Bengkulu International Conference on Science and Education (BICSE - 2017)

“Breaching international boundaries to share scientific research and advance education”

Chief editor: M. Lutfi Firdaus, Ph.D.

FKIP UNIB Press, 2018

ISBN: 978-602-8043-84-7

Editor

: Annisa Puji Astuti, Hadi Apriyoanda

Layout

: Hadi Apriyoanda

Cover Design

: Deni Parlindungan

Publisher

: Unit Penerbitan dan Publikasi FKIP UNIB

Address

: Gedung Lab Pembelajaran FKIP Universitas Bengkulu, Jalan WR.

Supratman, Kandang Limun, Bengkulu 38371

All rights reserved

“Breaching international boundaries to share scientific research and advance education”

Proceeding and Scientific Program: M. Lutfi Firdaus, Ph.D.

Dr. Agus Sundaryono

Dr. Aceng Ruyani

Editor

: Annisa Puji Astuti,

Hadi Apriyoanda

Layout

: Hadi Apriyoanda

Cover Design : Deni Parlindungan

Scientific Committee:

1.

Dr. Ade Gafar Abdullah, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

2.

Dr. Eng. Asep Bayu DN, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

3.

Dr. Zulfatman, Univ. Muhammadiyah Malang

4.

Dr. Dyah Rini, Universitas Negeri Semarang

5.

Dr. Andi Adriansyah, Universitas Mercu Buana

6.

Dr. Permata Ika Hidayati, Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang

7.

Lulu Purwaningrum, Ph.D, UNS Solo

8.

Acep Purqon, Ph.D, Institut Teknologi Bandung

9.

Dr. Yeni W. Hartati, Universitas Padjadjaran

10.

Dr. Santhy Wyantuti, Universitas Padjadjaran

11.

Dr. Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy, Universitas Padjajaran

FKIPUNIB Press

Gedung Lab Pembelajaran FKIP UNIB, Jalan WR. Supratman, Kandang Limun, Bengkulu 38371 Tel: +62 736 21170 and 21884; Fax : +62 736 22105

Email: fkip@unib.ac.id

Chairman:

M. Lutfi Firdaus, Ph.D.

–

University of Bengkulu

Members:

-

Dr. Agus Sundaryono

–

University of Bengkulu

-

Dr. Aceng Ruyani

–

University of Bengkulu

Secretary

-

Annisa Puji Astuti, M.Pd.Si

-

Hadi Apriyoanda S.Pd

-

Elvida Sari Yunilarosi S.Pd

-

Juwita Megarani S.Pd

-

Netria Septiayu S.Pd

Event Program

-

Deni Parlindungan, M.Pd.Si

-

Sukaina Adibi

-

Bagus Ariadi

Transportation

-

Muslih Muslihin, SE

-

Arsela Eko Listiono, M.Pd.Si

Documentation

-

Ariyoga Pratama, S.Pd

-

Pauzi Jundara, S.Pd

Public Relation

-

Arsela Eko Listiono, M.Pd.Si

-

Muslih Muslihin, SE

Accomodation

-

Pauzi Jundara, S.Pd

-

Deni Parlindungan, M.Pd.Si

Consumption

-

Ria Kusuma Dewi, S.Kom

-

Yopita Diana S.Pd

-

Tyas S.Pd

-

Nurin Al

-

Yanni S.Pd

Website

-

Annisa Puji Astuti, M.Pd.Si

-

Ariyoga Pratama, S.Pd

Secretariat Address :

Graduate School of Science Education

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

University of Bengkulu

Phone: (0736) 21186, Faxsimile: (0736) 21186

Website: www.fkip.unib.ac.id

The Bengkulu International Conference on Science and Education (BICSE-2017)

was held from 14

–

15 December 2017, in Bengkulu, Indonesia. The conference is

organized by Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Bengkulu. The

conference was hosted in the rectorate building of University of Bengkulu and new hall

building of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education located in the Bengkulu city

center.

This conference was organized by Faculty of Teacher Training and Education,

University of Bengkulu, which was attended by more than 100 registered presenters and

participants. Invited Speakers include Dr. Jay Lennartson, Dr. Corey Johnson, and Dr. Ian

Singleton. The theme of the conference is “Breaching international boundaries to share

scientific re

search and advance education.”

The range of topics covered by BICSE 2017 are

experimental, theoretical and empirical papers includes, but not limited to (1) Scientific

research, (2) Science, physics, chemistry and biology, (3) Teaching, learning, media, and

assessment in education, (4) Teacher education, (5) Teaching technology, (6) Research on

education, science, and in between, and (7) Advance education.

Finally, we thank all the participants of BICSE 2017, everybody who helped in the

organization, all sponsors, the PEER-project supported by USAID, and we are looking

forward to meeting you again at BICSE 2019.

Bengkulu, February, 2018

BICSE Organizer,

Principal Investigator (PI) of Sumatran Turtles Conservation Project

There is a clear distinction between scientists and science teachers in Indonesian

universities, with scientists focusing on pure biology (science) and science teachers

focusing on learning biology (pedagogy). Some educational institutions in Indonesia still

emphasize this

dichotomy

between content and learning, which has been noted as

a

classical problem

in science education. The difference between a scientist identity and a

science teacher identity is only where to place the emphasis. I believe that both science and

learning research capacity to show that these two identities can co-exist in a single

individual and that can be very beneficial. In the meantime I also witnessed the facts that

Science education at the K-12 levels in Bengkulu does not focus on biodiversity. Fieldwork

is rarely included as an instructional technique at any educational level, and there is little

focus on local conservation issues. Bengkulu University (UNIB) recently started a graduate

program for teachers with the theme of “Natural Conservation Education for A Better Life”.

In conjunction with this graduate program, UNIB has also started a pioneering conservation

effort, "UNIB Campus, A Safe Home for Turtles,” with educational components at the K

-12 level and at the university as part of the Science Teacher Education curriculum track. On

the basis of the description I feel that the development of science teachers through the

experience of science and learning research is one option for the improvement of science

education in locations similar to Bengkulu.

Implementation of

science and learning research

in science teacher education was

not easy. It requires a long discussion and openness of the existing dichotomy paradigm.

Students of biology education, for example, usually do not easily answer with a short

sentence when asked: “What is the difference between biology and pure biology?” Some of

them answered; “We study biology according to the curriculum demands where we will

teach”. I communicated with some science education experts,

among others, Dr. Catherine

Matthews. She is a science educator at the University of North Carolina Greensboro

(UNCG), and is also Principal Investigator (PI) on the National Science Foundation (NSF)

-funded project; "Herpetology Education in Rural Places and Spaces". Matthews and I

visited each other, wrote some manuscripts, and submitted a number of research proposals

including titled; "Developing science and learning research capacity of Bengkulu

University in ex situ conservation of Sumatran freshwater and terrestrial turtles". The

proposal is funded by USAID through the Partnerships for enhanced engagement in

research (PEER) project for the period of December 2015 - November 2018.

novelty for Indonesia. The existence of the turtles on the UNIB campus will be a learning

resource for conservation education for the young people in Bengkulu. This model of

conservation efforts through educational approaches is designed to be completed over three

years, as an attempt to improve the competence of biology teachers in Bengkulu and other

provinces of Indonesia.

As the PI of Sumatran Turtles Conservation Project, I am very excited with Bengkulu

International Competence on Science and Education 2017 (BICSE 2017). BICSE 2017 is

an excellent forum for exchanging experiences on science and learning research. Hopefully

in the next, BICSE becomes an annual regular agenda. Welcome to Bengkulu.

Congratulations to do your best for science education.

Venue: University of Bengkulu (main campuss)

Jl. WR. Supratman, Kandang Limun, Bengkulu 38371

Plenary session: Rectorate of University of Bengkulu, 3

rd

floor

–

main meeting room

Parallel and poster session: Graduate School of Science Education office hall, 3

rd

floor

Day 1: December 14, 2017

08:00

–

08:45 Registration

08:45

–

09:45

Opening ceremony

Traditional dance

Singing “Indonesia Raya”

Prayer readings

Speech 1: BICSE chairman

Speech 2: Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

Speech 3: Rector of University of Bengkulu

Photo session

Chorus “Heal the World”

09:45

–

12:00

Plenary session

Dr. Corey M. Johnson

Dr. Jay Lennartson

Dr. Ian Singleton

12:00

–

13:00 Lunch break

13:15

–

13:45 Poster session

13:45

–

16:00 Parallel session (5 rooms, each presentation 12 minutes)

16:00

–

16:30 Closing

Best oral and poster presenter announcement

Day 2: December 15, 2017

Bengkulu City Tour

Location: Fort Marlborough, Soekarno’s seclusion house, Anggut souven

ir market, Long

beach, etc.

a.

University of Bengkulu (Main Campuss)

b.

Floor Plan for Parallel and Poster Session

Notes:

1. Rectorate of University of Bengkulu, 3rd

floor – main meeting room (Plenary session)

2. Office of Graduate School of Science Education (Parallel and poster session)

Notes:

Room name: Office of Graduate School of Science Education

Place: 3rd _floor

Poster Session : Room 1

Room Number (Parallel Session): 1. Room Group 1

COVER ... i

COPYRIGHT PAGE ... ii

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ... iii

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ... iv

PREFACE FROM ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ... v

PREFACE FROM PEER PROJECT ... vi

GENERAL TIME SCHEDULE ... viii

FLOOR PLAN ... ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... x

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS ... 1

Dr. Corey M. Johnson ... 1

Dr. G. Jay Lennartson... 2

Dr. Ian Singleton ... 3

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS ... 4

1.

Variability of Trace Metal Distributions (Cd, Pb, Mn, Cu and Zn) and

Their Biogeochemical Cycles in the East China Sea and Coastal Areas,

Japan ... 4

2.

Local Culture of Serawai South Bengkulu District... 9

3.

Character Education For Early Childhood ... 17

4.

Development Of Physics Chemistry Teaching Materials In Sriwijaya

University Chemical Education Study Program Of Education Science

And Teaching Faculty With Coal Briquettes - Household Waste Fibers ... 22

5.

Exploring RELNs Epitopes Expressed on HER2

+

Breast Cancer to Design

B and CTL Associated Brain Metastases Cancer Vaccines Using

Immunoinformatics Approach ... 29

6.

Lesson Drawing With

Tat

Dyes ... 44

7.

Landslides Model Due to Climate Change Using Digital Elevation

Models (Dem) dnd Geoslop ... 54

8.

Ethnobothanic Study Plants Mukomuko Bengkulu Making Products for

the Development of Biology Based Materials Based On Local Potentials:

"Plant Diversity" ... 59

9.

The Effect of STAD Cooperative Learning and Expository Method and

Learning Independence on Educational Statistics Learning Outcomes ... 68

10.

Implementation of Mea Mathematics Learning to Improve Students

Mathematical Reasoning Ability in Mechanical Engineering S1

University of Ratu Samban ... 82

11.

Analysis of Herbaceous Strata Vegetation in Bukit Sulap Lubuklinggau ... 87

12.

Analysis of Preparation of Processing of Palm Fruit

Elaeis guineensis

Jacq

on Crende Palm Oil Crops (CPO) with Type Byhster Processing

Equipment ... 93

13.

The Utilization of Portfolio in The Biology Learning Assesment Process ... 96

Mosquito Mortality ... 108

16.

The Implementation of Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Model toward

the Learning Result of IPA Terpadu at the Seventh Grade Students of

SMP Negeri 13 Lubuklinggau ... 114

17.

Mathematical Improve Communication Skills Students With Learning S1

Pgmi Matakuliah Metodologi Investigation on Research in City Iain

Bengkulu ... 120

18.

Influence of Components of Straw Compostes and NPK Fertilizers on

Growth Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) ... 128

19.

Genetic Diversity of Local Buffalo (

Bubalus bubalis

) South

Sumatra-Based Microsatellite Hel09 ... 132

20.

Recommendations of Fertilization For Rice Crop On Upland in South

Bengkulu ... 136

21.

The Benefits of Red Dragon Fruit (

Hylocereus polyrhizus

) Leather Juice

and Organoleptic Testing to The Endurance of Wet Noodles ... 140

22.

Study of Sound Beat using Sundanese Flute and

Adobe Audition

TM1.5

... 145

23.

An Analysis Of Physical Characteristics of Oil as The Effect of Types

and Reuse and the Application of Absorbent in the Process of Oil

Purification ... 152

24.

Inventory of Wild Plants That Can Be Used As Drugs In The

Environment STKIP PGRI Lubuklinggau ... 159

25.

Inventory Famili Zingiberaceae and This Using At Air Satan Village of

Muara Beliti ... 164

26.

Conservation Character of Biology Learning for Z Generation ... 168

27.

The Fish Inventory at River in District of South Lubuklinggau II ... 172

28.

Effect of pH of The System on The Titanium(IV) Dioxide Synthesis ... 179

29.

Enantioseparation of Ofloxacin With L-Isoleusin Into Diastereoisomers

Using Liquid Preparative Chromatography ... 183

30.

The Use of Video Simulation to Improve Students Understanding of

Chemical Bonding Subject ... 187

31.

Test Activity Anti Plasmodial Chitosan -

Jatropha multifida

L.

Nanopartikel Through Mice Infected

Plasmodium berghei ...

193

32.

Application of Learning Model of Social Inquiry t

o Improve Student’s

Activity and Learning Outcome on Nonparametric Statistics at

Mathematics Study Program at Unib ... 197

33.

Improvement of student Misconceptions of physics using the E-learning

Program ... 204

34.

Identification of Bamboo Species Diversity in Rahma Sub-District in

South Lubuklinggau I Lubuklinggau City ... 210

35.

Realistic Mathematics Learning Based on Bengkulu Ethnomatematics to

Increase Cognitive Level... 214

36.

Study on Quality Management of Learning (Qualitative Descriptive

Study at University of Prof. Dr. Hazairin, SH Bengkulu) ... 226

Order Thinking In Biology Learning ... 237

39.

The Making of Organic Chemistry 1 Digital Books by Using The Sigil

Epub Editor Application ... 242

40.

Application of Inqury Models Based on Service Learning to Increase

Students of Semester Students V Biology Education in Producing LKPD

(Employee Work Sheet) in Lecturer of Selected Kapita 2 ... 251

41.

Problem Solving Ability of Physics Education Student in Learning

Through Online Tutorial ... 256

42.

Application of Learning Cycle (5e) and Two Stay Two Stray Learning to

Increase Results Learning Basic Chemicals ... 261

43.

Project Based Learning Model Based on Local Potency in Counter

Taksonomi (Zoologi) ... 266

44.

Cracking Catalytic Methyl Esther From Pome Convertion by

Sonochemistry ... 271

45.

Synthesis of Methyl Ester of Waste CPO With Sonochemistry And

Cracking Catalytic With Co-Mo/Hz be Biofuel ... 276

46.

Nutrition Study

Colocasia esculenta

and

Colocasia Gigantea

as Fever

Monouria Emys

in Area of Turtels Conservation University of

Bengkulu ... 281

47.

The Isolation and Identification of Triterpenoid Compounds From

Jatrophan multifida L

. Leather Extracts ... 288

48.

Cyclemys

oldhamii

’s Monitoring in Taman Pintar

Ex situ

Conservation

Area Bengkulu University... 296

49.

Adaptation Study of

Notochelys platynota

in

Ex-Situ

Conservation Pond

The University of Bengkulu ... 302

50.

Adaptation Study of

Siebenrockiella crassicollis

in Ex Situ Conservation

Pond of University of Bengkulu (UNIB) ... 306

51.

The Development of Graphite Pencil Electrode For Chromium (VI)

Determination Using Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry ... 310

52.

Solution of Nonlinear Equation Wave Mation With Using Approximation

Homotopy ... 314

53.

Analysis of Land Use Damage in Danau Dusun Besar Nature Reserve

Area Bengkulu City... 326

54.

The Readiness of Guidance and Counseling Teachers in Facing The

Asean Economic Community (MEA) ... 335

55.

Competency Analysis of Facilitator and Competency of Participants in

relation to Improving the Value of Curriculum 2013 Training for

Mathematics's teacher at Junior High School Year 2017 ... 341

56.

Learning Using Search, Solve, Create and Share (SSCS) Problem Solving

to Enhance Students’ Critical Thinking

... 349

57.

Article Scientific Improve Motor Skills and Logic Math Early

(CIRC) Aided a Multimedia Blog in the Course of Mathematics Learning

in English ... 360

59.

Therapeutic Effects of

Pilsbryoconcha

exilis

Extract Against

paracetamol-Induced Blood (Glucose, Triglyceride) and Liver (Color,

Weight, Volume, Protein Profile) in Mice ... 371

60.

Phylogenetic Analysis of

Cuora Amboinensis

Bengkulu, Enggano, and

Aceh Based on Mitochondrial DNA on The Genetic Diversity Concept ... 381

61.

Practical Analysis of Islamic Education to Improving Student Caracter in

School ... 389

62.

Activities of Kebiul Seeds to The Blood Cell Principles in Pathological ... 397

63.

Implementation of Character Education in Optimizing High Order

Thinking Skills for Civics Teacher Candidates in 21st Centuy ... 405

64.

The Role of Education Based on Character in Globalization Era (Study

Description of Character Education in School) ... 413

65.

Scramble Learning Model by Using Magic Tools From Materials on

Biology Learning Result ... 419

66.

Mental Revolution For Increasing The Teachers’ Performance in Remote

Area ... 423

67.

Ability of Understanding Mathematic Concept in Cooperative Learning

Model Type Jigsaw ... 428

68.

Effectivitiveness of Intensive Training Program on Fast Reading Ability

of Students Hight School ... 433

69.

Improving Competency Preparing Rooms For Guests Through Assure

Model Based on Peer Tutor Method ... 440

70.

Implementation of Research Action According to Inkuiri Model for

Improving Skills of Student's Science Process and Learning Outcomes in

Physical Study ... 445

71.

Development of Biology Learning Strategy Based on Natural

Environment in the Senior High School ... 450

72.

Analysis Study of Students’ Perception About

Interesting Science

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

Dr. Corey M. Johnson

Department of Geography, The University of North

Carolina at Greensboro, 237 Graham Building 1009

Spring Garden Street, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.

*Email: corey_johnson@uncg.edu

Examining environment and development tradeoffs through

the Resource Nexus (RN): The case of urban governance

ABSTRACT

Dr. G. Jay Lennartson

Department of Geography, The University of North

Carolina at Greensboro, 237 Graham Building 1009

Spring Garden Street, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.

*Email: gjlennar@uncg.edu

The Seven Pillars of Environmental Destructiveness

ABSTRACT

Dr. Ian Singleton

Director

Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme

PanEco Foundation, Switzerland

Saving Sumatra’s Orangutans

ABSTRACT

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

1.

Variability of trace metal distributions (Cd, Pb, Mn, Cu

and Zn) and their biogeochemical cycles in the East

China Sea and coastal areas, Japan

Ronald Muhammad

1

, Hajime Obata

1

, Toshitaka Gamo

1

, Asami. S. Mashio

2

,

Yoshiko Kondo

3

, Shigenobu Takeda

3

and M. Lutfi Firdaus

4

1_{Marine Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemical Oceanography,}

Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan

2_{Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University,}

Japan

3_{Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Science, Nagasaki University,}

Japan

4_{Graduate School of Science Education, University of Bengkulu, Indonesia}

ABSTRACT

It has been widely known that trace elements and their isotopes (TEIs) are important to understand the marine ecosystem. In seawater, some trace metals such as cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) can act as micronutrients for phytoplankton growth [1]. However, at high concentrations, some metals such as Cd and Cu can be toxic and harmful for microorganism [2];[3];[4]. Their vertical profiles, such as nutrient type profiles (the concentration limited at surface layer, and increased at the depth) for Cd, Cu and Zn, are indicative of biologically related processes [5];[6]. Lead (Pb), widely known as a toxic element, has a scavenged-type profile (the concentration tend to be maximum at surface and decreased with depth) [7], and could act as a tracer for atmospherically derived contaminant in the ocean. In this study, we determined these trace metals in the East China Sea as well as at some coastal region in Japan such as Ariake Sea, and Tachibana Bay. Geographically, all of these areas have similarity, it migh easily receive pollution from river runoff and anthropogenic discharge from the coast due to surrounded by many landmasses. Kyusu and Ryukyu Island on the south and Asian continent on the west were bounded directly with the East China Sea, whereas Fukuoka, Nagasaki and Kumamoto prefectures surround Ariake Sea and Tachibana Bay.

The results in the East China Sea indicated that the highest concentrations of total dissolved Cu and Mn were found at the surface (10 m), which can be attributed to the freshwater discharge from Yangtze River [8];[9]. Vertical distributions of Cu, Zn, and Cd, had increasing trend with depth, similar to those of nutrients (nitrate and phosphate). Pb and Mn showed scavenging-type profile in most stations of this study. Negative correlation between salinity and Cu was found (R2_{=0.86) in Ariake Sea, suggesting the most important sources of}

formation and precipitations of sulfides because of the coastal hydrothermal activities in this area.

Keywords: Trace metals, East China Sea, Ariake Sea, Tachibana Bay, hydrothermal vent.

1. Introduction

It has been widely known that trace elements and their isotopes (TEIs) are important to understand the marine ecosystem. In seawater at low concentrations, some trace metals like cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) can act as micronutrients for phytoplankton growth [1]. However, at high concentrations, some metals can be toxic and harmful for microorganism [2]; [3]; [4]. Their vertical profiles, such as nutrient type profiles for Cd, Cu and Zn, are indicative of biologically related processes [5]; [6]. Copper is an important cofactor in the last step of denitrification process [10]; Cd and Zn can replace each other as a metal center in carbonic anhydrate that catalyzes inorganic carbon acquisition in respiration process for diatoms [1]. Meanwhile, according to [11], Mn at high latitudes can be considered as a hybrid-type metal, whose distribution is controlled by both biological uptake and scavenging processes. Mn can substitute for iron in superoxide dismutase (SOD) in diatom [1]. Lead (Pb), widely known as a toxic element, has a scavenged-type profile [7], and could act as a tracer for atmospheric derived contaminant in the ocean.

It is important to reveal the distribution of those elements (Cd, Pb, Mn, Cu & Zn) in seawater and their biogeochemical cycles to enhance our understanding of their bioaccumulation and sources. In particular, at coastal region such as Ariake Sea, and Tachibana Bay as well as marginal sea such as East China Sea, anthropogenic effect might affect the distributions of these metals. Here, I will reveal their distributions and their internal biogeochemical cycling.

2. Methods

2.1 Sampling locations

Samples from three stations (AND-06; AND-26; AND-31) in the East China Sea were collected. The samples were taken during R/V Hakuho-Maru KH-15-3 cruise in the East China Sea from October 14th _{to November 2}nd_{, 2015. AND-06 and AND-26 were located on the}

continental shelf and AND-31 was located on the Okinawa Trough.

In Ariake Sea and Tachibana Bay, samples were taken from 18 May to 20 May 2015 onboard R/V Kakuyo-Maru. Seawater samples were collected from six stations in the Ariake Sea, and two stations in Tachibana Bay. Stations A15-A7 were located inside of Ariake Sea while station A1 was located outside. Station T1 and T3 were located inside of Tachibana Bay. Station T1 was located near the hydrothermal vent.

Figure 1. Sampling locations for A. KH-15-3 cruise, 14th October to 2nd November 2015 in the

East China Sea; B. Ariake Sea and Tachibana Bay, 18th _{May to 20}th _{May 2015;}

2.2 Sampling and methods

Acid-cleaned Teflon-coated Niskin-X samplers, mounted on conductivity-temperature-depth carousel multi-sampling system (CTD-CMS) attached to Vectran armored cable wire, were used to collect the seawater samples in the East China Sea (KH-15-3). In Ariake Sea and Tachibana Bay, acid-cleaned Teflon-coated X-type Niskin samplers, mounted on conductivity-temperature-depth carousel multi-sampling system (CTD-CMS), were used to collect the seawater samples. Samples were acidified to pH less than 1.8 using ultrapure HCl (Tamapure AA-100, Tama Chemicals), and stored at room temperature.

Figure 2. CTD-CMS used for collecting seawater samples

Samples used for total dissolved trace metals analysis were placed under UV radiation for 60 minutes to destroy all organic ligands prior to analysis. A resin column was made by packing 0.6 grams of chelating resin into a column. Before introducing the sample, the column should be washed by 15 ml of 2 M HNO3 two times followed by 15 ml of MQW, and 15 ml of acetic

buffer at pH 6. 30 ml of seawater at pH 2 was adjusted to pH 6.2-6.3 with acetic acid and ammonium acetate buffer. Hereafter, the sample was introduced to the column by peristaltic pump. Immediately after all the samples were passed through the column, the column was

washed by acetic buffer in order to remove the sea-salt remaining in the column. In the final step, the metals of interest that were bonded in column were eluted by using 5 ml of 2 M HNO3

introduced into the column using Teflon syringe from the opposite direction. All the conditioning steps and sample loading were performed at a flow rate of 2 ml/min, and the elution rate was about 1 ml/min. The concentration factor of the sample was about 6 times. Concentrations of Cd, Mn, Pb, Cu and Zn were determined using a high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS).

3. Results and discussion

In the East China Sea, the higest concentration of total dissolved Cu was found at the surface (10 m) in AND-26, where [Cu] = 2.6 nM. Salinity of surface water at this station was relatively low when compared to those of other stations, and this can be attributed to the freshwater discharge from Yangtze River, which is likely a major source of copper into the East China Sea [8];[9]. Vertical profiles of Cu, Zn, and Cd, were nutrient-type. Meanwhile, Pb and Mn showed scavenging-type profile in these areas. High concentrations of Mn were found at the bottom layer of AND-31. Mn concentrations increased from 1.4 nM to 3.6 nM at the bottom layer. This could be caused by remineralization at bottom sediment [12].

In Tachibana Bay, station T1 which is located near the hot spring area, showed slight decrease of total dissolved metal concentrations (0.23nM to 0.13nM for Cd; 0.061nM to 0.039nM for Pb; 2.7nM to 2.1nM for Cu and 7.3nM to 5.8nM for Zn). This result could be attributed to the presence of hydrothermal activities in this area because of sulfide formation and precipitations [13]; [14]; [15]; [16].

Negative correlation between salinity and Cu was found (R2_{=0.86) in Ariake Sea, suggesting}

the most important sources of Cu was freshwater discharge.. Meanwhile, the other trace elements could be controlled by several factors, such as scavenging process, water residence time, atmospheric deposition and the water circulation.

References

[1] Morel, F.M.M., Milligan, A.J., and Saito, M.A., 2004. Marine bioorganic chemistry: the

role of trace metals in the oceanic cycles of major nutrients. Treatise on geochemistry, 6,

113-143.

[2] Viarengo, A., 1985. Biochemical effects of trace metals. Marine Pollution, 16, 153-158. [3] Magdelano,A., Gomez, C.E., Velez, C.G., Accorinti, J., 1997. Preliminary toxicity test

using the green alga, Ankistrodesmus falcatus. Environmental Toxicology and Water

Quality,12, 11-14.

[4] Hodson, P.V., 1988. The effect of metal metabolism on uptake, disposition and toxicity in

fish. Aquatic Toxicology, 11, 3-18.

[5] Boyle, E.A., and Edmond, J.M., 1975. Copper in surface waters south of New Zealand.

Nature, 253, 107-109.

[6] Boyle, E.A., 1988. Cadmium: chemical tracer of deepwater paleoceanography.

Palaeceanography, 3, 471-489.

[7] Flegal, A.R. and Patterson, C.C., 1983. Vertical concentration profiles of lead in the

Central Pacific at 150_{N and 20}0_S.

Earth Planet Science Letter, 64, 19-32. Koshikawa,

M.K., Takamatsu, T., Takada, J., Zhu, M., Xu, B., Chen, Z., Murakami, S., Xu, K., Watanabe, M., 2007. Distributions of dissolved and particulate elements in the Yangtze estuary in 1997-2002: Background data before the closure of the Three Gorges Dam. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 71, 26-36.

[8] Koshikawa, M.K., Takamatsu, T., Takada, J., Zhu, M., Xu, B., Chen, Z., Murakami, S.,

Yangtze estuary in 1997-2002: Background data before the closure of the Three Gorges Dam. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 71, 26-36.

[9] Abe, K., Ishihi, Y., Watanabe, Y., 2003. Dissolved copper in the Yellow Sea and the East

China Sea - Cu as a tracer of the Changjiang discharge. Deep-Sea Research II 50, 327-337.

[10] Granger, J and Ward, B.B., 2003. Accumulation of nitrogen oxides in copper-limited

cultures of denitrifying bacteria. Limnology and Oceanography, 48, 313-318.

[11] Bruland, K.W. and Lohan, M.C., 2003. Controls of trace metals in seawater. Treatise on

Geochemistry. Edited by: Elderfield,H., Elsevier Science Ltd., Cambridge.

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the Yellow Sea. Geochemical Journal, 30, 41-55.

[13] Edmond, J.M., Damm, K.L., McDuff, R.E., Measures, C.I., 1982. Chemistry of hot

springs on the East Pacific Rise and their effluent dispersal. Nature (London), 297,

187-191.

[14] Godfrey, L.V., Mills, R., Elderfield, H., Gurvich, E., 1994. Lead behavior at the TAG

hydrothermal vent field, 260_{N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge.}

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[16] Trocine, R.P., and Trefry, J.H., 1988. Distribution and chemistry of suspended particles

from an active hydrothermal vent site on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 260_N.

Earth and

2.

Local Culture of Serawai South Bengkulu District

Dihamri

1*

, Haimah

1

, Abditama Srifitriani

1

1_{The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education}

_,

_{University Prof. Dr. Hazairin, SH}

Bengkulu

*

Email:

dihamrimanaransyah@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Serawai tribe is the second largest indigenous tribe in Bengkulu province after Rejang tribe. Serawai tribe is the largest population in South Bengkulu district. Serawai tribe is rich in local wisdom, but as the changing times of Serawai Local Wisdom have been extinct. The long-term aim of this research is to conserve Serawai culture in South Bengkulu district. Specific objectives to be achieved in this study is to describe the Local Wisdom that is still used Serawai tribe in everyday life. The nature of this study using a qualitative approach. Primary data sources and secondary data. Data collection techniques: in-depth interviews, limited observation and documentation. Data analysis is carried out continuously from start to finish. There are 20 Local Wisdom still done in everyday life. Adults generation or older of Serawai tribe in generally still understand Local Wisdom and still carry out in everyday life. Local wisdom of the Serawai tribe has changed alot even from the influence of the inside and from outside. There should be concrete efforts by governments and society to preserve the values of Local Wisdom.

Keywords: Serawai, Local Wisdom, South Bengkulu

1. Introduction

[1] suggests that culture according to the science of anthropology is the whole system of ideas, actions and the work of human beings in the life of society that made human self by learning. Further Koentjaraningrat [1] suggests that cultural there are seven elements that can be found in all nations of the world. The seven elements are: 1. Language, 2. System knowledge, 3. Social organization, 4. System of life equipment and technology, 5. Eye system

Culture with institutions including local wisdom can change even dynamically, since there is no static and closed culture. Cultural change can occur because of the factors within the culture itself means that its supporters feel that some cultural institutions must be changed and adapted to the sound development found in their social life. Social change can also occur because of contacts with other cultural supporters.

Kisley Davis [2] argues that social change is part of cultural change. Changes in culture include all its parts, namely: art, science, technology, philosophy, and so on, even changes in the form and rules of social organization. According Rahyono [3] local wisdom is the human intelligence possessed by certain ethnic groups obtained through the experience of society. It means local wisdom is the result of a particular society through their experience and certainly experienced by other communities. These values will be attached very strongly to a particular society and that value has been through a long time, as long as the existence of that society.

specifically refers to a limited interaction space with a limited value system as well. As an interaction space that has been designed in such a way that it involves patterns of relationships between humans and their physical environment. In some areas of the homeland has a lot of local wisdom to be an example especially environmental management such as Panglima Laot in Aceh, Awig-awig in Buleleng Bali.

According to [3] local wisdom is a view of life and science and various life strategies that manifest the activities undertaken by local communities in answering various problems in the fulfillment of their needs. In foreign languages it is often conceived as local policy Local Wisdom.

In Bengkulu province there are eight indigenous tribes: Rejang tribe, Lembak tribe, Serawai tribe, Muko-Muko tribe, Pekal tribe, Kaur tribe, Basemah tribe and Enggano tribe. The immigrant tribe are: Java, Bugis, Madura, Minangkabau, Batak, Sundanese, Nias and others.

Serawai tribe as indigenous tribe in South Bengkulu district, rich of Local Wisdom. In the modernization era of local wisdom Serawai tribe that has been guided in the daily life of the generation of generation, began to change even many who have become extinct.

There must be a serious and concrete effort to preserve it, so that the Serawai tribe becomes a modern society but still has its own cultural characteristic, such as the Sundanese in West Java, the Javanese in Central Java, the Balinese in Bali and other tribes in Indonesia even abroad Japan, South Korea, China and others.

2. Methods

In this research, the approach used is qualitative approach. Qualitative approach is an approach to describe events, human behavior and a situation in certain of course in detail and depth in the form of narration. By using a qualitative approach it will be understood local wisdom Serawai still used in daily life.

The research location focused on Serawai tribe who live in South Bengkulu district.

The data needed to reveal the local wisdom of Serawai tribe will be obtained through the informants. The informants for this research were determined purposively which consisted of the initial informant is the head of office (Kesbang). Key informants of Custom Chairman or former Chairman custom, Serawai tribe community in South Bengkulu district, religious figures and Serawai leaders in South Bengkulu district.

Data collection technique :

1. Limited observation. In relation to the researcher will try to observe the activity of Serawai life especially about local wisdom which still used in society.

2. Interview. To carry out the interview, the guidelines are made as reference and the interview instrument is open, structured with guidance.

3. Focus group Discussion.

4. Documentation Study. Used for document source accuracy, useful for research evidence, and in accordance with non-reactive qualitative standards.

The data analysis in this research is schematic, narrative, and description also explanation data from informant both oral and written document. In detail can be explained as follows:

1. Records. In doing this research, the researcher recording interview with khusususnya informants who are considered necessary to collected data. Recorded data is compiled in bnetuk transcript of the interview.

2. Field Records. In making notes in the field, the researchers conducted a procedure by recording all the events that actually occurred in the field of research..

3. Documentation. This data is collected through a variety of data sources written, both related to the problem of objective conditions and also supporters of other data.

The data analyst in this research is essentially done continuously from the beginning to the end of the research. In this data analysis the data is compiled, that is classified in pattern or theme.

This research strategy includes the phasing of data collection techniques and data analysis. This study follows several steps as follows:

1. Selection of research sites.

2. First visits and self-familiarization.

3. Primary data collection by interview and observation.

4. Develop interview transcripts and observation results based on the theme. 5. Prepare a draft report.

6. Seminar on research results. 7. Compile reports.

8. Publish books and scientific publications.

In the research, done check the validity of data through: credibility and konfirmabilitas.

3. Results And Discussion

Local Wisdom of Serawai tribe in South Bengkulu District are:

3.1 Mbasuh Tangan

Gratitude for the birth of a baby after the age of 40 days. The show is a simple dinner but if the family is capable then it is held with a big party. Now the event has started to change especially for the people who are Muslim and live in urban areas with an event called Aqikah. The values contained in the mbasuh tangan event are, among others, religious values, responsibilities and values of togetherness or help. Religious value means to be grateful to a baby by the Almighty and ask the Almighty for the salvation of the baby. The value of responsibility in this event parents are required responsibility to take care of the needs of the baby whether it is food or nutritional needs, spiritual needs and education and other needs. It also contains the value of togetherness or please help, among others, in this event the surrounding community will help or help in the preparation, implementation and after the event. If the event is large enough to be formed to the committee to launch the event implementation.

3.2 Beterang

Beterang means the same as circumcision but if circumcision for boys, if it is for girls who will enter adolescence. The parents of the little girl explain or tell the community that they already have children into adolescence. The event was held by inviting relatives and relatives and neighbors in the celebration or meal together and girls who will be adorned adolescent decorated like a bride and held a procession of traditional dance betereng. The values contained therein are moral values, religious values and social values. The moral values of adolescents (girls) need to be jointly guarded or the community from negative things, the community participates in giving advice, example guidance so that adolescents become children who maintain morality as a teenager. The religious value of being grateful to the Power of growing up has become a teenage girl and please ridhoNya for his life is blessed. The social value means that young women begin to play a role in helping or participating in society according to their abilities, learning to help or pay attention to their fellow human beings.

3.3 Rejung

know about the rejung. Rejung contains artistic, ethical or moral values and religious. Artistic value shows one's skills singing Rejung. It also contains ethical or moral values because in the rejection can be advice or moral messages and religious values, not greedy honest and grateful for the fortune earned every day.

3.4 Betembang (Tembang)

Betembang is singing poems or rhymes accompanied by a single guitar. The guitar is picked rhythmically. Poetry or rhyme usually tells the relationship of young moods who are making love. In the era before the eighties, young Serawai serfs meet at night in the event of the crowd such as circumcision, marriage and others. Young people can also meet at home girls from eight to ten o'clock. The single guitar is usually under the bell as a sign of upcoming greetings and entertainment during the visit. Tembang is also sung by adults or married people who are singed on a single guitar or do not use a single guitar. The content of adult adult songs usually tells of everyday life. Trekandung value in it, among others, the value of beauty, friendship, romance and religious or praise to God.

3.5 Tari Andun

Tari Andun is a dance performed at a wedding party. This dance is danced by the bride and groom with relatives or family. This dance is also performed at weddings in pairs of young mothers who have no blood relation. Andun Dance is still done by the community but has many changes, among others, if the first dance was danced day and night by circling the buffalo that had closed his eyes and closed his ears. Now it is rare to find danun andun still around the buffalo that had been closed eyes and ears. The buffalo has been replaced with wreaths placed on the table. The values contained include beauty, religion and ethics. The beauty of dancing by using traditional dress and danced with arms stretched like a flying eagle is added move the body left and right back and forth and accompanied kulintang music (sort of gamelan) and tambourine. Religious means that the dance is performed in the joy of Blessing the Power of marriage and ask the blessing of the community to make the two brides happy. The moral ethics between dance andun is a young paired dance. Young men who danced in pairs should not have any close relatives or blood relations.

3.6 Setulungan

Setulungan means to help each other. Joint forms like mutual cooperation in good work and in misfortune. If not participating in the ancestor then it can be considered in society as a selfish person. The ancestors still exist especially the people who are still living in the countryside. In some places this sutulungan changed its name to ambeik aeian. The point is to ambeik aeian is

turn to help for example on the activities of planting rice, panin or other activities. The value of this wisdom, among others, is social gotong royong, the community help each other in a happy or difficult state. Besides, the value of tolerance because in mutual cooperation does not distinguish tribe, religion, economy, race and other differences in society.

3.7 Melami

Melami is a greeting. Serawai tribe has a friendly habit to others especially greeting guests or someone when met or berintraksi though not yet known. If you do not say hello then it will be considered rude or arrogant. Melami is still taught by parents to children. The values contained among others the value of respect for humanity and value help. Society is taught to respect human beings even if not known. The value of helping to make sense of it, among others, guest goods that come need the help or attention from the community.

3.8 Jangan Geduak

3.9 Belaeam (Nurut)

The point is that if one is to succeed or to advance is obedient to the parent's orders and norms in family, society, country and religion. Diligent in working and doing what is considered good by family and society. Abstinence gives up in trouble and does not follow-up bad things. The value contained is a persistent struggle but does not violate the norms prevailing in society. Belaeam also mengadung religious value means to work hard, respect others as a form or a form of religious person. Belaeam still prevails in society especially with the many foreign cultural influences on the younger generation then these belaeam values can fortify the young generation from various negative influences by sticking to the values taught ancestors Serawai.

3.10 Neman (Rajin)

Neman means to work harder or more diligently than usual. If used for the size of neman is if the boys youth, the fields are clean of weeds and neighboring rice fields and many paninya results. If the young woman is seen from the number of wood fire, clean house hut and clean chili milled rock. This value is also present in the community. Parents still teach through words or deeds so that children become benasu (diligent). This value is also present in the community. Parents still teach through words or deeds for children to become benasu (diligent).

3.11 Himat (Hemat)

The meaning is that the Serawai tribe is taught from small to thrifty, able to manage the economy well. After the panin is usually can be predicted enough or excessive panin output for the needs before the next panin. A farmer usually already knows how much rice is stored for purposes until the next panin. If it will sell rice or rice for other purposes after going through the calculation. Around the 1970s Serawai tribe farmers who generally farmers usually store the pan in tengkiang (small stage house size of approximately 3 m x 3 m) which was established

near the house. The farmer will store the rice in the tuna and will not sell unless the estimate of the rice farmer is more than the need for feeding before the next harvest period. If you eat should not be left because it is considered rice (seangsei) (gift of the Almighty). In this wisdom

Serawai tribe has the value of saving and relgius.

3.12 Ngawuak

The point is that families can not afford to get help from capable families. Ngawuak is usually associated with livestock, buffalo, cow or goat. Disadvantaged families can have livestock according to ability. For example the price of female buffalo one tail Rp. 5,000,000. Disadvantaged families can buy 1_/

8 or ¼ or ½. Then if the buffaloes have children less will get

the right to grow in multiples. This wisdom is almost extinct because the people who keep buffalo began to decrease but in the villages there are still those who do. The livelihoods of the Serawai tribe people have turned to oil palm or rubber plantations. People who raise cattle are now beginning to shift to raising cattle even in some places where people get help from government cows. The system used by the government is somewhat different because the aid of cattle is given to the farmer group while the ngawuak is more among the rich individuals who help the poor. In Ngawuak contained value, which is able to help the less able or help to improve the economy. The ngawuak also contained the value of tenacity and patience because poor farmers started small and were patiently taken care of to achieve greater results.

3.13 Nyandau / Megang

That is a pledge usually a field or a garden. Serawai farmers abstain from selling rice fields or gardens if not for something very important especially related to economic problems. But if there is difficulty in terms of economics to overcome can be done by Nyandau or Megang.

Nyandau means someone needs money, borrow money to someone with the guarantee of rice

fields or gardens with a specific agreement such as waku pawn. The value contained is appreciating economic resources and thinking and acting cautiously.

3.14 Dendang

violin, two rings, two plates, two handkerchiefs, two long cloths, one umbrella, a drum and a serunai. Dendang there are 15 stages or sessions that if done in full duration of about 6 to 7 hours. Each stage is interspersed with about twenty to thirty minutes of rest time. And every break there is a dish or a snack and a drink. Each stage is distinctive or different. Implementation of the dendang is usually done at night starting at around eight o'clock or 20:00 to 2 or 3 o'clock in the morning depending on the number of participants or dance and rhyme and the festivity and luxury or economic level of the host organizer. Dendang is usually performed as a form of entertainment before or after the wedding or can also be done at aqikah or sunatan event or if now a big day, such as independence day, anniversary of district, subdistrict and other big day. The stages of Art Dendang (informant Mr. Sairi Chairman of Air Nipis District and Mr. Lasim Chairman of BMA Pino District) are as follows: (1) Belidang.

This stage tool used is tambourine, shawl and one unit of violin. The song is called limp dance. The dancers of two people, accompanied by chanting pantun bersahutan and chanting violin sounds and the sound of tambourine drum beaked with the rhythm participants who follow the rhythm of the violin. At this stage dance performed two sessions can be more appropriate with the number of participants kicking. (2) Lagu Duau. This stage is a tool used tambourine, a violin

unit and one small handkerchief or shawl with free color. The dancers of two people, accompanied by chanting pantun bersahutan by the participants kick and tambourine tambana that rhythm follow the rhythm of the violin. At this stage the dance performed two sessions can be more appropriate to many participants kick. After this stage a twenty to thirty minute break takes place. (3) Dendang Ketapang. This stage of the tool is used tambourine and one violin

unit. At this stage there is no dance. At this stage only rhymes are said about the difficult and tortuous journey of life and its many challenges. Sometimes it is like pitying or begging for mercy. This pantun will be sung by two or three people accompanied by a tambourine wash and rub the violin. When the researchers interviewed Mr. Sairi, the chairman of BMA, there was Mr. Sairi's wife and a Mrs. Sairi's family mum. Both of these mothers had to almost shed tears, when Mr. Sairi explained the meaning of rhymes kicking ketapang. They deeply appreciate the meaning of the contents of the pantun in Ketapang (4) Tari Piring. A tool used in tambourines,

violins, two plates of medium-sized ceramics (such as dinner plates used at Padang's restaurant) and two rings made of lead or wire. The dancer was originally the jenang (the organizer of the dance), the next participant of the dancers or invitations made in turn. Many sessions are about two to five sessions then the session is ended by the jenang. This dance is accompanied by the sound of tambourines and the sound of violins with the rhythm of the dance to follow the rhythm of tambourine and violin. Interlude or pause between one dancer with other dancers can also be done pantun bersahutan. (5) Tari Mabuak. No tools used. One session of the dancers of

two people diringi by rhymes dangled. It takes about two to five sessions. (6) Dendang Teraja.

Tools used rebana and violin. At this stage there is no dance, there is only a rhyme pantun, which pairs about two or three people with a sharp-linked shone accompanied by the sound of tambourine and violin. If this event is held at the wedding ceremony then this stage is held bridal show greet tribute to all participants dendang or called nyembah by the bride greet all the participants dendang, then the bride returning spatial there is usually a special place for the two bride seated bersanding. (7) Tari Reduak. Tools used violin, and tambourine. The dancers are a

two-person session, with only one person playing. This dance is performed two sessions maximum of five sessions or depends on many participants who come to kick. (8) Tari Mak

Inang. The tools used are shawls, violins and tambourines. The dancers each session two

people. This dance is performed while accompanied by rebana rebound and violin and pantun bersaut, which berpantun is penarinya. Dance will be conducted two sessions maximum of five sessions. (9) Tari Payung (Tari of Pulau Pinang). The tools used are selindang, 1 umbrella,

violin and tambourine. This dance is performed two sessions or three sessions in pairs each session. Dancing with wedded panties, dancing or dancing. (10) Tari Sempaya. The tool is a

accompaniment. (11) Dendang Mambang. Tools used violin, and tambourine. At this stage

there is only a rhyming pantun. At this stage can be two or three people berpantun. (12) Rampai.

Violin and tambourine tools. At this stage no one dances, one person berpantun. After this kick if done at the wedding, the bride by dressing custom or sitting in the middle of the participants dendang. Then served drinks and pastries for the participants and the bride and groom. (13) Tari Kain Panjang. The tool used two pieces of long cloth and one tambourine and violin. The

dancers every one session two people. The sessions are two or three sessions. Long cloth dance is also done with the rhythm of tambourine and violin and pantun bersahutan. (14) Melalukah

Tari. The tool used is just a tambourine. Spoonfuls accompanied by tambourine. The dancers

are two people. (15) Rendai. Tool used two pieces of tambourine, drum (Rebana ditabuh like

drum). The dancers are two or three people. (16) Ngempatkah Dance . The tool used drum used

by the berpantun. The dancers are four people. Session narinya only once. Done This dance event is finished.

3.15 Jangan Nundau Keau Take Akae (do not invite apes to root)

The point is not to give examples or to invite others, especially young people to do, say, behave or other things that are not good in everyday life in society. This wisdom still exists and still prevails in society.

3.16 Ngibue Ulu Mandian (making turbid water in the shower place)

Serawai tribe usually bathe in the river, do not make turbid water upstream. Do not mess a problem. Be careful in addressing issues, especially issues in the community. This wisdom is still there is seen from the daily life of the community is relatively safe.

3.17 Gaduah

The point is not to make a commotion, can also have an understanding do not create problems in society. This wisdom still exists, it can also be seen the life of the community is relatively safe.

3.18 Nueuni

Thanksgiving event or thank to the Creator for the blessing of rice panin. The event was held the first day family of rice harvest. The first harvest was taken seven rice stalks from seven rice groves in the rice field that is palak aik (most upstream) or rice grown in rice fields that flowed first into the rice field (water gate). The first rice in the panin is stored to be mixed with seed or seed for the next year. This event usually calls a rice field neighbor or village to eat with rice coconut milk, or diamond or tapai lemang simply. This wisdom has changed, people are doing agriculture already using modern and grateful way according to their respective religions.

3.19 Nueni

Nueuni also has the understanding is to start njawat (start working the fields). Serawai tribe usually do or start work together or simultaneously. Before working the rice field usually begins with gotong mutual cooperation clean drain or water ways then nguni (sowing seed). This

wisdom is still relatively in the community, changed because wetland channels are generally built by the government and the livelihoods of the community vary and change. If the first livelihoods of the community in general paddy fields or planting rice, now switched to plant oil palm, rubber, cocoa and corn and other crops.

3.20 Ibau (Ingin)

The point is there is a desire or commitment to be better in a certain field by looking at the progress that other people have. Not envy but the progress of others in a particular field is a driving force to achieve something by working hard and tenacious. This wisdom is still taught parents to children or young generation.

4. Conclusions and Suggestions

tribe has changed a lot and even disappeared due to influence from inside and outside. The government and the people of South Bengkulu district have efforts to preserve Local Wisdom, among others, the South Bengkulu District government to support the operational costs of Badan Musyawarah Adat. In each sub-district and village there is a board of customary institutions. Community life is relatively orderly because society in general still obey to local Local Wisdom.

Suggestions: (1) Government. The values of local wisdom are beginning to change so the government should strive to maintain and develop the existing Local Wisdom by creating programs and budgets for the development of the values of Local Wisdom. (2). Custom Leaders. Develop Local Wisdom by creating real and consistent programs to implement Local Wisdom in daily life. (3). Society. It preserves and keep preserves local wisdom that still exists within the Serawai society by among other things proud of local wisdom values and participate in implementing the values of Local Wisdom in everyday life and even play a real role in preserving Local Wisdom. (4) Other Researchers. Hopefully useful for research reference relating to the values of Local Wisdom, especially Local Wisdom Serawai South Bengkulu district.

References

[1] Koentjoroningrat, 2009. Pengantar Ilmu Antropologi. Jakarta: Rineke Cipta [2] Soekanto Soerjono. 1982. Sosiologi Jakarta: Rajawali Press.

[3] Fajarini Ulfah. 2014. Sosio Didaktika (Jurnal). Vol. 1, No. 2 Des 2014

[4] Juniarta Hagi Primadasa. 2013. Kajian Profil Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Pesisir Pulau

Gili Kecamatan Sumber Asih Kabupaten Probolinggo Jawa Timur (Jurnal). Ecsofim Vol.

3.

Character Education For Early Childhood

Lydia Margaretha

1* 1_{University Dehasen Bengkulu}

*

E-mail: lydiamargaretha79@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Values from an early age need to be planted because they are a shared responsibility. Character education is a process of life transformation to be grown to develop in one's behavior. Last night life was united in him. As the times progress, many teenagers do not have good character, because it is very very important for parents and educators. On the above questions, the authors want to further and the purpose of this research are: (1) Knowing the implementation of character education in children in early childhood Dahlia Kota Bengkulu, (2) Knowing the methods used in educating the character in children PAUD Dahlia Bengkulu City. ) Knowing the inhibiting factors of character education of children in early childhood Dahlia Kota Bengkulu. The method used is the qualitative method. Research location in Early Childhood Dahlia Kota Bengkulu. Data collection using interviews, observation, and documentation. The result of the research shows: (1) Character education taught in Early Childhood Dahlia is integrated in every material, but character is not a mainstay in educating character in Dahlia (2) teaching method that educates early childhood character in early childhood Dahlia using exemplary method, 3) barriers that cannot be educated characters not only come from children, but also the school, teachers, and family environment

Keywords: Character Education, Early Childhood

1. Introduction

According to Leonardy Harmainy, character education from early childhood, such as at school, in society, in college and so on

[8]

. Early Childhood Education Early childhood education Dahlia is a playgroup educational institution aimed at young children to carry out a process of introducing learning so that children can develop as a child. Preschool educational institutions. In Early Childhood Dahlia this pattern is applied in providing character education that is through habituation, games, storytelling, and do not forget the role of parents. Based on the descriptions described above, the researchers would like to explore further this qualitative research with the title Character Education For Early Childhood.

The formulation of the problem in this study described with the parts of the identification, then the problem boundary, and the last problem formulation on the more specific problems and research. Based on the formulation of the above problem, this study aims to know: (1) To know the implementation of character education in children in early childhood Dahlia Kota Bengkulu, (2) to know the method used in educating the character in early childhood in early childhood Dahlia Kota Bengkulu, (3) Knowing the inhibiting factors in the implementation of character education in children in early childhood Dahlia Kota Bengkulu.

As above character education is the process of giving guidance to learners to become fully human beings who are characterized by the dimensions of the heart of mind, body, and taste and desire. In Indonesia the range of early childhood according to the National Education System Law no. 20 the year 2003 article 28 paragraph 1 is a child with age 0-6 years. So that child who are over 6 years old are already on the primary school

[9]

. Early child age ranges are used in this research material is early child aged 0-6 years, as described and regulated in the National Education Law No. 20 of 2003 Article 28 paragraph 1 Freelance from parents raises a race to take the initiative, on the contrary, leads to guilt. The child must be able to carry out developmental tasks to prepare for adulthood.

2. Methods

This research is done in Early childhood Dahlia address road Papaya RT 11. RW 4 perumnas Lingkar east of Bengkulu City. This research uses qualitative research. Qualitative research is a study that produces analytical procedures that do not use statistical analysis procedures or other ways of strengthening (Moleong, 2009: 6). so to collect the right data using the following method: Observation, Interview, Documentation.

2.1 In this research the focus of research is:

 A form of character education applied to early childhood in early childhood Dahlia which includes, Religious, Independence and Caring.

 Methods used in the implementation of character education in early childhood in early childhood Dahlia include exemplary methods and methods of storytelling.\

 Learning model used in educating early childhood character in early childhood Dahlia which includes, combined learning model

2.2 Data Source This research is:

 Primary data source  Secondary data sources

The technique of data validity in this research is using triangulation technique. Triangulation is a technique of checking the validity of data that utilizes something else outside the data for the purposes of checking or checking this data technique utilizing something else for checking or comparing purposes.

Seidel

in

[10]

describes the process of running qualitative data analysis is as follows:

 Recording field results, with it coded to keep the data source traceable

 Collect, sort through, classify, synthesize, create an overview, and create an index  Thinking, by making the categories of data have to mean, searching and finding patterns