ABSTRAK
Perlindungan Tawanan Terorisme Internasional Dalam Hukum Humaniter Internasional: Studi Kasus Penahanan Anggota Taliban
dan Al-Qaeda Oleh Amerika Serikat di Afghanistan
Rendi Prahara Septiawedi 110110080057
Kejahatan terorisme saat ini tidak lagi terjadi dalam lingkup domestik suatu negara namun telah berkembang menjadi suatu kejahatan lintas negara. Salah satu kejahatan terorisme internasional yang menjadi sorotan masyarakat internasional adalah tragedi serangan kelompok teroris Al-Qaeda ke gedung World Trade Center dengan menggunakan pesawat terbang sipil komersil. Pemerintah Amerika Serikat dalam merespon serangan tersebut memberlakukan kebijakan perang terhadap teror (war against terror) dengan melakukan serangan militer kepada Afghanistan yang diduga melindungi keberadaan Osama bin Ladden dan pemimpin jaringan Al-Qaeda lainnya. Dalam penerapan perang terhadap teror tersebut terdapat fakta-fakta yang menunjukan adanya pelanggaran hukum humaniter oleh pihak Amerika Serikat terkait dengan pemberian status unlawful combatant kepada anggota Al-Qaeda dan Taliban yang mereka tawan. Dengan diberikannya status tersebut para anggota Al-Qaeda dan Taliban yang ditawan secara sistematis kehilangan hak-hak mereka sebagaimana dijaminkan oleh hukum humaniter internasional.
Untuk membahas permasalahan dalam skripsi ini penulis melakukan pendekatan secara yuridis normatif baik berupa peraturan konvensi-konvensi internasional yang terkait dengan pemberlakuan hukum humaniter hingga asas-asas hukum dan hasil penelitian terkait dengan permasalahan dalam penelitian ini. Dalam analisa terhadap permasalahan dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan deskriptis analitis.
ABSTRACT
Protection Over Detainees of Suspected Terrorism Act Under International Humanitarian Law: Case Study Regarding Detention of
Taliban And Al-Qaeda Members by United States of America In Afghanistan
Rendi Prahara Septiawedi 110110080057
The crime of terrorism is no longer a crime that occurs in particular domestic area of a nation but it has been evolved into an international crime. One of the terrorism case that has been awaken the concern of international community is the attack toward World Trade Center committed by terrorism organization known as Al-Qaeda. The government of United States of America enacts the policy of war against terror by deploying military power to Afghanistan under the assumption that Afghanistan systematically protects Osama Bin Ladden and other Al-Qaeda leaders. In the implementation of its policy United States of America is indicated has committed a violation of international humanitarian law by implementing the status of unlawful combatant towards member of Al-Qaeda and Taliban. This policy resulted a violation towards the right of the detainees to gain protection that provided under international humanitarian law.
On analyzing the legal problem in this research, the author use the method of juridical normative by using all relevant resource for instance all international conventions regarding international humanitarian law, legal principles under international law and legal journal in regards with this matter. The analytical method that used by the author on this study is descriptive analysis.
Based on the result of this research it can be concluded that the conflict occurred in Afghanistan shall be categorized as international armed conflict therefore it is compulsory for all parties within the conflict to implement international humanitarian law. For the violations of humanitarian law that conducted by United States of America there shall be an enforcement to settle such violations. The enforcement can be performed by mechanism that provided in international law for instance mechanism under Geneva Conventions 1949, universal jurisdiction and International Criminal Court.
