A Decade of Accounting Research in Indonesia - Satu Dekade Riset Akuntansi di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACT

A DECADE OF ACCOUNTING RESEARCH IN INDONESIA

The present research aimed to assess and reveal the trend of accounting research published in Indonesia. A content analysis and citation analysis were carried out on three selected journals. Content analysis shows that in private sector, some research fields are are actively researched (Financial Accounting and Capital Market, Management and Behavioral Accounting, Information System, Auditing, and Professional Ethics) while some others are rarely researched (Taxation, Sharia Accounting, Accounting Education, Corporate Governance, CSR, dan Fraud & Forensic Accounting). Furthermore, there is little emphasis on public sector accounting. Citation analysis shows that the most cited article from 2003 to 2012 was “Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure, published in Journal of Financial Economics, written by Jensen, Michael C dan William H. Meckling in 1976, whereas the most cited journal was “The Accounting Review” with total 415 citations. Interestingly, Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Indonesia is the only Indonesian accounting journal that is categorized as Top 20 most-cited article, with a total of 129 citations. It can be seen that Accounting research in Indonesia has been strongly impacted by foreign accounting research.

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Universitas Kristen Maranatha ABSTRAK

SATU DEKADE RISET AKUNTANSI DI INDONESIA

Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengukur dan mengungkapkan tren riset akuntansi di Indonesia. Analisa isi dan analisa pengutipan dilakukan pada tiga jurnal yang telah dipilih. Analisa isi menunjukkan bahwa dalam sektor swasta, beberapa bidang riset telah diteliti secara aktif (Financial Accounting and Capital Market, Management and Behavioral Accounting, Information System, Auditing, and Professional Ethics), sedangkan yang lainnya jarang diteliti (Perpajakan, Akuntansi Syariah, Akuntansi Pendidikan, Corporate Governance, CSR, dan Akuntansi Fraud & Forensic). Di sisi lain, hanya ada sedikit penekanan pada sektor umum. Analisis kutipan menunjukkan bahwa artikel yang paling sering dikutip dari 2003 hingga 2012 adalah “Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure, yang diterbit dalam Journal of Financial Economics, ditulis oleh Jensen, Michael C dan William H. Meckling in 1976, sedangkan jurnal yang paling sering dikutip adalah “The Accounting Review” dengan total 415 pengutipan. Yang menarik adalah bahwa Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Indonesia adalah satu-satunya jurnal Akuntansi Indonesia yang dikategorikan sebagai artikel Top 20 yang sering dikutip, dengan total 129 pengutipan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa riset akuntansi di Indonesia sangat dipengaruhi oleh riset akuntansi asing.

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LIST OF TABLES

Page

TABLE 1 Accounting Journal Analysis ... 5

TABLE II Sample Selection of Journal ... 16

TABLE III Content Analysis Results (Private Sector) from 2003 to 2012 ... 20

TABLE IV Content Analysis Results (Public Sector) from 2003 to 2012…… .21

TABLE V Content Analysis Results (Other Categories) from 2003 to 2012 ... 22

TABLE VI Trend Analysis from 2003 to 2012 ... 22

TABLE VII Authors cited more than 8 times from 2003 to 2012 ... 25

TABLE VIII 20 Top Journal from 2003 to 2012 ... 27

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Universitas Kristen Maranatha

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Research has an important role in developing theories and practices towards accounting discipline. In Indonesia, accounting research has grown rapidly as shown with the increasing number of research publication, and conference and symposium. For example, there is Accounting National Symposium (SNA), which is the most scientific event for researchers, teachers, students, and practitioners from all over Indonesia in the field of accounting to perform their research and papers.

There are a number of reasons to study the topics of accounting research in Indonesia. Firstly, it is simply interesting to see what has kept Indonesian accounting research preoccupied all those years. Secondly, such analysis allows for the formulation of research priorities for the future. Thirdly, examining the citations revealed influences on the evolving Indonesian accounting research literature.

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Chapter1 Introduction 2

of accounting research published in Indonesia. A content analysis and a citation analysis were carried out on published accounting journals. Articles were classified according to their fields using abstracts and keywords. Topic/article contents are classified using field of study in Accounting National Symposium (SNA). Citation analysis were also conducted to reveal who and what articles have had the most impact in accounting research.

To be included in our sample, a journal must be accredited consistently within ten years by Indonesian Ministry of Education. The inclusion of only consistent accredited accounting journals improves the accuracy of the research assessment. Results of such assessment produce valuable information for future improvement of accounting research/provide insight into trends within a field.

1.2 Research Questions

Based on current accounting research issues described above, the author intends to gain empirical evidence about:

1. What are the accounting topics that have dominated accounting research from 2003 to 2012?

2. Who have had the most impact in accounting research? 3. What articles have the most impact in accounting research?

1.3 Research Objectives

The objectives of this research is to gain empirical evidence:

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Chapter1 Introduction 3

Universitas Kristen Maranatha 2. To identify who and have had the most impact in accounting research 3. To identify which Articles that have had the most impact in accounting

research

1.4 Research Benefit

Based on research objectives, this research is expected:

- To provide information for future improvement of accounting research by helping in formulating future research priorities.

- To provide insight into trends in Indonesian accounting research from

2003 to 2012.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

The present research aimed to assess and reveal the trend of accounting research published in Indonesia. A content analysis and citation analysis were carried out on published accounting journals. Citation analysis was also conducted to reveal who and what articles have had the most impact in accounting research. The analysis was conducted on Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Indonesia, Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan and Jurnal Akuntansi dan Auditing Indonesia.

In general, it can be cocluded that, in private sector, some research fields are are actively researched (“Financial Accounting and Capital Market”, Management and Behavioral Accounting, Information System, Auditing, and Professional Ethics), while some are rarely researched (Taxation, Sharia Accounting, Accounting Education, Corporate Governance, CSR, dan Fraud & Forensic Accounting). Also, there is little emphasis on public sector accounting, that could be due to those researchs are published in journals with specific interests in those areas.

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34 Chapter V Conclusions And Suggestions

Universitas Kristen Maranatha At the same time, it cannot be denied that “Financial Accounting and Capital marlet” is perhaps the most important field of accounting; hence, it becomes the most focused field. Establishing specific journal to include underdeveloped field or by collaborating with related field legislations could be a solution.

It can be noted that the most cited article from 2003 to 2012 was “Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure”, published in Journal of Financial Economics, written by Jensen, Michael C dan William H. Meckling in 1976. While the most cited journal was “The Accounting Review with total 415 citations. Interestingly, the most cited article also came from the article of Jensen, Michael C and William H. Meckling. Interestingly too, Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Indonesia is the only Indonesian accounting journal that are categorized as Top 20 most-cited article is with total 129 citations. It can be seen that Accounting research in Indonesia has been strongly impacted by foreign accounting research.

5.2 Limitations

This research can provide insight into trends in accounting research in Indonesia, but there are still some related limitations. Several limitations that can be

identified were:

1. Content assesment towards research are only done in terms of topics and research streams. To gain more insight in accounting research development, research methodology used, research design in accounting research can also be assesed.

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35 Chapter V Conclusions And Suggestions

classification of issue can provide more insight towards research development per topics. For example, Management and Behavioral categories can be further divided into sub-categories such as managerial control, organizational culture, performance evaluation, costing methods and so on.

3. The classification of accounting topics were done by using judgment which is subjected to human error or incosnsistent classification.

5.3 Suggestions

Based on above limitations, there are several suggestions for improvement of future research:

1. To gain more insight in accounting research development, research method used, research design in accounting research can also be assesed. For example, by classifying research methods, we can identify which type of study (eg. Analytical, archival, and empirical) underlies the research article.

2. More specific classification of issue can provide more insight towards research development per topics. It can provide information about more-detailed accounting issues that can become consideration for future accounting research.

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Universitas Kristen Maranatha REFERENCES

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Tan, M.K. 2013. “ Influential sources and Authors on Behavioral Research in Accounting 2003-2012: A Citation Analysis”. Proceedings The 2nd IBSM International Conference on Business, Management and Accounting, Chiang Mai-Thailand, 2-4 October

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A Decade of Accounting Research in Indonesia - Satu Dekade Riset Akuntansi di Indonesia.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION