THE EFFECT OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL GROUP INVESTIGATION TYPE TOWARD STUDENTS’ LEARNING
OUTCOME ON VIBRATION AND WAVE SUBJECT GRADE VIII SMP NEGERI 1 LUBUK PAKAM
ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014 By:
James Wilson Reg. Number: 4103322005
Study Program: Physics Bilingual Education
THESIS
Submitted to Acquire Eligible Sarjana Pendidikan
PHYSICS DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
iv
PREFACE
The authors say the praise and gratitude to God Almighty, for all the
graces and blessings that provide health and wisdom to the author that this study
can be completed properly in accordance with the planned time.
Thesis entitled "The Effect of Cooperative Learning Model Group
Investigation Type toward Students’ Learning Outcome on Vibration and Wave
Subject Grade VIII SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam Academic Year 2013/2014",
prepared to obtain a Bachelor's degree Physical Education, Faculty of
Mathematics and Natural Science in State University of Medan.
On this occasion the authors like to thank Dr. Ridwan A. Sani, M.Si., as
Thesis Advisor who has provided guidance and suggestions to the author since the
beginning of the study until the completed of this thesis writing. Thanks also to
Alkahfi Maas Siregar, M.Si., Dr. Derlina, M.Si., and Drs. Makmur Sirait, M.Si.,
who have provided input and suggestions to complete this thesis. Thanks also
presented to Prof. Drs. Motlan, M.Sc., Ph.D as the academic supervisor also as
Dean Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and to coordinator of bilingual
Prof. Dr. rer.nat. Binari Manurung, M.Si., and the entire lecturer and staff in
physics department of FMIPA UNIMED who have helped the
author. Appreciation were also presented to headmaster and all teachers,
especially to my teacher advisor M. Mahmud, S.Pd., in SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk
Pakam who have helped during this research. I would like to thank especially to
my father Hotniasi Simanungkalit, my mother Rosmawati Naiborhu, S.Pd., and
my grand parents also my sister, Tetti Meliati Simanungkalit, my brother
Guspriadi Simanungkalit and Palti Marulam Simanungkalit also all family who
have prayed and gave me encouragement and funding to complete my study in
Unimed. Especially also thanks to Meiva Marthaulina as my close friend who
giving support and motivation. Also thanks to all my friends in Bilingual Physics
Class 2010, Fitri, Roffi, Rindy, Feggi, Tika, Evi, Uli, Christine, Jovan, Nurazizah,
Rikcy, Indra, Jeneva, Lindudeen and Riando who have helped, prayed and gave
v
Andre, Fenny, Dewi, Bernike, Hendra, Tiara and Jeneva who have helped and
gave support during writting this thesis. Then, thank you to all of my rent house
friend, Meiva, Maria, Nelly, Dahlia, Christy, Rina, Harrys, Bang Jonli, Doni,
Hermanto, Andri and Erikson.
The author has endeavored to as much as possible in completing this
thesis, but the author is aware there are many drawbacks in terms of both content
and grammar, then the authors welcome any suggestions and constructive
criticism from readers for this thesis perfectly. The author hope the contents of
this paper would be useful in enriching the reportoire of knowledge.
Medan, July 2014
Author,
iii
The Effect of Cooperative Learning Model Group Investigation Type Toward Students’ Learning Outcome on Vibration and Wave
Subject Grade VIII SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam Academic Year 2013/2014
James Wilson (Reg. Number 4103322005) ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was: to know the students’ learning outcome; and to know the effect of cooperative learning model group investigation type toward students’ learning outcome on vibration and wave subject grade viii SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam Academic Year 2013/2014. The research method was quasi experiment. The population was all students at class VIII SMP N 1 Lubuk Pakam semester II consist of 8 classes. The sample of this research conduct two classes and consist of 38 students, class VIII-A as experimental class and class VIII-D as control class and define by cluster random sampling. The data was normal distribution and homogeneity. The result that was obtained: The average value in experimental class after given treatment is 6.750 and the average value in control class after given treatment is 5.697. So it can be concluded that the students’ learning outcome using cooperative learning model group investigation type is better than conventional learning on vibration and wave subject grade VIII SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam academic year 2013/2014.
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CONTENT
page
Legitimation Sheet i
Biography ii
Abstract iii
Preface iv
Contents vi
List of Figure ix
List of Table x
List of Appendix xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1
1.1.Background 1
1.2.Problem Identification 5
1.3.Problem Limitation 5
1.4.Problem Formulation 5
1.5.Research Objective 6
1.6.Research Benefit 6
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1. Theoretical Study 7
2.1.1. Understanding of Learning, Teaching and learning outcomes 7
2.1.1.1. Understanding of Learning 7
2.1.1.2. Understanding of Teaching 8
2.1.1.3. Understanding of Learning Outcomes 8
2.1.2. Cooperative Learning Model Group Investigation Type 9
2.1.2.1. Model of Learning Definition 9
2.1.2.2. Definition of Cooperetive Learning 10
2.1.2.3. Group Investigation 12
2.1.3. Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach 13
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2.1.3.2. Understanding of Contextual Teaching Learning Approach 14
2.1.3.3. Why Contextual Approach Being Option 19
2.1.4. Conventional Learning Model 19
2.2. Subject Matter 21
2.2.1. Vibration And Wave 21
2.2.1.1. Vibration 21
2.2.1.2. Deviation And Amplitude 21
2.2.1.3. Vibration Period 22
2.2.1.4. Vibration Frequency 22
2.2.2. Wave 23
2.2.2.1. Mechanical Wave 23
2.2.2.2. Electromagnetic Wave 23
2.2.2.3. Transverse Wave 24
2.2.2.4. Longitudinal Wave 25
2.2.2.5. The Relationship of Period, Frequency,
And Wave Propagation Velocity 25
2.2.3. Conceptual Framework 26
2.2.4. Hypothesis 27
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 28
3.1. Location and Time of Research 28
3.1.1. Population and Sample of Research 28
3.1.2. Population of Research 28
3.1.3. Sample of Research 28
3.2. Variable of Research 28
3.3. Type and Design of Research 29
3.3.1. Type of Research 29
3.3.2. Design of Research 29
3.4. Research Procedure 30
3.5. Research Instrument 32
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3.5.2 Validity Test 34
3.6. Technique of Collecting Data 34
3.6.1. Beginning Phase 34
3.6.2. Phase Collecting Data 34
3.7. Techniques of Data Analysis 35
3.7.1. Calculating mean and standard deviation 35
3.7.2. Normality Test 35
3.7.3. Homogeneity Test Data 36
3.7.4. Similarity Test 37
3.7.4.1. Test of similarity mean pretest (test t both of side) 37
3.7.4.2. Test of similarity mean posttest (test t of one side) 37
CHAPTER IV RESULT OF RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION 39
4.1. Result of Research 39
4.1.1. Pre-Test Score of Students in Experiment and Control Class 40
4.1.2. Data Analysis of Pre-Test 41
4.1.2.1. Normality Test of Pre-Test Data 41
4.1.2.2. Homogeneity Test of Pre-Test 42
4.1.2.3. Hypotheses Test of Pre-Test Data 42
4.1.3. Post-Test Score of Students in Exeriment and Control Class 43
4.1.4. Data Analysis of Post-Test 44
4.1.4.1. Normality Test of Post-Test Data 44
4.1.4.2. Homogeneity Test of Post-Test 45
4.1.4.3. Hypotheses Test of Post-Test Data 45
4.2. Result Findings 46
4.3. Discussion 47
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 48
5.1. Conclusion 48
5.2. Suggestion 49
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LIST OF TABLE
page
Table 3.1. Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design 29
Table 3.2. Table Specification of Learning Outcome on
Vibration and Wave Subject 31
Table 4.1. Pre-Test and Post-Test Score in Experiment
and Control Class 39
Table 4.2. Pre-Test Score in Experiment and Control Class 40
Table 4.3. Normality Test of Pre-Test Data in Experiment
and Control Class 41
Table 4.4. Homogeneity Test of Pre-Test Data 42
Table 4.5. Hyphoteses Test of Pre-Test Data 42
Table 4.6. Post-Test Data in Experiment Class and Control Class 43
Table 4.7. Normality Test of Post-Test Data in Experiment
and Control Class 44
Table 4.8. Homogeneity Test of Post-Test Data 45
xi
LIST OF APPENDIX
page
Appendix 1 Lesson Plan I 52
Appendix 2 Lesson Plan II 61
Appendix 3 Lesson Plan III 70
Appendix 4 Work Sheet I 79
Appendix 5 Work Sheet II 81
Appendix 6 Pre-Test Question 84
Appendix 7 Lattice Pre-Test Question 90
Appendix 8 Post-Test Question 103
Appendix 9 Lattice Post-Test Question 109
Appendix 10 Pre-Test Result in Control Class 122
Appendix 11 Post-Test Result in Control Class 124
Appendix 12 Pre-Test Result in Experiment Class 126
Appendix 13 Post-Test Result in Experiment Class 128
Appendix 14 Calculation of Mean and Standard Deviation
in Control Class 130
Appendix 15 Calculation of Mean and Standard Deviation
in Experiment Class 132
Appendix 16 Normality Test of Pre-Test Data in Control Class 134
Appendix 17 Normality Test of Pre-Test Data in Experiment Class 135
Appendix 18 Normality Test of Post-Test Data in Control Class 136
Appendix 19 Normality Test of Post-Test Data in Experiment Class 137
Appendix 20 Homogeneity Test 138
Appendix 21 Hypotheses Test 143
Appendix 22 List of Critical Value for Liliefors 149
Appendix 23 Table of Region Under Normal Curve 0 To z 150
Appendix 24 List of Percentil Value for Distribution F 151
Appendix 25 List of Percentil Value for Distribution t 153
1
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background
Education is very important for everyone anywhere and anytime.
Education is one way to change the fate. Through education every person will get
the ability to competitive. In the Sanjaya (2009:2) stated that UU No. 20 of 2003
about National Education System said education is a planned conscious effort to
create learning condition and learning process so that learners are actively to
develop their potential for spiritual strengthen such as religious, self-control, good
personality, good intelligence, good character and skills for state and nation.
Realize this, the government is very serious about education, because through a
good education system expected to appear next qualified generation and able to
adjust to survive for living in society, state and nation.
And then, the Government in the Ministry of Education and Culture issued
curriculum 2013 with the theme "curriculum can produce Indonesian people
which productive, creative, innovative and affective through the strengthen
integrated attitude, skill and knowledge". Government believed the curriculum
2013 as a way to overcome the problem education in this country. The presence of
curriculum 2013 aimed to make the youth generations more active, creative, have
good skill and attitude and also intelligence young generation who can answer the
challenge of globalization era, so that they can competitive nationally and
internationally. The curriculum 2013 requires students to be useful in skill,
attitude and knowledge in society for state and nation.
But, the government can not fend for themselves, which is required in the
participation all of education stakeholders include: the Department of Education,
Superintendent, Principals, Teachers, Parents, School Committee, School,
Community, Business and Industries World, as well as all parent agencies directly
2
unite and support the success of national education goals stated in the UU No. 20
of 2003 about the National education system, verse 3 stated the national education
goal to develop the students potential become people with faith and fear of God
Almighty, healthy, knowledgeable, skill, creative, independent, and become
democratic and responsible citizen (Sani, 2013:viii).
In the school, teacher is the most influential stakeholders toward the
quality and ability of student, because teacher is interact and communicate
directly to the student. Students are educated by teacher at school every day. The
ability of teacher to educate is very influential to success or failure the learning
activities (KBM) at schools. For the teacher must be able to present learning
activities more active, creative, and fun to get golden generation in the future. So,
it can be conclude the education is very important and key to be success state and
nation.
Physics is natural science. Physics is phenomenon. Physics is concept not
just formula. So, the researcher try to take the learning approach or learning model
connected to natural phenomenon. Based on observation data done by researcher
on February 08th 2014 to class VIII-A and VIII-D in SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam
from 70 students got the students interest to physics learning is 44.02 %. From the
questionnaire found that 40% of students stated physics is a difficult and less
interest subject, 50% of students stated physics is an ordinary subject, 5.71% of
students stated physics is a bored subject, and only 4.29% of students stated
physics is easy and fun subject. From the questionnaire data also found that just
22.86 % teacher make group discussion in the class, so the students seldom to do
team work in learning process. And then, when researcher ask the students in the
class only ± 35.71% from 70 of students pass the physical exam and the others are
still under KKM. From the data above, researcher know that students’ interest
toward physics subject is low and need to be increased.
Based on interview researcher with natural science teacher Mahmud that
3
outcome of students in physics still low that is 50 % in class VIII , this case look
from daily test, daily activity in the class, homework, mid semester and semester
test of the students. Several factors cause the low average value of students’
learning outcome that is the teacher not use variation of the learning model or just
use conventional model, less allow optimum use of learning media, and the
interest of students to physics is low. In addition, teachers are also less linking
subject matter in daily life, which is 42.86% of students stated that the teachers
connect materials to daily life only in early material. From the observation,
researcher can conclude that the learning process dominated by teacher and still
use lecture, question and answer, and discussion method. It is spoken by Dimyati
and Mudjiono (2009:117) domination of teacher in learning process cause the
students more passively, students more waiting for serving from the teacher than
find their own knowledge, skill and attitude. The teacher made as source of
information, so finally the students more passive and just listen the teacher
explanation in learning activities. This condition can be make the students bored
and cause the students understanding toward physical concept is low, this
situation make physics is difficult and bored subject.
From the problem above the researcher has reason to take Cooperative
Learning Model Group Investigation Type on subject Vibration and Wave.
Contextual Teaching and Learning is learning approach which linked physics with
examples in daily life which ever seen, touched, even used by students. According
to Trianto (2010:281) says that Contextual Teaching and Learning is learning
concept to help students to relate between matter and real situation also it can
encourage the students to make relation between their own knowledge with its
implementation in daily life. It involves seven main components, they are:
constructivism, questioning, inquiry, learning community, modeling, and
authentic assessment. According to Istarani (2012:86) says that Group
Investigation is learning with group model, every students make in several group
for solve the physics problem. So, researcher do Cooperative Learning Model
4
The research about Cooperative Learning Model Group Investigation has
been researched by Dedi Suhendri (408121036), The result of pretest in
experiment class is 41,88 and 42,81 in control class. After given the treatment for
each class got the average postest by Group Investigation is 80,31 where as in
Conventional Model is 75,63. From this research the Group investigation have effect toward students’ learning outcome on calor subject grade VII semester I SMP IT Al-Fityan Medan T.P 2012/2013. And The research about Contextual
Approach has been researched by Ridola Lumbaraja (409631021). The result for increasing of students’ learning outcome with Contextual Approach using demonstration method is 67 % and increasing of students’ learning outcome with
lecturer method is 44 %. So, got the different of students’ learning outcome is
23%. So, Contextual Approach can increasing the students’ learning outcome on
chemical solution of electrolit and nonelectrolit subject grade SMA Negeri 1
Tanjung Morawa.
From the both researcher above have some disadvantages such as the
efectivity of time from each group, students confuse to found and investigate
about topic because the students not accustomed. So, researcher will do time
management to make good investigation to each group and researcher will guide
students during group investigation and implementate this model more better.
Based on explanation above, with Group Investigation researcher interest
to do research about “The Effect of Cooperative Learning Model Group Investigation Type Toward Students’ Learning Outcome on Vibration and Wave Subject Grade VIII SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam Academic Year
5
1.2. Problem Identification
Based on the background of problem above, the relevant problem which
identified are:
1. Physics learning outcome of the student SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam is
still under KKM.
2. The student SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam assume that physics is difficult
and bored.
3. Student interest to learn physics is low.
1.3. Problem Limitation
To give scope clearly in discussion, the problem limitation are:
1. Researcher do research to solve the students’ learning outcome on
vibration and wave subject.
2. The learning model which use in vibration and wave subject is
Cooperative Learning Model Group Investigation Type and Conventional
Learning Model.
3. The research location in SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam Grade VIII
Academic Year 2013/2014.
1.4. Problem Formulation
Based on problem identification above, so the formulation of problem in
this research:
1. How is the students’ learning outcome of Cooperative Learning Model
Group Investigation Type on Vibration and Wave Subject Grade VIII
SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam Academic Year 2013/2014?
2. How is The Effect of Cooperative Learning Model Group Investigation
Type Using toward Students’ Learning Outcome on Vibration and Wave
Subject Grade VIII SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam Academic Year
6
1.5. Research Objective
Based on problem formulation above, so the purpose in this research is:
1. To know the students’ learning outcome of Cooperative Learning Model
Group Investigation Type on Vibration and Wave Subject Grade VIII
SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam Academic Year 2013/2014.
2. To know The Effect of Cooperative Learning Model Group Investigation
Type toward Students’ Learning Outcome on Vibration and Wave
Subject Grade VIII SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam Academic Year
2013/2014.
1.6. Research Benefit
The benefits from this research are:
1. For SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam, as additional information and
suggestion to school principal and teacher in choose the proper learning
model, learning method, or learning approach to increase the students’
learning outcome.
2. For State University Of Medan, as additional literature in research
department about The Effect of Cooperative Learning Model Group
Investigation Type toward Students’ Learning Outcome on Vibration and
Wave Subject Grade VIII SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam Academic Year
2013/2014.
3. For researcher, to increase knowledge and experience especially about
The Effect of Cooperative Learning Model Group Investigation Type
toward Students’ Learning Outcome on Vibration and Wave Subject
48
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion
Based on the research result, data analysis, and discussion can be
concluded that:
1. The students’ learning outcome on vibration and wave subject Grade
VIII SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam Academic Year 2013/2014 after give
the treatment of Cooperative Learning Model Group Investigation Type
in experiment class 6.750 and in control class with treatment
Conventional Model is 5.697.
2. There is an effect of students’ learning outcome with treatment of
Cooperative Learning Model Group Investigation Type and
Conventional Model Toward Students’ Learning Outcome on Vibration
and Wave Subject Grade VIII SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam Academic
Year 2013/2014. From the above can conclude that, Cooperative
Learning Model Group Investigation Type is model with team work
priority, where the students help their teammate (the clever students
help the stupid or lazy students) so this model have good team work and
the students’ learning outcome in this class is better than conventional
learning class. So, the students’ learning outcome of experiment class is better than control class, because in experiment class the teaching
49
1.2. Suggestion
Based on the research result and discussion before, researcher give
suggestions as follows:
1. For the next researcher, should use the time effectively in cooperative
learning model group investigation type to increase students’ learning
outcome.
2. For the next researcher, should give more attention and guidance to
students who passive in the learning proces.
3. For the next researcher do the best strategy using cooperative learning
model group investigation type to make this research more better.
4. For the next researcher must be have ability to know the students'
characteristic to make the learning process using cooperative learning
model group investigation type more better.
5. For the next researcher must be know the facilities of school to support
the successfull of this research.
6. For the next researcher take full documentation for every steps in
learning process by using cooperative learning model group
investigation type to make this research more better.
7. For the teacher in SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam can use this model to
50
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