THE ANALYSIS OF NOMINAL GROUP IN THE BACKGROUND OF SKRIPSI WRITTEN BY ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY 2010
By
ROMDHONAH SRI SAPTO RINI NIM 200732282
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
ii
THE ANALYSIS OF NOMINAL GROUP IN THE BACKGROUND OF SKRIPSI WRITTEN BY ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY 2010
SKRIPSI
Presented to the University of Muria Kudus
in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program in English Education Department
By
ROMDHONAH SRI SAPTO RINI NIM 200732282
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
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PAGE OF APPROVAL
This is to certify that the skripsi of Romdhonah Sri Sapto Rini has been approved by the advisors for further approval by the examining committee.
Kudus, January 2012 Advisor I Titis Sulistyowati, S.S, M.Pd NIP.19810402-200501-2-001 Advisor II Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd NIS.0610701000001207 Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Dean,
Drs.Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd NIP.19560619-198503-1-00
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EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the skripsi of Romdhonah Sri Sapto Rini has been approved by the examining committee as a requirement for the “Sarjana” Degree in English Education Department.
Kudus, January 2012 Examining Committee
Titis Sulistyowati, S.S, M.Pd , Chairwoman
NIP. 19810402-200501-2-001
Drs. Muh Syafei, M.Pd , Member
NIP. 19620413-198803-1-002
Fajar Kartika, S.S, M.Hum , Member
NIS. 0610701000001191
Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd , Member
NIP. 19621219-198703-1-001
Acknowledged by:
The Dean of Teacher Training of Education Faculty
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd. NIP. 19560619-198503-1-002
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
Motto:
“Inna sholaatii wanusukii wamahyaaya wamaamatii lillaahi robbil’aalamiin.” (Holy Qur’an, Al-An’am: 162)
“Positive, Persistence, Pray” (Notes From Qatar)
“If you really want something and you work hard for it, the universe will conspire to achieve your dream.” (Paulo Coelho)
"The future is shaped not only by the past but also by choices that we make and by what we think is possible." (Muhammad Assad)
Dedication:
This skripsi is dedicated to:
Her beloved parents: Tariyo Triyoso (Alm) and Siti Subandinah, who always give love, support, motivation and moral encouragement to finish her study.
Her best friends and her big family who always help and support her.
Those who appreciate knowledge and education.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, glory to Allah SWT the Almighty, the Lord of Universe that blesses me with health and tremendous power in accomplishing the skripsi entitled “The Analysis of Nominal Group in the Background of Skripsi Written by English Education Department Students of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University 2010”.
However, the completion of this skripsi could not be achieved without assistance of others. In this opportunity, the writer would like to express her gratitude to:
1. Allah SWT the Almighty.
2. Her beloved Parents who give her love, pray, and support.
3. Drs. Susilo Raharjo, M.Pd, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty.
4. Fitri Budi Suryani, SS, M.Pd, the Head of English Education Department. 5. Titis Sulistyowati, S.S, M.Pd, as the first advisor who always gives her
best support, contributive criticism, and motivation for the writer best. 6. Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd, as the second advisor who helps her as well
as the first advisor.
7. Her beloved siblings and big family who always support and motivate her. 8. The entire writer's friends: mb Olif, Leni, Chalimah, Nia, Nurul, double
Lia_na, Lisma, mb Tutik, mb Sari, Safari green, mas Wahab, Dino_Nobita and many others.
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9. The man who loves her, and she loves him.
10. Her lecturers in Teacher Training and Education Faculty UMK. 11. All of the lecturers who taught her during studying at the Faculty. 12. Those who already help her to finish this skripsi.
In addition, the writer would like to express her sincerest gratitude to the readers for some critics and suggestion. She hopes this skripsi will be useful for everyone who concern to the topic.
Kudus, January 2012
viii ABSTRACT
Rini, Romdhonah Sri Sapto. 2012. The Analysis of Nominal Group in the Background of Skripsi Written by English Education Department Students of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University 2010. Skripsi. English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisors: (i) Titis Sulistyowati, S.S, M.Pd, (ii) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd.
Key words : the nominal group, the lexical density, background of skripsi. Nominal group is a group of words which has a noun (a word which names a person, place or thing) as its Head word and includes all additional information related to that noun. It also has relation with lexical density. The writer chooses to analyze the background of skripsi because it becomes the foundation, reason and explanation in broad online of the research. Based on these reasons, the writer is interested and motivated to analyze of nominal group in the background of skripsi written by English Education Department Students of Teacher Training and Education Faculty Muria Kudus University 2010.
The objectives of this research contain of find out the elements of nominal group, and measure the lexical density in the background section of skripsi written by English Education Department students of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University 2010.
The descriptive qualitative is used to design this research. Whereas, the data of this research is the nominal group in the background section of skripsi, and the data source of this research is the background of skripsi written by English Education Department students of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University 2010 which consists of ten backgrounds. The patterns are gotten and concluded by analyzing the elements of nominal group used in data source. Whereas counting the lexical density which analyzed by find number of content words and number of clauses in every sentence then the writer counting the average of lexical density in every background skripsi.
Based on the analyzing of the data, firstly, it was found that there are 31 patterns of nominal group that used in the data source, they are: D+PD+T, D+PD+E+T, D+N+E+T+Q, D+N+C+T, D+N+T+Q, D+N+T, D+E+C+T+Q, D+E+T+Q, D+E+T, D+E+C+T, D+C+T+Q, D+C+T, D+T+Q, D+T, PD+T, N+C+T, N+T+Q, N+T, E+C+T, E+T+Q, C+T, T+Q, T, E+T, C+T+Q, D+PD+C+T, D+PD+T+Q, N+C+T+Q, PD+E+T+Q, D+N+E+T and PD+C+T.. Thing element is dominant than other elements, because it is proved by percentage 16.4% of appearance.
Secondly, the results of lexical density are different in every background skripsi. Where, in the first background gets result 3.42, the second is 4.94, while the third 5.36, the fourth is 4.46, whereas the fifth gets 4.88, the sixth is 4.48, the seventh has 4.18, the eight is 4.10, the ninth gets 5.85, and the last is tenth background gets result 4.31. From the result of lexical density is concluded that the lexical density depends on the content words and clause in the sentences.
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Therefore, the writer suggests that the reader can add their knowledge about nominal group by concerning the elements of nominal group and counting the lexical density used in the background of skripsi. Moreover, the English Students, especially for the English Education Department of Muria Kudus University can be motivated to enrich their knowledge about the nominal group pattern in order to create good sentences, especially in writing skripsi. In addition, the Lecturers can also motivate their students to create good text in writing for academic purpose like skripsi by enriching their knowledge about the nominal group and lexical density.
x ABSTRAKSI
Rini, Romdhonah Sri Sapto. 2012. The Analysis of Nominal Group in the Background of Skripsi Written by English Education Department Students of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University 2010. Skripsi. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing: (i) Titis Sulistyowati, S.S, M.Pd, (ii) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd.
Kata kunci : grup nominal, lexical density, latar belakang skripsi.
Grup nominal sebagai grup dari kata-kata benda (sebuah kata dengan makna orang, tempat, atau benda) sebagai Inti dari kata dan termasuk seluruh penambahan informasi yang berkaitan dengan kata benda tersebut. Grup ini berperan penting dalam kalimat karena ia menjadi subyek, obyek, pelengkap, dan pelengkap berpreposisi dan juga ada kaitannya dengan kepadatan leksikal. Penulis memilih untuk meganalisa latar belakang dalam skripsi karena ini mejadi dasar, alasan, dan penjelasan mengenai isi skripsi. berdasarkan alasan-alasan ini, penulis tertarik dan termotivasi untuk menganalisa grup nominal di bagian latar belakang skripsi yang ditulis oleh Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muria Kudus tahun 2010.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan elemen-elemen grup nominal, dan lexical density di bagian latar belakang skripsi yang ditulis oleh Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muria Kudus tahun 2010.
Deskriptif kualitatif digunakan sebagai desain penelitian. Sedangkan, data penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah grup nominal dalam latar belakang skripsi, dan sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah latar belakang skripsi yang ditulis oleh Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muria Kudus tahun 2010 yang terdiri dari sepuluh skripsi. Pola-pola didapat dan disimpulkan dengan menganalisa elemen-elemen grup nominal yang digunakan dalam sumber data. Sedangkan menghitung kepadatan leksikal yang dianalisis dengan menemukan jumlah konten kata dan jumlah klausa di setiap kalimat selanjutnya penulis menghitung rata-rata keadatan leksikal di setiap latar belakang skripsi.
Berdasarkan analisis data, pertama, telah ditemukan terdapat 31 (tiga puluh satu) pola grup nominal yang digunakan di sumber data, yaitu: D+PD+T, D+PD+E+T, D+N+E+T+Q, D+N+C+T, D+N+T+Q, D+N+T, D+E+C+T+Q, D+E+T+Q, D+E+T, D+E+C+T, D+C+T+Q, D+C+T, D+T+Q, D+T, PD+T, N+C+T, N+T+Q, N+T, E+C+T, E+T+Q, C+T, T+Q, T, E+T, C+T+Q, D+PD+C+T, D+PD+T+Q, N+C+T+Q, PD+E+T+Q, D+N+E+T and PD+C+T.. Elemen benda dominan dibanding elemen-elemen yang lain karena terbukti dengan persentasi kemunculan 16.4%. Kedua, hasil-hasil kepadatan leksikal berbeda di setiap latar belakang skripsi. Dimana, di latar belakang yang pertama mendapat hasil 3.42, kedua adalah 4.94, sedangkan ke tiga 5.36, ke empat adalah 4.46, sedangkan ke lima mendapat 4.88, ke enam adalah 4.48, ke tujuh
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mempunyai 4.18, ke delapan adalah 4.10, ke Sembilan memperoleh 5.85, dan yang terakhir adalah latar belakang yang ke sepuluh mendapatkan hasil 4.31. Dari semua hasil lexical density disimpulkan bahwa kepadatan leksikal bergantung pada konten kata dan klausa di setiap kalimat.
Oleh karena itu, penulis menganjurkan agar para pembaca dapat menambah pengetahuannya tentang nominal group dengan memperhatikan elemen-elemen grup nominal dan menghitung leksikal kepadatan yang digunakan dalam latar belakang skripsi. Terlebih lagi bagi mahasiswa pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, khususnya Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris di Universitas Muria Kudus, dapat termotivasi untuk memperkaya pengetahuan mereka tentang pola nominal grup agar dapat menghasilkan kalimat-kalimat yang baik, khususnya dalam penulisan skripsi. Sebagai tambahan, para dosen Program Studi Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muria Kudus dapat memotivasi mahasiswa untuk menghasilkan teks yang baik khususnya dalam menulis skripsi dengan cara memperkaya pengetahuan mereka tentang grup nominal dan kepadatan leksikal.
xii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE ... i PAGE OF COVER ... ii PAGE OF APPROVAL ... ii BOARD OF EXAMINERS ... iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vi
ABSTRACT ... viii
ABSTRAKSI... x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... xii
LIST OF TABLES ... xv
LIST OF FIGURE ... xviii
LIST OF APPENDICES ... xix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Research ... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problems ... 5
1.3 Objectives of the Research... 5
1.4 Significance of the Research ... 6
1.5 Scope of the Research ... 6
1.6 Operational Definition ... 7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Systemic Functional Grammar ... 8
2.1.1 Traditional Grammar ... 9
2.1.2 Formal Grammar ... 9
2.1.3 Functional Grammar ... 10
2.2 Nominal Group ... 12
2.2.1 Nominal Group Structure ... 13
2.2.2 Thing and Modifier ... 14
2.2.3 Deictic ... 15
2.2.3.1 Pre-Deictic ... 15
xiii 2.2.4 Numerative ... 17 2.2.5 Epithet ... 18 2.2.6 Classifier ... 19 2.2.7 Qualifier ... 20 2.3 Lexical Density ... 21 2.4 Background of Skripsi ... 23 2.5 Previous Study ... 24
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH 3.1 Research Design ... 26
3.2 Data and Data Source... 27
3.3 Technique of Collecting Data ... 28
3.4 Technique of Analysis Data ... 28
CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH 4.1 The Element of Nominal Group in the Background of Skripsi Written by English Education Department Students of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University in 2010………... 31
4.2 Counting the Lexical Density in the Background of Skripsi Written by English Education Department Students of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University in 2010 ... 94
CHAPTER V DISSCUSSION 5.1 The Patterns of Nominal Group ... 124
5.2 Counting the Lexical Density ... 140
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 6.1 Conclusion ... 146
xiv
BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 148 APPENDICES... 153 CURRICULUM VITAE
xv
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
2.1.3 The example (cited from Eggins (1994)) ... 10
2.1.4 Differences in functional grammar and traditional grammar by Gerot and Wignell ... 11
2.2.1 The example (cited from Halliday (1994)) ... 13
2.2.3.1 The example (cited from Gerot and Wignell (1994)) ... 16
2.2.3.2 The examples (cited from Gerot and Wignell (1994)) ... 16
2.2.4 The example (cited from Gerot and Wignell (1994)) ... 17
2.2.4 Item function as numerative (cited from Halliday (1994)) ... 18
2.3 The example (cited from Gerot and Wignell (1994)) ... 22
3.4.3 The example (cited from background of skripsi by Anizah (2010) ... 30
3.4.3 Table of Counting Lexical Density ... 30
3.4.4 Table of Nominal Group Structure ... 30
4.1.1 The Elements of Nominal Group in the Background of Skripsi Entitled Politeness in Barack Obama’s Speech Script in Cairo: “A new Beginning”. ... 33
4.1.2 The Elements of Nominal Group in the Background of Skripsi Entitled “Word Order in Anger expressions on Our Mutual Friend Novel by Charles Dickens arrangement.” ... 46
4.1.3 The Elements of Nominal Group in the Background of Skripsi Entitled “Analysis of Commands in the Script of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.” ... 52
4.1.4 The Elements of Nominal Group in the Background of Skripsi Entitled “Analysis of Language Style in “Juno” Movie Script by Diablo Cody.” ... 56
4.1.5 The Elements of Nominal Group in the Background of Skripsi Entitled “Slang in the Film Script Kingkong by Peter Jackson.” ... 61
4.1.6 The Elements of Nominal Group in the Background of Skripsi Entitled “The sixth background of skripsi entitled “English Gambit in Film of Avatar by James Cameron.” ... 65
xvi
4.1.7 The Elements of Nominal Group in the Background of Skripsi Entitled “Register of Expression of Anger in
“Slumdog Millionaire” Movie Screenplay.” ... 70 4.1.8 The Elements of Nominal Group in the Background of
Skripsi Entitled “Adverbial Clauses in the Movie Script of
“Ratatouille”.” ... 76 4.1.9 The Elements of Nominal Group in the Background of
Skripsi Entitled “The Figurative Language in Michael
Jackson’s Song Lyrics in Thriller Album.” ... 82 4.1.10 The Elements of Nominal Group in the Background of
Skripsi Entitled “The Sentence Analysis of the Anger
Expression in the Dark Knight Movie Script.” ... 87 4.1.11 The Frequency of Nominal Group Patterns ... 93 4.2.1 Counting the Lexical Density in the First Background of
Skripsi Entitled Politeness in Barack Obama’s Speech Script
in Cairo: “A new Beginning”. ... 94 4.2.2 Counting the Lexical Density in the Second Background of
Skripsi Entitled “Word Order in Anger expressions on Our
Mutual Friend Novel by Charles Dickens arrangement.” ... 100 4.2.3 Counting the Lexical Density in the Third background of
Skripsi Entitled “Analysis of Commands in the Script of
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.)” ... 102 4.2.4 Counting the Lexical Density in the Fourth Background of
Skripsi Entitled “Analysis of Language Style in “Juno”
Movie Script by Diablo Cody.” ... 104 4.2.5 Counting the Lexical Density in the Fifth Background of
Skripsi Entitled “Slang in the Film Script Kingkong by Peter
Jackson.” ... 107 4.2.6 Counting the Lexical Density in the Sixth Background of
Skripsi Entitled “English Gambit in Film of Avatar by James
Cameron.” ... 109 4.2.7 Counting the Lexical Density in the Seventh Background of
Skripsi Entitled “Register of Expression of Anger in
xvii
4.2.8 Counting the Lexical Density in the Eight Background of Skripsi Entitled “Adverbial Clauses in the Movie Script of
“Ratatouille”.” ... 114 4.2.9 Counting the Lexical Density in the Ninth Background of
Skripsi Entitled “The Figurative Language in Michael
Jackson’s Song Lyrics in Thriller Album.” ... 117 4.2.10 Counting the Lexical Density in the Tenth Background of
Skripsi Entitled “The Sentence Analysis of the Anger
Expression in the Dark Knight Movie Script.”... 119 5.2.1 The Percentage of Nominal Group’s Patterns ... 124
xviii
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure Page
2.2.7 Qualifier ... 21 2.3 Lexical Density ... 23 3.4.3 Formula of Lexical Density ... 26
xix
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices Page
Appendic 1 The First Background of Skripsi Entitled Politeness in Barack Obama’s Speech Script in Cairo: “A new
Beginning”. ... 154 Appendic 2 The Second Background of Skripsi Entitled “Word
Order in Anger expressions on Our Mutual Friend Novel
by Charles Dickens arrangement.” ... 157 Appendic 3 The third background of skripsi entitled “Analysis of
Commands in the Script of Harry Potter and the Goblet
of Fire.” ... 159 Appendic 4 The Fourth Background of Skripsi Entitled “Analysis of
Language Style in “Juno” Movie Script by Diablo
Cody.” ... 160 Appendic 5 The Fifth Background of Skripsi Entitled “Slang in the
Film Script Kingkong by Peter Jackson.” ... 162 Appendic 6 The Sixth Background of Skripsi Entitled “English
Gambit in Film of Avatar by James Cameron.” ... 164 Appendic 7 The Seventh Background of Skripsi Entitled “Register of
Expression of Anger in “Slumdog Millionaire” Movie
Screenplay.” ... 166 Appendic 8 The Eight background of Skripsi Entitled “Adverbial
Clauses in the Movie Script of “Ratatouille”.” ... 168 Appendic 9 The Ninth Background of Skripsi entitled “The
Figurative Language in Michael Jackson’s Song Lyrics
in Thriller Album.” ... 170 Appendix 10 The tenth Background of Skripsi entitled “The Sentence
Analysis of the Anger Expression in the Dark Knight
