OBSERVATION OF CHANGES IN LIMITED DISTANCE USING THE CONFIGURATION OF COMPRESSION SPRING AND LOAD CELL Observation of changes in limited distance using The configuration of compression spring and load cell as an alternative measurement of narrow displac

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OBSERVATION OF CHANGES IN LIMITED DISTANCE USING

THE CONFIGURATION OF COMPRESSION SPRING AND LOAD CELL

AS AN ALTERNATIVE MEASUREMENT OF NARROW

DISPLACEMENT

FINAL PROJECT

Arranged as one of requirement to finish the educational (S1) at Department

of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Submitted by:

Prima Jovita Permata Dinasty Purnama

D 400 112 004

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

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APPROVAL PAGE

Final Project the title is

“

OBSERVATION OF CHANGES IN LIMITED

DISTANCE USING THE CONFIGURATION OF COMPRESSION

SPRING AND LOAD CELL AS AN ALTERNATIVE MEASUREMENT OF

NARROW DISPLACEMENT

”

created by:

Name

: Prima Jovita Permata Dinasty Purnama

NIM

: D400 112 004

Arranged as one of requirement to finish the educational (S1) at

Department of electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas

Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

It has been approved and authorized on:

Day

:

Date

:

Approving,

Supervisor I

(Nurgiyatna, Ph.D.)

Supervisor II

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AFFIRMATION PAGE

This final project has been maintained and be accounted in front of the

council of final project examiner to complete tasks and fulfil the requirements for

achieve a bachelor of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Day

: ...

Date

: ...

THE TITLE IS

OBSERVATION OF CHANGES IN LIMITED DISTANCE USING

DISPLACEMENT

The Council of Final Project Examiners:

1.

Nurgiyatna, Ph.D.

...

2.

Dedi Ary Prasetya, S.T., M.Eng.

...

3.

Ir. Pratomo Budi Santoso, M.T.

...

4.

Umi Fadlilah S.T., M.Eng.

...

Knowing

Dean Of The Engineering Faculty

Chairman of Electrical Engineering

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PREFACE

Assalamu

’

alaikum Wr.Wb.

Alhamdulillahirabbil’a

lamin, praise to the Almighty Allah SWT for the

gracious mercy and termendous blessing that allow me to accompllish the

bachelor final project entitled: observation of changes in limited distance using

the configuration of compression spring and load cell as an alternative

measurement of narrow displacement.

This final project presented to fulfil one of requirements in accomplishing

S-1 Degree in Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,

My gratitude goes to people who involved in the process of this report

directly or indirectly, including to:

1.

Allah SWT for His abundance of grace.

2.

Prof. Bambang Setiaji, as the Rector of Universitas Muhammadiyah

Surakarta.

3.

Ir. Sri Sunarjono, M.T., Ph.D., as Dean of the Faculty of Engineering,

4.

Umar, S.T., M.T., as Head of Electrical engineering Departmenet,

5.

Nurgiyatna, Ph.D., as the first supervisor in this final project.

6.

Dedi Ary Prasetya, S.T., M.Eng., as the second supervisor in this project.

7.

Mr and Mrs Lecturer as the council of examiners in this final project.

8.

Mr and Mrs Lecturers who guide and gave knowledges all this time to me.

9.

My parents (HM. Purnomo Sidiq, S.H. and Dra. Ninik Sumarini) and my

brother sister (Grand Andika Muhammad and Diera Zeinnita Maharani)

who gave me a lot of love and supports in material and immaterial.

10.

Friends of mine Sri Anis Fadhila Sari, S.Gz., Tri Rochayatun, S.T.,

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v

11.

All my classmates who accompany me for four years in class (Lilik

Setiyawan, S.T., Ilham Nur Zakaria, S.T., Dhucha Ajitama, S.T.,

Muhammad Puji Prasetyo, S.T.).

12.

All the staff of Administration, Academic and non-academic staff, who

have helped and provide convenience to the author during studying at

Department of Electrical engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas

Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

13.

Friends in KMTE Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, electrical class

of 2010, clas of 2011 and class of 2012 who have share all in the joy and

sorrow.

14.

And the other parts who can not I mentioned one by one, for all of the help

I say thank you very much.

I realize that in the preparation of this Final Project report have many

weakness and still far from perfection. I hope this Final Project report can be

useful for anyone who need it.

Wassalamu

’

alaikum. Wr.Wb.

Surakarta, January 2016

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MOTTO

“Perhaps you hate something, but it is very good for you. And perhaps you love

something, even it is very bad for you.

Allah knows, while you do not know”

(Al-Baqarah: 216)

Annas bin malik said: the Prophet SAW has said: whoever out of the house to

study and he in jihad fisabilah to return.

(HR. Bukhari)

“

You may not control all the events that happen to you, but yoou can decide not to

be reduced by them.”

(Maya Angelou)

“

Friendship is always a sweet responsibility, never an opportunity.

”

(Kahlil Gibran)

“It is literally true that you can succeed best and quickest by helpin

g others to

succed.”

(Napoleon Hill)

“A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity. An optimist sees the

opportunity in every difficulty.”

(Sir Winston Churchill)

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DEDICATION

This final project dedicated for:

1.

Allah SWT, for His abundance of grace.

2.

My father and my mother, millions words of sorry and thanks even not

enough for all the sacrifices, sincerity, prays and affection given to me. I

will make both of you proud, God love and protect them.

3.

Grand and Diera, thank you for being my super sweet little brother and

sister. I love you both.

4.

My classmates Electrical Engineering 2011, thanks for all the memories

we’ve been created. No money can buy our times together.

5.

My friend on KMTE, Robot Research, AERO T-RTF Universitas

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CONTRIBUTION LIST

Assalamu

’

alaikum Wr.Wb.

In completion of the final project entitled

“OBSERVATION OF

CHANGES IN LIMITED DISTANCE USING THE CONFIGURATION OF

COMPRESSION SPRING AND LOAD CELL AS AN ALTERNATIVE

MEASUREMENT OF NARROW DISPLACEMENT

”

, I declare that:

1.

The idea from Mr. Dedi Ary Prasetya, ST., M.Eng.

2.

The simulation and circuit figure using Proteus v7.10 SP3.

3.

The program of alternative measurement of narrow displacement, I

made by myself on my supervisor guidance and references from

internet.

4.

Preparation of the final project report are done by myself at

boardinghouse and electrical engineering laboratory.

I made this contribution list honestly, I am responsible for the content and

the validity.

Wassalamu

’

alaikum. Wr.Wb.

Supervisor I

Nurgiyatna, Ph.D.

The Author

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DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP

Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakaatuh

That marked hand in the following :

Name

: Prima Jovita Permata Dinasty Purnama

NIM

: D400 112 004

Study Program: Electrical Engineering

Title

: OBSERVATION OF CHANGES IN LIMITED

DISTANCE USING THE CONFIGURATION OF

COMPRESSION SPRING AND LOAD CELL AS AN

ALTERNATIVE MEASUREMENT OF NARROW

DISPLACEMENT

Stated that the undergraduated thesis that I submit, this is really a work of

my own, except citation and summaries that I mentioned sources in the discussion

and bibliography, if in the future there is untruth in this statement then I am fully

responsibe for the risk.

Wassalamua’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakaatuh

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ... i

APPROVAL PAGE ... ii

AFFIRMATION PAGE ... iii

PREFACE ... iv

MOTTO ... vi

DEDICATION PAGE ... vii

LIST OF CONTRIBUTION ... viii

DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP ... ix

TABLE OF CONTENT ... x

TABLE OF FIGURE ... xiii

LIST OF TABLES ... xiv

ABSTRACTS ... xv

ABSTRAK ... xvi

CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY ... 1

1.1. Background ... 1

1.2. Research Questions ... 2

1.3. Problems Limitations ... 2

1.4. Research Objectives ... 2

1.5. Benefits Research ... 2

1.6. Methods ... 3

1.7. Writing Methods ... 4

CHAPTER II LITERATURE AND REFERENCES ... 5

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2.2. References ... 7

2.2.1.

Arduino Uno ... 7

2.2.2.

Arduino Language ... 8

2.2.3.

Load Cell ... 9

2.2.4.

HX711 Module ... 9

2.2.5.

LCD 2x16 ... 10

2.2.6.

Signal Conditioner ... 10

2.2.7.

Compression Spring ... 11

2.2.8.

Push Button ... 12

CHAPTER III REASEARCH METHOD ... 13

3.1. Time and Place ... 13

3.2. Tools and Materials ... 13

3.3. The Research Process ... 14

3.4. Device System ... 15

3.5. Arduino Program ... 18

3.6. Testing

for

Accuracy,

Relative

Error,

Repeatability,

Reproducibility, Hysteresis ... 20

3.7. Device Dimension ... 22

3.8. Forms of Calculations ... 24

CHAPTER IV THE RESULT AND ANALYSIS ... 27

4.1.

Measuring Device Main Function ... 27

4.1.1.

Displacement Measuring Mechanism ... 27

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4.2.

Accuracy Testing Based on The Certain Load ... 32

4.3.

Accuracy Testing Based on The Certain Distance ... 35

4.4.

Repeatability and Reproducibility ... 37

4.5.

Hysteresis Testing ... 39

4.6.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Measuring Device ... 41

CHAPTER V CLOSING ... 43

5.1. Conclusions ... 43

5.2. Suggestions ... 44

BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 46

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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 2.1. Front view Arduino Uno Board ... 8

Figure 2.2. Load Cell ... 9

Figure 2.3. HX711 Module ... 10

Figure 2.4. LCD 2x16 ... 10

Figure 2.5. Compression Spring ... 11

Figure 2.6.Push Button ... 12

Figure 3.1. Flowchart Research ... 15

Figure 3.2. Diagram Block Circuit ... 16

Figure 3.3.Flowchart System ... 18

Figure 3.4 Device Dimension ... 21

Figure 3.5 Load base dimensions ... 22

Figure 3.6 Sliding Cylinder Front View ... 22

Figure 4.1 Main Device of Digital Displacement Measurement ... 27

Figure 4.2 Measuring process ... 29

Figure 4.3 Weight on base for set point adjustment ... 30

Figure 4.4 Set point adjustment ... 30

Figure 4.5 Measuring process display ... 31

Figure 4.6 Average deviations of all springs ... 34

Figure 4.7 Accuracy of springs based on distance ... 36

Figure 4.8 Comparison of deviation... 38

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1. Tools... 13

Table 3.2. Materials... 14

Table 3.3. Spring characteristics ... 17

Table 4.1. Accuracy testing (deviation from target) of spring A, B and C ... 33

Table 4.2. Accuracy testing of springs based on the distance ... 35

Table 4.3. Average of deviation from spring A, B and C ... 38

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OBSERVATION OF CHANGES IN LIMITED DISTANCE USING

DISPLACEMENT

Prima Jovita Permata Dinasty Purnama

Department of Electrical Faculty Engineering

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Email : primajovita91@gmail.com

ABSTRACTS

The use of digital measuring devices is replacing various conventional or

analog devices. Measuring displacement usually using caliper, accuracy is the

main issue to obtain precise data. The use of sensor is one of the solutions to make

digitized. This research conducted in observations of the distance changes on the

compression spring that is placed on load cell.

This research uses a mechanism where the spring length changing caused

by compressive force. It can be sensed and measured digitally by Arduino based

system and displayed using LCD 2x16. Data from sensor need to be gained before

processed by using HX711. There are three types of wire diameter: 0.7 mm

(spring A), 0.8 mm (spring B), 1 mm (spring C) and three push buttons as an

input. Some testings conducted to get the data of set point, accuracy relative

errors, repeatability, reproducibility, and hysteresis. Each testing conducted more

than one to get the precious data in averages. In every spring observation, set

point adjustment needs to obtain the constant value of spring which is used to get

the displacement in millimeters. The testing method uses two measurement

references, some certain loads and some certain distances as the target of digital

measurement.

The result of this observations can mention as follows: the accuracies of

all spring used are defined by its deviation from the targets, come in range from

0.14 mm until 0.72 mm in averages. The relative errors of all the spring by using

loads targets are Spring A: 0.99%, Spring B: 0.67%, and Spring C: 1.05%. On the

other hands, relative errors by using distances targets are 1.55%, 1.41%, and

1.16% for Spring A, B, and C in sequence. The hysteresis appears on both manual

and digital measurement. Its less than 0.3 mm on Spring A and arround 0.1 mm

on Spring B and C. In general, Spring A has deviation < 1 mm on distance < 40

mm measurement, while Spring B and C have deviation < 1 mm on distance < 50.

All of the spring indicate non linear accuracy on 0 cm

–

9 cm displacemant range.

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PENGAMATAN PERUBAHAN JARAK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN

KOMBINASI PEGAS TEKAN DAN SENSOR BERAT (

LOAD CELL

)

SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGUKURAN PADA JARAK TERBATAS

Prima Jovita Permata Dinasty Purnama Jurusan Teknik Elektro F akultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Email : primajovita91@gmail.com

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan perangkat ukur digital sudah semakin banyak menggantikan berbagai perangkat ukur konvensional atau analog. Pengukuran perubahan jarak pada suatu benda biasanya menggunakan jangka sorong, karena akurasi adalah faktor utama untuk memperoleh data yang tepat. Penggunaan sensor adalah salah satu solusi untuk membuatnya menjadi digital. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengamati perubahan jarak pada pegas tekan yang dikonfigurasikan dengan load cell.

Prinsip kerja pengukuran ini adalah panjang pegas berubah karena dipengaruhi oleh gaya tekan. Perubahan ini dapat dirasakan dan diukur secara digital oleh sistem berbasis Arduino dan ditampilkan menggunakan LCD 2x16. Data dari sensor perlu dikuatkan sebelum diproses dengan menggunakan HX711. Ada tiga jenis diameter kawat: 0,7 mm (Pegas A), 0,8 mm (Pegas B), 1 mm (Pegas C) dan tiga tombol sebagai masukan. Beberapa percobaan dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data dari set point, akurasi,

relative errors, repeatability,

reproducibility, dan

hysteresis. Setiap pengujian dilakukan lebih dari satu kali

untuk mendapatkan data dalam rata-rata. Dalam setiap pengamatan pegas, mengatur nilai set point perlu dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nilai konstanta pegas dan untuk mendapatkan nilai perpindahan dalam milimeter. Metode pengujian yang dilakukan menggunakan dua referensi pengukuran, beberapa beban tertentu dan beberapa jarak tertentu sebagai target pengukuran digital.

Hasil dari pengamatan ini adalah : akurasi dari semua pegas yang digunakan dapat dilihat dari nilai simpangannya, antara 0.14 mm until 0.72 mm dalam rata-rata.

Relative errors dari semua pegas dengan menggunakan beban

sebagai target adalah Pegas A: 0.99%, Pegas B: 0.67%, dan Pegas C: 1.05%. Disamping itu,

relative errors dengan menggunakan jarak sebagai target adalah

1.55%, 1.41%, dan 1.16% untuk Pegas A, B, and C secara berurutan.

Hysteresis

muncul pada pengukuran manual dan digital. Nilainya < 0.3 mm Pegas A dan sekitar 0.1 mm pada Pegas B dan C. Secara umum, simpangan Pegas A < 1 mm pada jarak < 40 mm pengukuran, sementara Pegas B dan C simpangannya < 1 mm pada jarak < 50. Semua pegas menunjukan akurasi yang tidak linear pada 0 cm -9 cm jarak pengukuran.