ABSTRACT
The sustainability processing strategy of crude palm oil industry is a supply chain approach based on clean technology and housekeeping were the main factor to be considered are biophysical aspect(earth), economy(profit and welfare), and social (human and environment).
The purpose of this research is to get an integrated production process model with clean technology by using crude palm oil liquid waste become a biomass, in other to get Environmental Sustainability of The Crude Palm Oil Industry in North Sumatera through Enhancement of Industrial Ecosystems.
This research is focused in material balance, losses, and output of the production process. The research in material balance is raw material (fruit incoming) which influence the rendemen and in losses is the production process which influence by the energy, and the output from production process such as solid waste, liquid waste, and gas.
The object of the research is PT. PP London Sumatera Indonesia Tbk, Sei Begerpang plantation, Galang sub-district; PTPN III a Rambutan Plantation Tebing Tinggi sub-district and some others PTPN in Sumatera observed from January 2009 until May 2010.
The collected data is primary and secondary data. The primary data is direct observation of the plant and the secondary data is based on structural interview from the plan management, articles, documents related to palm oil and web-based information.
Data processing methodology is done by testing the data related to number of data and its normality, and testing the factors which influenced the production process by factorial experimental design to determine clean technology of the plant by using ISO: 14000 and doing simulation by using Powersim 2005. The simulation result shows there is a significant relation among fruit incoming manufacturing process palm oil product, kernel, solid waste, liquid waste, and biomass by using two variable test with r = 0.965. While from liquid waste the biomass is found increasing each year therefore the resulted energy increase by 10%. If the condition is adopted programmed with total quality management there is a correlation between factors in resulted biomass as much as 0,318 meaning the influence between the factors has a very small influence. In reality from one ton of coconut palm fruit produce 26,7 KWh if liquid waste is processed to be electrical energy while electrical energy used in the plant for each tonnage of production need 15-17 KWh. The implementation of the program can reduce gas emission of the plant as much as 28388 tonnage CO2 each year. The gas emission guaranteed
the existing environmental conservation (Industrial Park)
Key word: Clean technology, Crude Palm Oil Industry, Industrial Ecosystem, Waste of Change, Metabolism Industry.
ABSTRAK
Model Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Kelapa Sawit secara berkelanjutan merupakan sistem pendekatan rantai pasok (Supply Chain) yang berbasis pada produksi dengan teknologi bersih (Clean Technology) dan ketatalaksanaan pabrik (House Keeping), dimana faktor utama yang perlu diperhatikan adalah aspek biophisik (planet bumi), ekonomi (profit, kesejahteraan) dan sosial (manusia dan lingkungan).
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencapai model keterpaduan proses produksi dengan teknologi bersih dengan pemanfaatan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit menjadi biomass, sehingga tercapai industri kelapa sawit di Sumatera Utara yang berkelanjutan dengan meningkatnya ekosistem industri secara lestari (Enviromental Suistainability of the Crude Palm Oil Industry in North Sumatera through Enhancement of Industrial Ecosystems).
Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer dan sekunder dari pabrik. Data primer berupa observasi langsung ke pabrik sedangkan data sekunder berupa hasil wawancara terstruktur dari pihak manajemen pabrik, sumber artikel ilmiah, dokumen asosiasi kelapa sawit dan web-based information.
Metodologi pengolahan data dilakukan adalah melakukan pengujian data yang menyangkut kecukupan dan normalitas data, pengujian faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap proses produksi dengan design experimental factorial, menentukan clean technology pada pabrik kelapa sawit dengan penilaian ISO 14000 dan melakukan simulasi dengan bantuan software Powersim 2005. Hasil simulasi yang dilakukan dengan bantuan SoftwarePowersim 2005 menunjukkan suatu hubungan yang significantly antara kedatangan buah, proses manufacturing
dan produk minyak sawit, inti sawit dan limbah padat, cair dan biomass yang menggunakan uji 2 variabel dengan R= 0,965. Sedangkan dari limbah cair akan diperoleh biomassa yang meningkat setiap tahunnya sehingga energi yang dihasilkan juga meningkat 10%. Jika setiap tahunnya dimanfaatkan secara terprogram dengan sistem Total Quality Management (TQM), dapat terlihat korelasi antar faktor penghasil biomassa menghasilkan angka 0,138, artinya pengaruh antar faktor yang mempengaruhi volume biomassa tidak begitu berpengaruh. Kenyataan dari satu ton TBS menghasilkan 26,7 KWh jika limbah cair diproses menjadi energi listrik. Sedangkan pemakaian arus listrik di pabrik kelapa sawit setiap ton produksi TBS membutuhkan 15 sampai 17 KWh. Program yang dilakukan dapat mereduksi emisi gas pada pabrik kelapa sawit sebesar 28388 ton CO2e/tahun.
Kata kunci : Clean Technology, Crude Palm Oil Industry, Industrial Ecosystem, Waste of Change , Metabolisme Industry.
