a n -k i t a t e r s e n t u h d a n t e r p a n g g i l . R a s a k e b a n g s a a n b i s a t i m b u l d a n t e r p e n d a m s e c a r a b e r b e d a d a r i o r a n g p e r o r a n g d e n g a n n a l u r i k e j u a n g a n n y a m a s i n g - m a s i n g . R a s a k e b a n g s a a n a d a l a h k e s a d a r a n b e r b a n g s a , y a i t u r a s a p e r s a t u a n d a n k e s a t u a n y a n g lahir karena a d a n y a k e b e r
s a m a a n s o s i a l y a n g t u m b u h d a r i k e b u d a y a a n , s e j a r a h , d a n a s p i r a s i p e r j u a n g a n m a s a la m p a u , s e r t a k e b e r s a m a a n d a l a m m e n g h a d a p i t a n t a n g a n s e j a r a h m a s a k i n i . D i n a m i s a s i r a s a k e b a n g s a a n i n i , d a l a m m e n c a p a i c i t a c i t a b a n g s a , b e r k e m -b a n g m e n j a d i w a w a s a n k e -b a n g s a a n . R a s i o n a l i s a s i r a s a d a n w a w a s a n k e b a n g s a a n a k a n m e l a h i r k a n s u a t u p a h a m y a n g d i s e b u t n a s i o n a l i s m e a t a u p a h a m k e b a n g s a a n , y a i t u p i k i r a n -p i k i r a n y a n g b e r s i f a t n a s i o n a l d i m a n a s u a t u b a n g s a m e m i l i k i c i t a - c i t a k e h i d u p a n d a n t u j u a n n a s i o n a l y a n g j e l a s . B e r d a s a r k a n r a s a d a n p a h a m k e b a n g s a a n te r s e b u t , t i m b u l s e -m a n g a t k e b a n g s a a n y a n g memiliki c i r i k h a s , y a i t u r e l a b e r k o r -b a n d e m i k e p e n t i n g a n t a n a h a i r , a t a u s e m a n g a t p a t r i o t i s m e . W a w a s a n k e b a n g s a a n m e n g a n d u n g p u l a t u n t u t a n s u a t u b a n g s a u n t u k m e w u j u d k a n j a t i dirinya, s e r t a m e n g e m b a n g k a n t a t a l a k u n y a s e b a g a i b a n g s a y a n g m e y a k i n i n i l a i - n i l a i l u h u r b u d a y a n y a , y a n g l a h i r d a n t u m b u h s u b u r s e b a g a i p e n j e l m a a n k e p r i b a d i a n n y a . W a w a s a n k e b a n g s a a n m e n y a n g k u t , b u k a n h a n y a a s p e k p o l i t i k saja, tetapi meliputi segenap aspek kehidupan. Di s a m p i n g s e b a g a i k o n s e p p o l i t i k , i a j u g a m e r u p a k a n k o n s e p e k o n o m i d a n k o n s e p b u d a y a . K o n s e p k e b a n g s a a n i t u d i n a m i s a d a n y a . D a l a m k e d i n a -m i s a n n y a , a n t a r p a n d a n g a n k e b a n g s a a n d a r i s u a t u b a n g s a d e n g a n la i n n y a s a l i n g b e r i n t e r a k s i d a n s a l i n g m e m p e n g a r u h i . D e n g a n p e r b e n t u r a n b u d a y a d a n k e m u d i a n t e r j a d i b e r m e t a -m o r f o s a d a l a -m c a -m p u r a n b u d a y a d a n s i n t e s a n y a it u -m a k a d e r a j a t k e b a n g s a a n s u a t u b a n g s a m e n j a d i d i n a m i s d a n s e n a n -t i a s a -tu m b u h b e r k e m b a n g .
N a m u n , b e t a p a d i n a m i s n y a p u n , b e t a p a ja u h p u n p e r -k e m b a n g a n n y a , h a k i k a t k e b a n g s a a n t i d a k p e r n a h s i r n a , y a i t u k e t e r k a i t a n d a n k e t e r i k a t a n k e p a d a t a n a h a i r . P a n d a n g a n a t a u s i k a p k e b a n g s a a n m e m a n g d a p a t m e n g a l a m i p a s a n g s u r u t . B i a s a n y a i n t e n s i t a s n y a m e n i n g k a t p a d a s a a t n e g a r a m e n g h a d a p i a n c a m a n , a t a u d i r a s a k a n a d a a n c a m a n , b a i k y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i l u a r m a u p u n d a r i d a l a m . S e b a l i k n y a , ia s e a k a n - a k a n s u r u t b i l a k e a d a a n "b a i k - b a i k " s a j a . B a h k a n s e r i n g k a l i a d a k e s a n d i p a n d a n g m e n j a d i ti d a k t e r l a l u re l e v a n .
Karena adanya sikap complaisant serupa itu, ffidka rasa d a n s e m a n g a t k e b a n g s a a n h a r u s k i t a j a g a a g a r s e n a n t i a s a m e n y a l a d a l a m d i r i k i t a .
lll, Tantangan Bagi Generasi Muda
K i t a t i d a k b o l e h b e r s i k a p a c u h t a k a c u h m e n g e n a i w a w a s a n k e b a n g s a a n . K i t a m e m a n g m e r a s a k a n a d a n y a i s y a r a t - i s y a r a t k e p r i h a t i n a n d a r i b e r b a g a i u n g k a p a n d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t m e n g e n a i m a s a l a h i n i . l s y a r a t - i s y a r a t t e r s e b u t d a p a t d i r a n g k a i d a l a m ti g a k e l o m p o k t a n t a n g a n . P e r t a m a , a d a k e s a n s e a k a n - a k a n s e m a n g a t k e b a n g s a a n t e l a h m e n d a n g k a l a t a u t e r j a d i e r o s i t e r u t a m a d i k a l a n g a n g e n e r a s i m u d a . S e r i n g k a l i d i s e b u t b a h w a s i f a t m a t e r i a l i s t i s , t e l a h m e n g g a n t i k a n i d e a l i s m e y a n g m e r u p a k a n s u k m a n y a k e b a n g s a a n .
K e d u a , a d a k e k h a w a t i r a n a n c a m a n d i s i n t e g r a s i k e b a n g -s a a n , d e n g a n m e l i h a t g e j a l a y a n g terjadi di berbagai n e g a r a , t e r u t a m a y a n g a m a t m e n c e k a m a d a l a h k e j a d i a n d i Y u g o s l a -v i a , d i b e k a s U n i S o -v y e t , d a n j u g a d i n e g a r a - n e g a r a l a i n n y a s e p e r t i d i A f r i k a , d i m a n a p a h a m k e b a n g s a a n m e r o s o t m e n j a -d i p a h a m k e a g a m a a n d a n k e s u k u a n . K e t i g a , a d a k e p r i h a t i n a n a d a n y a u p a y a u n t u k m e l a r u t k a n p a n d a n g a n h i d u p b a n g s a k e d a l a m p o l a p i k i r y a n g a s i n g u n t u k b a n g s a i n i . M e n g e n a i y a n g p e r t a m a , k i t a d a p a t m e l i h a t n y a d a r i d u a s i s i . P a d a d a s a r n y a s a y a b e r p e n d a p a t b a h w a g e j a l a y a n g d i k h a w a t i r k a n it u s e b e n a r n y a l e b i h m e n c e r m i n k a n p e r k e m -b a n g a n g a y a h i d u p . C a r a -b e r p a k a i a n , l a g u - l a g u , m a k a n a n , b a h a s a , b a h k a n s i k a p s e h a r i - h a r i s e r i n g k a l i m e n c e r m i n k a n " g a y a hidup internasional", t e r u t a m a d i p e r k o t a a n . P e n i n g -k a t a n ta r a f h i d u p , g l o b a l i s a s i , d a n a r u s in f o r m a s i m e n y e b a b -k a n t e r j a d i n y a h a l it u .
Di lain pihak, kita juga jangan meng-under estimafe erosi
b u d a y a y a n g s e d a n g te r j a d i y a n g m e n y e r t a i p r o s e s k e t e r b u -k a a n m a s y a r a -k a t d a n d a m p a k n y a p a d a nilai-nilai k u l t u r a l y a n g m e r u p a k a n n i l a i - n i l a i p o k o k kebangsaan. H a l i n i h a r u s b e n a r -b e n a r k i t a p e l a j a r i s e c a r a m e n d a l a m , t i d a k h a n y a o l e h p a r a i l m u w a n s o s i a l , te t a p i ju g a g e n e r a s i m u d a s e n d i r i . G e n e r a s i m u d a h a r u s b i s a m e n g a d a k a n a n a l i s i s m e n g e n a i a p a y a n g s e d a n g t e r j a d i p a d a d i r i n y a , a p a m a s a l a h - m a s a l a h y a n g d i h a d a p i d a l a m p r o s e s p e r u b a h a n y a n g s e d a n g b e r l a n g s U n g , d a n m e n e m u k a n c a r a y a n g t e r b a i k u n t u k m e n g a t a s i m a s a l a h -m a s a l a h t e r s e b u t .
H a s i l a k h i r n y a , h a r u s s e n a n t i a s a k e m b a l i k e p a d a j a t i diri k i t a s e b a g a i b a n g s a , s e h i n g g a p r o s e s t r a n f o r m a s i k u l t u r a l k e a r a h te r b e n t u k n y a b a n g s a y a n g modern, j u s t r u akan memper-k u a t s i memper-k a p d a n s e m a n g a t memper-k e b a n g s a a n d a n b u k a n m e m p e r l e -m a h . M e n g e n a i k e k h a w a t i r a n y a n g k e d u a , s e j a k s e m u l a k i t a t a h u b a h w a b a n g s a in i s a n g a t m a j e m u k , s a n g a t b h i n n e k a . K a r e n a i t u , a d a S u m p a h P e m u d a . K a r e n a i t u a d a s e m b o y a n B h i n n e k a T u n g g a l l k a . K i t a ta h u d a n d a r i s e j a r a h t e l a h b e l a j a r b e t a p a k e m a j e m u k a n i t u d a p a t m e n d o r o n g d i v e r g e n s i y a n g d e n g a n s u s a h p a y a h t e l a h k i t a a t a s i s e h i n g g a k i t a t e t a p m e n j a d i b a n g s a y a n g utuh. D i l a i n p i h a k , k i t a m e m p u n y a i k e y a k i n a n b a h w a d i s a m p i n g a d a p o t e n s i d i v e r g e n s i , k e m a j e m u k a n a t a u k e b h i n n e k a a n j u g a merupakan p o t e n s i k e k u a t a n y a n g b e s a r b a g i s u a t u b a n g s a . A d a n y a u n s u r - u n s u r y a n g berbeda jika d a p a t d i h i m p u n a k a n m e n g h a s i l k a n k e k u a t a n y a n g l e b i h b e s a r , d a r i p a d a h a n y a te r d i r i d a r i u n s u r - u n s u r y a n g seragam. O l e h k a r e n a it u , s a y a b e r p a n d a n g a n t i d a k p a d a te m p a t n y a , d a n t i d a k m e n c e r m i n k a n p a n d a n g a n k e b a n g s a a n k i t a , k a r e n a b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n h u k u m a l a m , ji k a k i t a m e n u t u p m a t a a k a n a d a n y a p e r b e d a a n d a n b e r t i n d a k s e a k a n - a k a n b a n g s a I n d o n e s i a a d a l a h h o m o g e n , t i d a k a d a p e r b e d a a n s u k u , a g a m a , a t a u e t n i s . D a n b u k a n i t u p u l a p e n g e r t i a n k e b a n g -s a a n y a n g d i k e h e n d a k i p a r a p e n d i r i R e p u b l i k i n i . D i l a i n p i h a k , sangat bertentangan pula dengan rasa kebangsaan u n t u k m e m p e r t a j a m p e r b e d a a n y a n g a d a . Y a n g b e n a r , m e n u r u t p a n d a n g a n s a y a , a d a l a h m e n g e n a l i a d a n y a
k e m a j e m u k a n , d a n m e m a d u k a n s e r t a m e m a n f a a t k a n n y a s e b a g a i k e k u a t a n y a n g a m p u h u n t u k m e w u j u d k a n c i t a - c i t a p e r j u a n g a n . K e t i g a , k e s a d a r a n m a s y a r a k a t y a n g makin meningkat, s e b a g a i h a s i l p e m b a n g u n a n m e n y e b a b k a n t u m b u h n y a s i k a p k r i t i s . K e t e r b u k a a n y a n g dihasilkan o l e h p e m b a n g u n a n p o l i t i k m e m b u a t s e g a l a p a n d a n g a n d a p a t d i k e m u k a k a n s e c a r a b e b a s . D e n g a n s e n d i r i n y a t e r j a d i p u l a i n t e r a k s i y a n g m a k i n l e l u a s a d a n k e r a p d e n g a n p a n d a n g a n - p a n d a n g a n d a r i l u a r . A d a k e k h a w a t i r a n , d a l a m p r o s e s it u b e r k e m b a n g p e m i k i r a n -p e m i k i r a n y a n g a s i n g , y a n g m u n g k i n t i d a k t e -p a t u n t u k d i t e r a p k a n d i I n d o n e s i a , b a h k a n a k a n b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n p a n d a n g a n h i d u p b a n g s a k i t a . L e b i h ja u h l a g i , terkesan b a h w a d i b u t u h k a n a d a n y a p e m b a h a r u a n y a n g d i a r t i k a n s e b a g a i p e r u b a h a n a t a s s e g a l a a p a y a n g k i t a l a k u k a n s e l a m a i n i . S e s u n g g u h n y a t i d a k a d a o r a n g y a n g m e n e n t a n g p e m b a -h a r u a n , b a -h k a n -h a l i t u d i a m a n a t k a n o l e -h G B H N . N a m u n , p e m b a h a r u a n i t u h a r u s d i l a k u k a n d i d a l a m s i s t e m , m e s k i p u n m u n g k i n t e r m a s u k m e m p e r b a h a r u i s i s t e m it u s e n d i r i . P e m b a -h a r u a n d i l u a r s i s t e m , a k a n m e n y e b a b k a n g e j o l a k , y a n g tidak m e n g u n t u n g k a n s i a p a p u n , d a n y a n g p a s t i a k a n m e r u g i k a n r a k y a t d i l a p i s a n y a n g terendah, y a n g tidak bisa menghindar d a r i d a m p a k g e j o l a k i t u .
S e m u a n y a it u m e n j a d i ta n t a n g a n b a g i g e n e r a s i m u d a d a l a m k i t a m e n g e m b a n g k a n w a w a s a n k e b a n g s a a n s e b a g a i a l a t y a n g a m p u h u n t u k m e m b a n g u n b a n g s a .
lV. Peranan Wawasan Kebangsaan Bagi Pembangunan
D a l a m m a s y a r a k a t y a n g m a k i n m a j u , d e n g a n n i l a i - n i l a i y a n g berkembang c e p a t d a n k e h i d u p a n y a n g a m a t dipenga-r u h i o l e h f a k t o dipenga-r - f a k t o dipenga-r k e b e n d a a n , s e r t a d a l a m d u n i a y a n g m a k i n te r b u k a , m e m a n g s e t i a p p a n d a n g a n , y a n g baku sekali-p u n , akan diuji dan ditantang t e r m a s u k k o n s e p k e b a n g s a a n .
M i s a l n y a , d a l a m ja m a n e k o n o m i t e r b u k a , b i s a d i a n g g a p " k u n o " kalau kita bicara mengenai nasionalisme e k o n o m i . S e a k a n - a k a n b a h w a e k o n o m i s u d a h m e n j a d i k o n s e p y a n g g l o b a l , ff i o k a m e m b a t a s i g e r a k n y a d a l a m p a n d a n g a n k e b a n g -s a a n b i -s a d i a n g g a p l a n g k a h m u n d u r . S e l a i n d a r i i t u c a r a k i t a m e n g u n g k a p k a n w a w a s a n k e b a n g s a a n a c a p k a l i , d i h a d a p k a n k e p a d a a d a n y a a n c a m a n . M i s a l n y a , b a n g k i t n y a p r i m o r d i a l i s m e a t a u k e k h a w a t i r a n t e r j a -d i n y a k e r e t a k k a n b a n g s a , k a r e n a s a t u d a n l a i n s e b a b . H a l it u j u g a benar, karena ancaman perpecahan s e l a l u a d a , d a n k i t a h a r u s s e l a l u w a s p a d a . N a m u n d e m i k i a n , w a w a s a n k e b a n g s a a n ti d a k h a r u s m e r u p a k a n k o n s e p y a n g r e a k t i f , te t a p i d a p a t d a n h a r u s k i t a k e m b a n g k a n s e c a r a p r o a k t i f . D i a t i d a k p e r l u t i m b u l h a n y a k a r e n a a d a k e k h a w a t i r a n a d a n y a k e k u a t a n n e g a t i f y a n g m e n g a n c a m , t e t a p i ia d a p a t d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e m b a n g k i t k a n s e m a n g a t m e n c a p a i c i t a - c i t a . S e m a n g a t k e b a n g s a a n d a p a t m e r u p a k a n k e k u a t a n d a h s y a t u n t u k m e n g h a d a p i t a n t a n g a n d a l a m p e m b a n g u n a n , d a n k i t a h a r u s m e m a n f a a t k a n n y a k e a r a h it u .
O l e h k a r e n a it u , s a y a b e r k e y a k i n a n , b a h w a w a w a s a n k e b a n g s a a n m e r u p a k a n m o d a l y a n g p e n t i n g b a g i p e m -b a n g u n a n k i t a . D e n g a n w a w a s a n k e b a n g s a a n k i t a m e m b a n g u n s e -m a n g a t k e -m a n d i r i a n . K e m a n d i r i a n b u k a n k e t e r i s o l a s i a n d a l a m k o n s e p b e r d i k a r i , s e p e r t i p a d a ja m a n sebelum O r d e B a r u . K e m a n d i r i a n b u k a n s i k a p b e r m u s u h a n , m e l a i n k a n s i k a p k e r j a s a m a , y a n g d i l a n d a s i o l e h k o n s t r i b u s i y a n g a k t i f d a n p o s i t i f dari masing-masing p i h a k , dengan penghormatan d a n p e n g h a r g a a n y a n g diberikan k e p a d a s a t u s a m a la i n . K e m a n -d i r i a n p a -d a -d a s a r n y a a d a l a h k e i n g i n a n m e n e g a k k a n h a k - h a k d a n m a r t a b a t k e m a n u s i a a n s e b a g a i i n s a n y a n g d i k a r u n i a i a k a l b u d i o l e h A l l a h S W T . B a n g s a y a n g m a n d i r i b e r a r t i b a n g s a y a n g m e m i l i k i k e m a m p u a n u n t u k m e w u j u d k a n k e h i d u p a n y a n g sejajar dan s e d e r a j a t d e n g a n b a n g s a l a i n d e n g a n k e k u a t a n n y a s e n d i r i . M e n e g a k k a n k e m a n d i r i a n in i t e r a m a t p e n t i n g , j u s t r u p a d a ja m a n g l o b a l y a n g segera akan kita masuki. Kita akan m e n g h a d a p i d u n i a y a n g m a k i n k e t a t p e r s a i n g a n n y a , m a k i n m e n y a t u e k o n o m i n y a , d e n g a n a r u s la l u li n t a s in f o r m a s i y a n g m a k i n d e r a s , d e n g a n il m u d a n t e k n o l o g i y a n g berperan m a k i n k u a t . D a l a m k e a d a a n i t u k i t a p e r l u m e m p e r k u k u h d a n m e m a n t a p k a n k e m a n d i r i a n k i t a . P a h a m k e b a n g s a a n y a n g b e r s i f a t p r o a k t i f , j u g a m e n g e m b a n g k a n s e m a n g a t u n t u k m e m a j u k a n k e h i d u p a n r a k y a t , m e n u j u c i t a - c i t a k e a d i l a n s o s i a l , y a n g m e n j a d i s a l a h
s a t u t u j u a n k i t a s e b a g a i b a n g s a . O l e h k a r e n a it u , u p a y a m e m b a n g u n m a s y a r a k a t y a n g m a k m u r b e r k e a d i l a n h a r u s m e w a r n a i p a h a m kebangsaan k i t a .
D e n g a n l a t a r b e l a k a n g p e m i k i r a n d e m i k i a n , m a k a u p a y a -u p a y a p e m e r a t a a n p e m b a n g u n a n y a n g sekarang i n i k i t a b e r i p e r h a t i a n k h u s u s h a r u s dipandang pula sebagai lang kah s t r a t e g i s d a l a m ra n g k a p e n g a m a l a n w a w a s a n k e b a n g s a a n . O l e h k a r e n a it u , k a l a u s e m a n g a t k e b a n g s a a n k i t a a k a n d i h a d a p k a n k e p a d a s e s u a t u , k e p a d a " m u s u h " , m a k a y a n g h a r u s " d i p e r a n g i " s e k a r a n g s e l a i n " m u s u h a l a m i a h " - n y a s e p e r t i a n c a m a n d a r i l u a r , m u s u h id e o l o g i d a n p e m e c a h b e l a h p e r s a t u a n b a n g s a , a d a l a h p e n g a n g g u r a n , k e m i s k i n a n , k e b o d o h a n , k e t e r t i n g g a l a n , d a n k e t i d a k a d i l a n . l t u l a h m u s u h -m u s u h n a s i o n a l i s -m e k i t a d a l a m m e n i n g g a l k a n a b a d k e - 2 o
memasuki abad ke-21 .
A s p e k in i a m a t p e n t i n g s a y a k e m u k a k a n . R a s a k e b a n g -s a a n a k a n m e n j a d i k u a t k a l a u a d a r a s a k e b e r s a m a a n , s e n a s i b s e p e n a n g g u n g a n . K e t i m p a n g a n e k o n o m i d a n k e s e n j a n g a n s o s i a l y a n g b e s a r , s e p e r t i d i g a r i s k a n d a l a m G B H N , b e r l a -w a n a n a r a h d e n g a n s o l i d a r i t a s s o s i a l , y a n g m e n j a d i p e r e k a t -n y a r a s a p e r s a t u a -n d a -n k e s a t u a -n s u a t u m a s y a r a k a t a t a u b a n g s a . O l e h k a r e n a i t u d e n g a n s e m a n g a t k e b a n g s a a n k i t a m e m b a n g u n m a s y a r a k a t y a n g m a k i n b e r k e a d i l a n , s e h i n g g a m a k i n m e m p e r k u k u h s o l i d a r i t a s s o s i a l . S e b a l i k n y a s o l i d a r i t a s s o s i a l y a n g k u k u h a k a n m e n j a d i l a n d a s a n y a n g k u a t b a g i w a w a s a n k e b a n g s a a n s u a t u b a n g s a .
1 0
V. Agama Sebagai Sumber Motivasi
S a y a i n g i n m e m u l a i p e m b a h a s a n b a g i a n i n i d e n g a n m e n g u t i p a l i n e a k e t i g a P e m b u k a a n U U D 1 9 4 5 .
" A t a s b e r k a t r a h m a t A l l a h Y a n g M a h a K u a s a d a n d e n g a n d i d o r o n g k a n o l e h k e i n g i n a n lu h u r , s u p a y a b e r k e h i d u p a n k e b a n g s a a n y a n g bebas, maka rakyat I n d o n e s i a m e n y a t a k a n d e n g a n i n i k e m e r d e k a a n n y a " . D e n g a n k a l i m a t i t u , b a n g s a I n d o n e s i a m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a k e m e r d e k a a n a d a l a h n i k m a t y a n g d i b e r i k a n A l l a h S W I b a h w a k e m e r d e k a a n i t u t e l a h d i p e r j u a n g k a n , t e t a p i h a n y a d a p a t d i c a p a i k a r e n a b e r k a t ra h m a t - N y a .
P e r n y a t a a n i n i m e n u n j u k k a n j i w a keimanan yang amat m e n d a s a r d a l a m k e h i d u p a n k i t a , b a i k s e b a g a i i n d i v i d u m a u p u n s e b a g a i b a n g s a . M e m a n g , s e p a n j a n g s e j a r a h p e r -j u a n g a n bangsa kita, nilai-nilai keagamaan berperan amat
p e n t i n g .
P a h l a w a n - p a h l a w a n k i t a , s e b e l u m a b a d k e - 2 4 , b e r p e r a n g m e l a w a n p e n j a j a h d i b a w a h p a n j i - p a n j i l s l a m . K i t a b i s a m e n a m p i l k a n s e d e r e t n a m a - n a m a p a h l a w a n d a r i u j u n g p a l i n g barat sampai ke wilayah timur tanah air kita.
K i t a ju g a m e n g e t a h u i b a h w a p a d a a w a l a b a d i n i t e l a h a d a g e r a k a n m a s s a r a k y a t m e n e n t a n g p e n j a j a h a n m e l a l u i g e r a k a n e k o n o m i , y a i t u S a r i k a t D a g a n g l s l a m y a n g k e m u d i a n b e r k e m b a n g m e n j a d i S a r i k a t l s l a m . H O S T j o k r o a m i n o t o s e r i n g d i k a t a k a n s e b a g a i b a p a k d a n p e n d i d i k to k o h - t o k o h k e b a n g s a a n k i t a .
D a l a m p e r j u a n g a n f i s i k k e m e r d e k a a n k i t a t a h u b e t a p a
seruan Allahu Akbar, telah membangkitkan gelora perjuangan
d a n k e r e l a a n b e r k o r b a n t a n p a k e r a g u a n . P a r a p e j u a n g k e m e r d e k a a n y a k i n b a h w a b e r j u a n g m e m b e l a n e g a r a a d a l a h Jihad fi Sabilillah. M e m ' a n g a d a s a a t y a n g s u r a m d a l a m p e r j a l a n a n s e j a r a h b a n g s a k i t a , d i m a n a s e k e l o m p o k u m a t l s l a m in g i n m e l a n g k a h m e l a m p a u i b a t a s , d a n m e n j a d i k a n I n d o n e s i a n e g a r a ls l a m . G e r a k a n i n i t e l a h b a n y a k m e n g o r b a n k a n d a n m e n y e n g s a r a k a n r a k y a t , s e r t a m e n g h a m b a t u p a y a p e m b a n g u n a n . M e s k i p u n m a y o r i t a s r a k y a t I n d o n e s i a m u s l i m , g e r a k a n i t u t i d a k b e r h a s i l k a r e n a m e m a n g b u k a n d e m i k i a n h a k i k a t n e g a r a y a n g d i i n g i n -k a n o l e h p a r a p e n d i r i R e p u b l i -k i n i y a n g s e b a g i a n b e s a r b e r a -g a m a l s l a m , d a n b a n y a k d i a n t a r a n y a m e w a k i l i a s p i r a s i u m a t l s l a m . U p a y a m e n d i r i k a n n e g a r a d i l u a r n e g a r a p r o k l a m a s i b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n k o d r a t b a n g s a k i t a . A g a m a l s l a m m e n g a j a r k a n b a h w a k i t a t i d a k b i s a l e p a s d a r i k e t e r k a i t a n d e n g a n s e j a r a h , d a n i t u m e r u p a k a n h u k u m a l a m , y a n g k i t a yakini sebagai sunnatullah.
M e s k i p u n In d o n e s i a b u k a n n e g a r a a g a m a , t e t a p i n e g a r a k e b a n g s a a n , s e p e r t i d i k a t a k a n U n d a n g - U n d a n g D a s a r 1 9 4 5 , " m a k a disusunlah kemerdekaan kebangsaan Indonesia", t e t a p i k e h i d u p a n k e b a n g s a a n b a n g s a k i t a t i d a k p e r n a h ja u h d a r i a g a m a . A l i n e a k e t i g a U U D 1 9 4 5 m e n u n j u k k a n h a l i t u , P a n c a s i f a m e n u n j u k k a n h a l i t u d a n a y a t ( 1 ) Pasal 29 yang m e n g a t a k a n " N e g a r a b e r d a s a r a t a s K e t u h a n a n Y a n g M a h a E s a " m e n u n j u k k a n h a l it u .
S i k a p r e l i g i u s i n i m e w a r n a i s e l u r u h g e r a k k e h i d u p a n d a n k e g i a t a n ra k y a t I n d o n e s i a . la m e l e k a t d a l a m n i l a i - n i l a i y a n g m e n d a s a r i k e h i d u p a n b a n g s a i n i . D a l a m G B H N 1 9 9 3 h a l i n i t e l a h m a k i n d i t e g a s k a n d e n g a n d i c a n t u m k a n n y a K e i m a n a n d a n K e t a q w a a n t e r h a d a p T u h a n Y a n g M a h a E s a s e b a g a i a s a s p e r t a m a d a r i s e m b i l a n a s a s p e m b a n g u n a n n a s i o n a l . D e n g a n a s a s in i b a n g s a I n d o n e s i a m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a s e g a l a u s a h a d a n k e g i a t a n p e m -b a n g u n a n n a s i o n a l d i j i w a i , d i g e r a k k a n , d a n d i k e n d a l i k a n o l e h k e i m a n a n d a n k e t a q w a a n te r h a d a p T u h a n Y a n g M a h a E s a s e b a g a i n i l a i lu h u r y a n g m e n j a d i l a n d a s a n s p i r i t u a l , m o r a l , d a n e t i k d a l a m ra n g k a p e m b a n g u n a n n a s i o n a l s e b a g a i p e n g a m a l a n P a n c a s i l a . D a l a m p e r n y a t a a n i n i h a r u s k i t a c a t a t b a h w a y a n g m e n j a d i a s a s b u k a n l a h s e s u a t u a g a m a , m e l a i n k a n K e i m a n a n d a n K e t a q w a a n , y a n g b u k a n h a n y a m i l i k n y a a g a m a te r t e n t u . D a l a m b e r b a g a i b e n t u k d a n u n g k a p a n K e i m a n a n d a n K e t a q -w a a n m e r u p a k a n s y a r a t b a g i p e m e l u k s e m u a a g a m a . S e m u a n y a i t u j u g a t i d a k t e r l e p a s d a r i p r o s e s p e n d e w a -s a a n k i t a -s e b a g a i b a n g -s a y a n g -s a l a h -s a t u p u n c a k n y a y a n g p e n t i n g a d a l a h d i t e r i m a n y a P a n c a s i l a s e b a g a i s a t u - s a t u n y a a s a s b a g i s e m u a k i t a . P r o s e s i t u b e r j a l a n p a n j a n g d a n t i d a k m u d a h , te t a p i ju s t r u k a r e n a t e l a h m e l a l u i b e r b a g a i u j i a n d a n c o b a a n s e h i n g g a h a s i l n y a a k a n t e g a k d a n k u k u h s e p a n j a n g z a m a n .
1 3
M a k i n k u k u h l a h k e y a k i n a n k i t a b a h w a h a k i k a t p a h a m k e b a n g s a a n b a g i b a n g s a In d o n e s i a a d a l a h y a n g termaktub di d a l a m ji w a P e m b u k a a n U U D 1 9 4 5 , y a n g m e n e t a p k a n d a s a r d a n t u j u a n k e m e r d e k a a n k e b a n g s a a n I n d o n e s i a . M e m a n g a d a p a n d a n g a n y a n g m e n g a t a k a n b a h w a p a h a m k e b a n g s a a n I n d o n e s i a d i c e r m i n k a n d a l a m s i l a P e r s a -t u a n I n d o n e s i a . M e n u r u -t p e n d a p a -t s a y a , m e s k i p u n p e r s a t u a n m e r u p a k a n u n s u r p a l i n g p o k o k d a l a m s e t i a p p a h a m k e b a n g -s a a n , n a m u n b u k a n m e r u p a k a n u n s u r s a t u - s a t u n y a . M e n u r u t h e m a t s a y a k o n s e p k e b a n g s a a n m e n u r u t p a h a m b a n g s a I n d o n e s i a l e b i h lu a s d a r i p a d a h a n y a u n s u r p e r s a t u a n . P a h a m k e b a n g s a a n I n d o n e s i a a d a l a h p a h a m y a n g memi-l i k i memi-l a n d a s a n s p i r i t u a memi-l , m o r a memi-l , d a n e t i k . K a r e n a it u , p a h a m t e r s e b u t b e r s i l a k a n K e t u h a n a n Y a n g M a h a E s a . P a h a m K e b a n g s a a n i n g i n m e m b a n g u n m a s a k i n i d a n m a s a d e p a n , d i d u n i a d a n d i a k h i r a t . P a h a m k e b a n g s a a n In d o n e s i a ti d a k m e n e m p a t k a n b a n g s a k i t a d i a t a s b a n g s a la i n , t e t a p i m e n g -h a r g a i -h a r k a t d a n m a r t a b a t k e m a n u s i a a n s e r t a h a k d a n k e -w a j i b a n a s a s i m a n u s i a ; k a r e n a it u p a h a m k e b a n g s a a n k i t a m e m p u n y a i u n s u r k e m a n u s i a a n y a n g a d i l d a n b e r a d a b . O l e h k a r e n a i t u p u l a p a h a m k e b a n g s a a n I n d o n e s i a m e n g a k u i a d a n y a n i l a i - n i l a i u n i v e r s a l k e m a n u s i a a n . S e b a g a i b a n g s a y a n g majemuk tetapi satu dan utuh, paham kebangsaan I n d o n e s i a j e l a s bersendikan p e r s a t u a n d a n k e s a t u a n b a n g s a . P a n d a n g a n i n i k e m u d i a n k i t a t u a n g k a n d a n m a n t a p k a n d a l a m
konsep Wawasan Nusantara. Paham kebangsaan kita berakar
p a d a asas kedaulatan yang berada di tangan rakyat. Oleh k a r e n a it u p a h a m k e b a n g s a a n k i t a a d a l a h p a h a m d e m o k r a s i ,
d a n b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n p a h a m t o t a l i t e r . P a h a m k e b a n g -s a a n k i t a m e m i l i k i c i t a - c i t a k e a d i l a n s o s i a l , b e r s u m b e r p a d a r a s a k e a d i l a n d a n m e n g h e n d a k i k e s e j a h t e r a a n b a g i s e l u r u h rakyat. P a h a m k e b a n g s a a n y a n g d e m i k i a n , t i d a k b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n a g a m a m a n a p u n , b a h k a n s e b a l i k n y a s a n g a t l a h s e r a s i . L e b i h j a u h l a g i m e l a l u i p e n g a m a l a n a g a m a y a n g b e n a r w a w a s a n k e b a n g s a a n k i t a a k a n m a k i n d i p e r k u k u h . B a g i u m a t l s l a m m e n g a m a l k a n P a n c a s i l a , s e b a g a i s u m b e r w a w a s a n k e b a n g s a a n k i t a , a d a l a h s e j a l a n d e n g a n p e t u n j u k - p e t u n j u k a g a m a . Vl. Penutup D e m i k i a n l a h b e b e r a p a p o k o k p i k i r a n s e b a g a i b a h a n u n t u k s a r a s e h a n i n i . S e b a g a i o r g a n i s a s i d a n g e n e r a s i m u d a y a n g m e m p u n y a i k o m i t m e n te r h a d a p p e m b a n g u n a n b a n g s a d a n n e g a r a , s a y a h a r a p k a n A M P I d a p a t b e r p e r a n d a l a m m e m p e r k u k u h p e m a h a m a n k a u m m u d a m e n g e n a i h a k i k a t k e b a n g s a a n d a n p a h a m k e b a n g s a a n b a n g s a I n d o n e s i a . M e n g h a d a p i m a s a d e p a n y a n g k i t a t a h u a k a n m a k i n b e r a t d a n r u m i t , m e s k i p u n p e n u h h a r a p a n , k i t a m e m e r l u k a n p e g a n g a n y a n g kuat, agar arah perjalanan b a n g s a k i t a s e n a n -t i a s a m a n -t a p m e n u j u -t u j u a n y a n g d i c i -t a - c i -t a k a n , d a n t i d a k t e r o m b a n g - a m b i n g o l e h g e l o m b a n g y a n g t i d a k a k a n h e n t i -h e n t i n y a m e n g h e m p a s b a h t e r a n e g a r a k i t a .
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U n t u k i t u , k i t a h a r u s t a h u d a n y a k i n b e n a r ja l a n y a n g h a r u s k i t a t e m p u h , d a n u n t u k i t u d e n g a n la n d a s a n i m a n d a n t a q w a k i t a b e r s a n d a r k e p a d a A l l a h y a n g M a h a K u a s a , d a n s e l a l u m e m o h o n p e t u n j u k , t a u f i k d a n h i d a y a h - N y a .
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