ABSTRAK
Penyakit campak adalah salah satu penyakit menular yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan pada bayi dan anak di Indonesia. Penyakit campak dapat disebabkan faktor host, agent dan environment. Incidence rate campak di Indonesia tahun 2013 sebesar 4,64 per 100.000 penduduk, sedangkan di Propinsi Sumatera Utara yaitu 0,55 per 100.000 penduduk. Kasus campak di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal tahun 2014 sebanyak 33 kasus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian campak di Kelurahan Simangambat Kecamatan Siabu Kabupaten Mandailing Natal.
Jenis penelitian ini kajian analitis dengan rancangan studi kasus kontrol. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 33 kasus dan 33 kontrol. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan observasi yang berpedoman pada kuesioner. Analisis data secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik berganda.
Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel pengetahuan (p = 0,001,
OR= 5,714), sikap ibu (p = 0,013, OR = 3,619), penghasilan keluarga (p = 0,030, OR = 0,230), imunisasi campak (p = 0,001, OR = 5,290), riwayat kontak dengan
penderita campak lain (p = 0,006, OR = 4,241), kepadatan hunian (p = 0,001, OR = 6,720), pencahayaan sinar matahari (p = 0,003, OR = 5,041) berpengaruh
terhadap kejadian campak. Hasil analisis multivariat variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kejadian campak adalah pencahayaan sinar matahari (p = 0,007, OR = 12,235).
Diharapkan kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Mandailing Natal dan Puskesmas Sihepeng agar meningkatkan pelayanan imunisasi terutama campak melakukan pengecekan kondisi rantai dingin vaksin, memberikan sosialisasi dan penyuluhan tentang campak. Kepada masyarakat agar meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh anak melalui peningkatan status gizi, memberikan ASI, memberikan imunisasi lengkap dan membuka jendela pada siang hari sehingga terjadi pertukaran udara yang baik dan sinar matahari dapat masuk lebih banyak ke rumah.
ABSTRACT
Measles is one of the transmitted diseases which are still the health problem in babies and children in Indonesia. It can be caused by the factors of host, agent, and environment. The incidence rate of measles in Indonesia in 2013 amounted to 4,64 per 100,000 popoulation, while the Province of North Sumatera that is 0,55 per 100,000 population. Cases of measles in the Mandailing Natal District in 2014 as many as 33 cases. The objective of the research was to find out and to analyze the factors which influenced the incidence of measles at Simangambat Village, Siabu Subdistrict, Mandailing Natal District.
The research was an analytic research and case-control study design. The samples were 33 cases and 33 controls. The data for this study were obtained through observation and questionnaire-based interview. The data obtained were analyzed through univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression analysis.
The result of bivariate analysis showed that the variables of knowledge (p = 0.001, OR = 5.714, mothers’ attitude (p = 0.013, OR = 3.619), family income (p = 0.030, OR = 0,230), measles immunization (p = 0.001, OR = 5.290), history of
contact with other measles patients (p = 0.006, OR = 4.241), density of occupancy (p = 0.001, OR = 6.720), and exposure to sunlight (p = 0.003, OR = 5.041) influenced the incidence of measles. The result of multivariate analysis showed that the variable which significant influence on the incidence of measles was exposure to sunlight (p = 0.007, OR = 12.235).
It is recommended that the Health Service of Mandailing Natal District and Sihepeng Puskesmas to increase the service of measles immunization. examine the condition of the cold chain of vaccine, provide socialization and education about measles. To the community in order to improve the durability of the body of the child through the improvement of nutritional status, giving Breast milk, provide complete immunization and open the window during the day so a good air exchange and sunshine can go more to home.
