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PUTRI RAHAYU NINGSIH, 2016

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF COHESIVE DEVICES IN STUDENTS’ DISCUSSION TEXTS

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

STATEMEN T OF AUTHORIZATION_...Error! Bookmark not defined.

PREFACE_...Error! Bookmark not defined.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS_...Error! Bookmark not defined.

ABSTRACT ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

TAB LE OF CONTEN TS_{... i}

LIST OF TABLES ... v

LIST OF APPENDICES_{... vi}

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.2 Research Questions ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.3 Aims of the Study... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.4 Scope of the Study... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.5 Significance of the Study ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.6 Clarification of Key Terms ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.7 Organization of the Paper... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Texture ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2 Cohesion ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.1 Reference ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.1.1 System of Retrieval ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.1.1.1 Homophoric Reference ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.1.1.2 Exophoric Reference... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.1.1.3 Endophoric Reference... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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2.2.2.1 Types of Cohesive Conjunction ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.2.1.1 Elaboration ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.2.1.2 Extension... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.2.1.3 Enhancement ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.3 Lexical Cohesion... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.3.1 Types of Lexical Cohesion ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.3.1.1 Repetition ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.3.1.2 Synonymy ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.3.1.3 Antonymy... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.3.1.4 Hyponymy and Co-hyponymy.. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.3.1.5 Meronymy and Co- meronymy.. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.3.1.6 Collocation ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3 Cohesion in Language Pedagogy ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.4 Discussion Text ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.5 Related Research on Cohesive Devices in Students’ Writing... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.6 Concluding Remarks ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Directions... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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3.3 Site and Participants ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4 Data Collection... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.5 Data Analysis ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

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4.1.1 The Use of Reference in the Students’ Texts... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.1.1 The Way Presuming References are Demonstrated in the Texts

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4.1.1.1.1 Personal Reference... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.1.1.2 Demonstrative Reference ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.1.1.3 Comparative Reference... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.1.2 The Way Presuming References are Retrieved in the Text... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.1.2.1 Homophoric Reference ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.1.2.2 Exophoric Reference... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.1.2.3 Endophoric Reference... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.1.2.3.1 Anaphoric Reference... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.1.2.3.2 Cataphoric Reference ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.1.2.3.3 Esphoric Reference ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.1.2.3.4 Comparative Reference... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.1.2.3.5 Bridging Reference ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.1.2.3.6 Locational Reference ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.2 The Use of Conjunction in the Students’ Texts .. Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.2.1 Elaboration ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.2.2 Extension ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.2.3 Enhancement ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.3 The Use of Lexical Cohesion in the Students’ Texts.Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.3.1 Repetition ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.3.2 Synonymy ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.3.3 Antonymy ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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4.1.3.5 Meronymy and Co-Meronymy ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1.3.6 Collocation ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.2 The Contribution of Cohesive Devices Used by the Students to the

Cohesion of Their Texts ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.2.1 Keeping Track of the Participants in the Text .... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.2.2 Avoiding Text Redundancy ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.2.3 Organizing the Ideas in Logical Order. Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.2.4 Connecting parts of the text to the area of focus. Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

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5.2 Recommendations ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

REFERENCES_...Error! Bookmark not defined.

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1. Examples items serving as conjunctive adjunct of elaboration ... 19

Table 2.2. Examples items serving as conjunctive adjunct of extension ... 20

Table 2.3. Examples items serving as conjunctive adjunct of enhancement ... 22

Table 2.4. An example of discussion text ... 34

Table 4.1. The occurrence of cohesive devices in students’ discussion texts .... 43

Table 4.2. The tabulation of the type of references... 45

Table 4.3. The tabulation of system of retrieval’s realization ... 51

Table 4.4. Tabulation of the use of conjunction ... 62

Table 4.5. Tabulation of the use of lexical cohesion... 74

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix I. Students’ Discussion Texts

Appendix II. Analysis of Reference

Appendix III. Analysis of Conjunction