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KARAKTERISASI SIMPLISIA DAN SKRINING FITOKIMIA SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL KAYU SIWAK
(Salvadora persica Wall.) METODE DPPH
ABSTRAK
Kayu siwak atau miswak (Salvadora persica Wall.) merupakan salah satu obat tradisional pembersih gigi yang dapat mengobati luka pada gusi dan bibir. Kayu siwak mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin dan glikosida. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan karakteristik simplisia, skrining fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanolkayu siwak.
Pemeriksaan karakteriktik simplisia meliputi penetapan kadar air, kadar sari larut dalam air, kadar sari larut etanol, kadar abu total, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam. Skrining fitokimia terhadap serbuk simplisia meliputi pemeriksaan golongan senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, glikosida, tanin, dan triterpenoid/steroid. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol kayu siwak menggunakan metode pemerangkapan radikal bebas DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) diukur pada pada panjang gelombang 516 nm setelah 60 menit pada suhu kamar dengan vitamin C sebagai pembanding.
Hasil karakteristik simplisia diperoleh kadar air 6,77%, kadar sari yang larut dalam air 22,86%, kadar sari larut etanol 39,56%, kadar abu total 7,44%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,32%. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan serbuk simplisia mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, steroid/triterpenoid dan glikosida. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan menggunakan metode pemerangkapan radikal bebas DPPH diperoleh nilai Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) ekstrak etanol kayu siwak 67,88 mcg/ml dan vitamin C 2,162 mcg/ml.
Kata kunci: Kayu Siwak, (Salvadora persica Wall.), ekstrak etanol, antioksidan, DPPH
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SIMPLEX CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF WOOD SIWAK (Salvadora persica Wall.) DPPH METHOD
ABSTRACT
Wood siwak or miswak (Salvadora persica Wall.) is one of the traditional medicine tooth cleaner that can treat wounds in the gums and lips wood siwak containing flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and glycosides. The purpose of this research was to determine the characteristics of the simplex, phytochemical screening and the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract wood siwak.
Simplex characterization including water content, water soluble extract content, ethanol soluble extract content, total ash content, and acid insoluble ash content. Phytochemical screening of simplex powder including determination flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, glycoside, tanin, and triterpenoid/steroid. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract wood siwak used DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) free radical scavenging method at wave lenght 516 nm after 60 minutes at room temperature and vitamin C as standard of comparison.
The result obtained from simplex characterization were water content 6.77%, water soluble extract content 22.86%, ethanol soluble extract 39.56%, total ash content 7.44%, and acids insoluble ash content 0.32%. The result of phytochemical screening, it contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroid/triterpenoid and glycoside. The result of antioxidant activity in scavenging DPPH free radical obtained Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) value of ethanol extract wood siwak 67.88 mcg/ml and vitamin C 2.162 mcg/ml.
Keywords : antioxidant, DPPH, Wood siwak, (Salvadora persica Wall.)
