APPENDIX I
School C l ass Semester
: SMA :
I 1
: 111F i e l d o f s t u d y : Language Scrhf i e l d o f s t u d y : E n q l i s h S u b j e c t : S t r u c t u r e
T o p i c : Gerund (1.1)
T i me : 45 m i n u t e s
I. General I n s % r u c t i u n a l o b j e c t i v e ( G . I . 0 )
O t t h e end o f t h e l e a r n i n q p r o c e s s , t h e s t u d e n t s w i l l be a b l e t o u n d e r s t a n d gerund and i t s . f u n c t i o n .
II. S p e c i f i c I n s t r u c t i o n a l U b i e c t i v e ( S . I . 0 )
1. Given a r e a d i n g passage, t h e s t u d e n t s a r e a b l e t o choose t h e c o r r e c t f n r n l o f gerund.
2. Given a r e a d i n g passage c o n t a i n i n g gerund, t h e %tt.tdents a r e a b l e t o f i n d t h e qerunds used i n t h e passage.
-.-
s t u d e n t s a r e a b l e
t o
s t a t e t h e f u n c t i o n o f g e r u n d u s e d i n t h e p a s s a g e .111. M a t e r i a l
7
.L,. 1. T h e r e a d i n g p a s s a g e :
E n j o y i n g l i C e
B r e n d a e n j o y s w a t c h i n g TV. S h e l i k e s t o w a t c h TV a t
home. S h e l i k e s t o w a t c h TV i n b a r s . S h e e v e n l i k e s t o
w a t c h TV i n d e p a r t m e n t s t o r e s !
As
y o u c a n s e e , w a t c h i n g TV i s v e r y i m p o r t a n t p a r t o f B r e n d a ' s l i f e .M r . F e n n e t t ' s w i f e always t e l l s h i m t o s t o p t a l k i n g about businesri. She t h i n k s t h a t t a l k i n g about b u s i n e s s i s b o r - i ng
.
M r . B e n n e t t s t-hat., b u t he s t i l l keeps on t a l k i n g about b u s i n e s s . He wants t o s t o p i t , b u t he c a n ' t . T a l k i n g about bu.ji.riess i s a h a b i t he j u s t c a n ' t b r e a k .
The f o r m :
S
+ V + V i n gThe gerund may be used i n t h e f o l l o w i n g ways:
I.
asa
s u b j e c t11.
as an o b j e c t1 1 1 .
as a p r e d i c a t e complementIV.
as a noun m o d i f i e rI.
Gerund as s u b j e c tT h e p a t t e r n : Gerund
+
P r e d i c a t e E:.: amp1 e :1. Cooking i s a good hobby. 2. Haking cake i s v e r y h a r d . 3. R i d i n g a b i c y c l e i s n ' t easy.
4. L e a r n i n g new langirage t a k e n a l n n g t i m e . Usage ::
The gerund can b e used as t h e s u b j e c t o f a sentence. The 5ub.jec.t n f each sentence above c o n t a i n s
complement
.
11. Gerunds as U b j e c t s
a. The p a t t e r n : Subject.
+
v e r b + gerund E:.:ampl.e :1. F a k r i e n j o y s r i d i n g a b i c y c l e . 2. F a t h e r l i k e s smoking v e r y much.
3 . Nobody u n d e r s t a n d s h i s b e h a v i n g l i k e t h a t . Usage :
1. The gerund o r gerund p h r a s e can be used as t h e d i r e c t o b j e c t o f c e r t a i n v e r b s . l o o k a t t h e s e n t e n c e s above. The gerund p h r a s e ' r i d i n g a b i c y c l e ' i s t h e d i r e c t o b j e c t o f t h e v e r b
' e n j o y s ' .
2. The v e r b s t h a t can be f o l l o w e d b y gerund : a d m i t , a v o i d , a p p r e c i a t e , b e g i n , c o n t i n u e , d i s l i k e , f n r g e t , mind, n e g l e c t , p r e f e r , remember, s t a r t . -7 .i. - The v e r b s : c a n ' t h e l p , deny, f i n i s h , h a t e , keep,
pracztice, r e g r e t , s t o p , can be . f o l l o w e d b y a t o - i n f i n i t i v e a s t h e d i r e c t a b j e c t w i t h no d i f f e r e n c e
in n,eanings.
b. The p a t t e r n : S u b j e c t + Verb
+
P r e p o s i t i o n + Gerund E:.:ampl e :3. She a p o l o g i z e d f o r coming l a t e . Usage :
The gerund can be used as t h e o b j e c t ob
p r e p u s i t i o n .
111. Gerund as P r e d i c a t e Complements The p a t t e r n : S u b j e c t .-k be .+ Gerund
E:.:ampl e :
1. My hobby i s swimming.
2. H i s f a v o r i t e s p o r t was b i c y c l e r i d i n g . Usage :
The gerund may be used as a p r e d i c a t e complement. i t c o m p l e t e s t h e p r e d i c a t e a . f t e r t h e v e r b : be. The gerund 'swimming' i s used a s t h e p r e d i c a t e complement a.Fter ' i s ' .
IV.
Gerund as M o d i C i e r s o f Nouns. The p a t t e r n : Gerund + Noun E:-:ample :1 . The r e a d i n g boaks a r e on t h e t a b l e . 2. The w a i t i n q room i r ; f u l l o.F p e o p l e .
3. One whn d r i v e s a c a r must have a d r i v i n g 1 i c e n s e and obey t h e e:.:ir;ting r e g u l a t i a n s .
Usage :
A r e a d i n g boo':: i s a boot:: u s e d f o r r e a d i n g .
0 w i ~ i t i r ~ g
roan)
i sa
r o o m u s e d b y p e o p l e who a r e w a i t i n q .2. T h e q e r u n d c o m e s b e f o r e t h e n o u n i t m o d i + i e s , a n d i s p r o n o u n c e d w i t h a l o n g e r
s t r e s s
t h a n t h e n o u n .T V . T e a c h i n g L e a r n i n g A c t i v i t i e s
I ' e a c h e r
I . G r e e t s t h e s t u d e n t s 2. F r e s e r i t a t i o n
-
E ; . : p l a i n s t h e s e n t e n c ep a t t e r n o f g e r u n d
-
P r e s e n t s t h e r e a d i ngp a s s a g e c o n t a i n s g e r u n d
-
E : . : p l a i n s t h e q e r u n di n
t h ep a s s a g e
-- E : : p l a i n s t h e , f u n c t i o n o f g e r u n d and gi. v e s t h e e:.:acnpl. e
- A s k s t h e s t u d e n t s t o d o t h e p;.: c.3 r c 1 :s ,C? :.
--
C l h e c k : ~ .t h e s t t . b d e n t c , ' a n s w e r sS t u d e n t s
1. R e s p o n d 2. P a r t i c i p a t e
-
P a y a t t e n t i o n-
P a y a t t e n t i o na n d r e a d i t
-
P a y a t t e n t i o n-
P a y a t t e n t i o n-
D o t h e e:.:ercises-
C h e c k t h e i ra n s w e r s V. T e a c h i n g A i d s
2. I31 acl.::boar-d a n d c h a l l:
VI. i'lethocl:
I..
D i s c u s s i nq2. G i v i n g e x e r c i s e s
V I I . S c h e d u l e :
E:.:pI a n a t i o n : 10 m i n u t e s
D i s c u s s t h e r e a d i n g p a s s a g e : 15 m i n u t e s En
e r c
i ses :I0
m i n u t e s C h e c k t h e e:.:ercises : 10 m i n u t e s4.5 m i n u t e s
V I Z I .
R e f e r e n c e :1. M o l i n s k y , S t e v e n ,
J.,
L i n e By L i n e E n g l i s h Throuclh G r a m m a r S t o r i e s2. E , R e b e c c a . , e t . a l . , M a s t e r i n g A m e r i c a n E n g l i s h 3. E n g l i s h .for t h e SLTA, S t r c r c t r - ( r e K e . f e r e n c e Book:
I , I I , a n d 1 1 1
4. Wul a n d a r i
,
E n d a n g . S r i,
A R e a d i n g P r o g r a m m e , Y o g y a k a r t a : P e n o r b i t y a y a s a n k a n i s i u sf i C h o o s e t h e c o t - r e c t .fnrm of. tlhe w o r d s i n p a r e n t h e s e s b e l o w !
( i n t e r e s t e d
,
i n t e r e s t i n g ) i n t h i s s p o r t s h o u l d c e r t a i n l y p l a n o n ( t o a t t e n d, a t t e n d i n g ) . W a t c h i n g
a
f i n e p l a y e ri s
a
g o o d way o f ( i m p r o v i n g,
i m p r o v e ) o n e ' s own game. I n a d d i t i o n , t h e r e i s mcrch p l e a s u r e i n ( s e e i n g,
see)
s o m e o n e d o s o m e t h i n g e x p e r t l y . Iam
c e r t a i n l y l o o k i n g f o r w a r dt o
( w a t c h i n g,
w a t c h ) t h e c h a m p i o n( t o
p l a y,
p l a y ) .P.
U n d e r 1 i n e t h e g e r u n d u s e d i n t h i s p a s s a g e a n d e : , : p l a i n s i t s f u n c t i o n !A f t e r - wor-l.:ing h a r d a l l w e e k , p e o p l e u s u a l 1 y w a n t
t o
f i n da
r e l a : . : i n g wayt o
s p e n d t h e i r S u n d a y s . C i t y p e o p l ea r e
b o r e d w i t h s t a y i n g i n t h e c i t y . Many p e o p l e , u s u a l l y men b u t sometimes woment o o ,
l i k e f i s h i n g b e c a u s e t h i si s
a n i n t e r e s t i n g way t o g e t o u t o f t o w nt o
relax a n d i t d o e s n o t n e e d much money.T h e e q u i p m e n t f o r f i s h i n g
i s
q u i t e s i m p l e . You a n l y n e e d a h o o k , a f i s h i n g p o l e a n d f i s h i n g l i n e s , b u ta
s t i c k a n d a p i e c e o f s t r i n g w i l l a l s o d o . S o b o t h r i c h a n d p o o r p e o p l e c a n e n j o y t h e i r l u r k a n d s k i l l .R
p e r s o n who i s v e r y i n t e r e s t e d i n f i s h i n g u s u a l l y h a ssome
f a v o u r i t e f i s h i n g s p o t s . A g o o d p l a c e f o r f i s h i n g s h o l - ~ l d b e c l o s e e n o u g h t o t o w n s o t h a t i t c a n b e e a s i l y r e a c h e d b y b i k e . T h e r e s h o u l d b e s h a d yt r e e s
a n d as t r e a m o f c l . e a r f l o w i n g w a t e r . T h e man w i l l
s i t
u n d e r a t r - r e w h i l e h e i s w a i t i n g f o ra
f i s h t o c a t c h h i s b a i t . S i t t i n g a n d l i s t e n i n g'to
t . h e 5 p l a s h i n g s o u n d o f t h ewater
w i l l r e f r e s h h i m . S o m e t i m e s h e w i l l c a t c h many f i s h a n d s n m e t i m e s h e
w i
1 1 g e t n o t h i n g .W i t h or w i t - h o u t a n y f i s h , a t t h e e n d o f t h e d a y h e
'The answers : A.
to
p l a y,
i n t e r e s t e d i n,
a t t e n d i n g,
i m p r o v i n g,
s e e i n g,
t o watch,
p l a y s .El
.
1. A f t e r w o r k i n g : gerund f u n c t . i o n s as o b j e c t o f ' p r e p o s i t i on.
2. a re1ai:inu way : gerund . f u n c t i o n s as noun m o d i f i e r . 3. b o r e d w i t h s t a y i n g : ger-und + u n c t i o n s as o b j e c t o f
p r e p o s i t i on.
4. f i s h i n g : gerund f u n c t i o n s a s o b j e c t
c
4. an i n t e r e s t i n g way : gerund -F u n c t i o n s as noun m o d i f i e r
6. equipment f o r f i s h i n g : gerund f u n c t i o n s a s o b j e c t o f p r e p o s i t i a n .
7. a f i s h i nq p o o l : ger~rncl f ~ ~ n c t i o n s ar; noun modi f i e r .
8 . f i s h i n q l i n e s : gerund f c t n c t i o n s as noun m o d i f i e r . 9. i n t e r e s t e d j.n . f i s h i n g ; gerund f u n c t i o n s as o b j e c t o f
pi-epo.;i t i o n .
1VJ. . f i s ( . . l i n q s p o r t s : ger-und f u n c t i o n s as noun m o d i f i e r . 11. p l a c e , f o r f i s h i n g : gerund C u n c t i o n s as o b j e c t o f
p r e p o s i t i o n .
12. c l e a r f l o w i n g water : gerund f u n c t i o n s as noun n1odi.f i e r .
15. t h e s p l a s h i n g sound : gerund f u n c t i o n s
a%
noun m o d i . f i e r .I . T h e e x a m p l e o f r e a d i n g p a s s a g e s c o n t a i n i n g g e r u n d :
E n j o y i n g L i f e
Howard e n j o y s r e a d i n g . H e l i k e s t o r e a d i n s c h o o l . H e l i k e s
t o
r e a d i n t h e l i b r a r y .H e
e v e n l i k e s t o r e a d i n t h e b a t h t u b !A s y o u c a n s e e , r e a d i n g i s a v e r y i m p o r t a n t p a r t o f H o w a r d ' s l i f e .
Bad H a b i t s
V i n c e n t ' s f r i e n d s a l w a y s t e l l h i m
t o
s t o p g o s s i p i n q . T h e y t h i n k t h a t g o s s i p i n g i s n ' t n i c e .65
I m p o r t a n t D e c i s i o n s
Lana had t o make an i m p o r t a n t d e c i s i o n r e c e n t l y . Her- l a n d l o r d s o l d h e r a p a r t m e n t b u i l d i n g , and she had t o d e c i d e what t o do.
F i r s t , she c o n s i d e r e d moving t o anoti-rer apar.tmerit. Then, she -thought about b u y i n g a s m a l l house. F i n a l 1 y
,
she d e c i d e d t o move home w i t h h e r p a r e n t s f o r a w h i l e .Lana t h i n k s she made t h e r i g h t d e c i s i o n . S h e ' s g l a d she d i d n ' t move t o a n o t h e r apartment o r buy a s m a l l I-iouse. She - f e e l s t . h a t moving home w i t h h e r p a r e n t s .For a w h i l e was t h e b e s t t h i n g .for- h e r t o do.
66
I n January Martha w a s h i r e d by t h e Fernwood Company as a s e c r ~ ! . t a r y .
I n Mitrch 5hp was s e n t t o sct~or.,l. h'y t h e company t o s t u d y s t a t i s t i c s a n d a c c o u n t i n g .
I n f i p r i l she was g i v e n h e r f i r s t r a i s e .
J u s t two months l a t e r , she was promoted t o t h e p o s i t i o n of s u p e r v i s o r o f h e r department.
I n fiugust she was chosen "employee o f t h e month". I n October she was g i v e n a n o t h e r r a i s e .
I n November she was i n v i t e d t o a p p l y f o r a p o s i t i o n i n t h e company's overseas o.f f i c e i n England.
Add i.n December she was g i v e n t h e new j o b and was .flown t o \-ondon t o beg]. 1-1 wor Li.
Martha c e r t a i n l y has had a v e r y e x i t i n g y e a r . She c a n ' t b e l i e v e a l l t h e w o n d e r f u l t h i n g s t h a t have happened t o h e r s i n c e she was h i r e d . j u s t t w e l v e months ago.
One o f t h e most p o p u l a r members o f t h e pea f ami 1 y i s t h e p e a n u t , which i n t h e United S t a t e s i s sometimes c a l l e d t h e goober pea. Peanuts were f i r s t f o u n d i n South h m e r i c a and have been cul. t i v a t e d f o r many c e n t u r i e s . M i l l i o n s 0.f k i l o g r a m s o f peanirts a r e grown each y e a r t h r o u g h o u t t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . L a r g e amounts a r e a l s o grown i n o t h e r p a r t s o f t h e w o r l d such as I n d i a , A f r i c a , and China.
Peanuts grow b e s t i n l o o s e , sandy s o i l . They r e q u i r e r e g u l a r r a i n and cannot s u r v i v e f r o s t . A f t e r t h e y grow t o a c e r t a i n h e i g h t , t h e stems o f
t h e peanut. p l a n t s bend o v e r .
The young pods a r e pushed i n t o . . . , . - ..
.
.t h e s o i l . The p e a n u t s , o r n u t 1 i l:e seeds, grow r i p e under
t h e ground.
Peanuts a r e used m o s t l y f o r f o o d . I n t h e s o u t h e r n p a r t o f U n i t e d S t a t e s , p e a n u t s a r e used t o f e e d f a r m a n i m a l s .
Peanuts may be r o a s t e d and
e a t e n whole b y people. Peanuts may a l s o be made i n t o peanut b r e a d , candy, peanut b u t t e r , and o t h e r t h i n g s . P a r t s o f p e a n u t s a r e a l s o used i n making o i l s , c o s m e t i c s , soap, e:.:pl o s i ves
,
p l a s t i c s , f e r t i l i . z e r , and m e d i c i n e s .The n u t t h a t i s n o t a n u t i s a v e r y u s e f u l p r o d u c t .
1 1 1 . The example 0.f r e a d i n g passage c o n t a i n i n g s e n t e n c e s w i t h t h e p a t t e r n : N1 - V
-
N1A CIGARETTE LIGHTER
f4 c i g a r e t t e l i g h t e r i s a s m a l l machine f o r g i v i n g u s a f l a m e i api. ) t o l i g h t o u r c i g a r e t t e . I t i s a s i m p l e
c e n t r a l wheel' he1.d i n p l a c e b y a screw ( s e k e r u p
.
A t t h e base o f wheel i s t h e f l i n t ( b a t u a p i ) c l o s e t o t h e w i c k ( sumbu ) which has n o c o v e r o v e r i t . There i s a l s o a l e v e r ( p e n g u n g k i t i.
I t i s a t t r a c t i v e l y f i n i s h e d and i t l o o k 5 s h i n y . I t i s made o f m e t a l , p r o b a b l y chromium p l a t e d ( b e r l a p i s irrom )
,
and i s t)uj. l t t o 1.ast a I.ong t i m e . I t i s snral 1, sot h a t
i t
s l i p s e a s i l y i n t o a p o c k e t .I V . The et:ample o f r e a d i n g paszsages c o n t a i n i n g s e n t e n c e s w i t h t h e p a t t e r n : N .- V f i d l e c t i v t ?
Eskimos l o o k l i k e c h i n e s e p e o p l e . t h e i r h a i r i s b l a c k and s t r a i g h t . T h e i r b o d i e s a r e f a i r . They l i v e i n t.he N o r t h o f Amer'ica and i n Greenland. They l i v e i n a l a n d o f i c e , a l a n d w i t h o u t t r e e s . W i n t e r i s a l w a y s v e r y c o l d and l o n g , and summer i s s h o r t . They l i v e n e a r t h e sea b e c a u s e , t h e weather i s t o o c o l d . These p e o p l e o n l y e a t f i s h and meat. They a r e c l e v e r a t c a t c h i n g a n i m a l s . T h e i r houses a r e v e r y i n t e r e s t i n g . I n t h e w i n t e r t h e y l i v e i n t h e houses 0.f e a r t h ( t a n a h ) and s t o n e s w i t h an
e a r t h e n r o o f , o r i n a house o f snow. T h e i r snow houses a r e r o u n d and v e r y h i g h . Y o u can o n l y sand up i n t h e m i d d l e o f t h e house. Eskimos can b u i l d t h i s house v e r y i c Wheri t h e y ' t r a v e l , t h e y o f Z t e n make a new houlse v e r y n i q h t . A house l i k e t h i s i s r i o t v e r y c o l d . There i s a lamp i n s i d e t o warm t h e hat-cse. The snow does n o t become water because i t i s v e r y c o l d o u t s i d e . The door o f t h e snow house i s s o s m a l l t h a t warm a i r i n s i d e can n o t go o u t e a s i l y and t h e c o l d a i r o u t s i d e can n o t come i n . The 1 i . f e o f t h e Eskimos 1.5 h a r d b u t t h e y a r e s t r o n g and
p a t i e n t . They a r e s o happy w i t h t h e i r l i f e t h a t v e r y few
