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Lampiran A : Hasil Pemantauan Kualitas Air Waduk Saguling pada
bulan Agustus 2006, Lokasi pemantauan : dekat
intake structure
Kedalaman No Parameter Satuan 0,2 m 5 m Dekat dasar Nilai Maks Nilai Min Rata-rata Kriteria Gol B *) Skor parameter terhadap standar **) Kriteria Gol C*) Skor parameter terhadap standar **) Kriteria Gol D*) Skor parameter terhadap standar **) FISIKA
1. Temperatur °C 28,2 26,3 25,8 28,2 26,3 26,8 tan 0 tan ±
3°C 0 tan 0 2. Residu terlarut mg/l 170 192 176 192 170 179 1000 0 1000 0 1000 0 3. Zat tersuspensi mg/l 22 6 10 22 6 13 4. Kekeruhan NTU 26 21 3 26 3 17 5. D H L μmhos/cm 248 280 256 280 248 261 2250 0 6. Transparensi cm 70 - - - KIMIA 1. pH - 7,42 7,5 7,05 7,5 7,05 7,32 5-9 0 6-9 0 5-9 0 2. CO2 bebas mg/l 7,92 11,88 27,72 27,72 7,92 15,84 3. HCO3 mg/l 160,66 171,74 188,36 188,36 160,66 173,59 4. Kesadahan (CaCO3) mg/l 46,037 50,04 52,042 52,042 46,037 49,373 5. Sulfida (H2S) mg/l tt tt 0,686 0,686 tt 0,229 0,1 -8 0,002 -8 - 6. Ammonia (NH3-N) mg/l 0,014 0,018 0,014 0,018 0,014 0,015 0,5 0 0,02 0 - 7. Nitrit (NO2-N) mg/l 0,009 0,012 0,011 0,012 0,009 0,011 1 0 0,06 0 - 8. Nitrat (NO3-N) mg/l 1,322 1,495 0,705 1,495 0,705 1,174 10 0 - - 9. Fosfat (PO4) mg/l 0,253 0,268 0,28 0,28 0,253 0,267 10. Klorin bebas (Cl2) mg/l 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0,003 0 - 11. Oksigen Terlarut (DO) mg/l 8,8 3,4 2,9 8,8 3,4 5,0 >6 -8 >3 -2 - 12. C O D mg/l 24,21 22,27 15,68 24,21 15,68 20,72 10 -10 - 13. B O D mg/l 10,89 10,24 6,27 10,89 6,27 9,13 6 -10 - 14. Minyak dan Lemak mg/l tt tt tt tt tt 0 Nihil 0 1 0 - 15. Fluoride (F) mg/l 0,042 0,039 0,049 0,049 0,039 0,043 1,5 0 1,5 0 - 16. Besi (Fe) mg/l 0,3 0,11 0,13 0,3 0,11 0,18 5 0 - 17. Air Raksa (Hg) ppb tt tt 0,16 0,16 tt 0,05 1 0 2 0 5 0 18. Nikel (Ni) mg/l tt tt tt tt tt 0 - - 0,5 0 19. Tembaga (Cu) mg/l tt tt tt tt tt 0 1 0 0,02 0 0,2 0 20. Seng (Zn) mg/l 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,06 0,04 0,05 5 0 0,02 -10 2 0 21. Kron hexavalen (Cr6+) mg/l tt tt tt tt tt 0 0,05 0 0,05 0 1 0 22. Kadmium (Cd) mg/l 0,0002 tt tt 0,0002 tt 0,0001 0,01 0 0,01 0 0,01 0 23. Timbal (Pb) mg/l tt tt tt tt tt 0 0,1 0 0,03 0 1 0 24. Arsen (As) mg/l 0,0009 0,0008 0,0014 0,0014 0,0008 0,0010 0,05 0 1 0 1 0 25. Selenium (Se) mg/l tt tt tt tt tt 0 0,01 0 0,05 0 0,05 0 26. Surfaktan mg/l 0,027 0,009 0,013 0,027 0,009 0,016 0,5 0 0,2 0 - 27. Fenol mg/l tt tt tt tt tt 0 0,02 0 0,001 0 - 28. Boron (B) mg/l 0,28 0,037 0,29 0,037 0,28 0,202 - - 1 0 29. Mangan (Mn) mg/l 0,17 0,13 0,1 0,17 0,1 0,13 0,5 0 - 2 0 30. Natrium (Na) mg/l 18 18 21 21 18 19 - - 60 0 31. S A R - 1,15 1,11 1,27 1,27 1,11 1,18 - - 18 0 32. R S C - 0,96 1,12 1,00 1,12 0,96 1,03 - - 1,25-2,50 -10 33. D D T ppb 0,0012 0,0024 tt 0,0024 0,0012 0,0018 42 0 2 0 - 34. Enderin ppb 0,0028 0,0004 0,0016 0,0028 0,0004 0,0016 1 0 4 0 - 35. B H C ppb 0,0004 0 tt 0,0004 0 0,0002 - 210 0 - 36. Methyl Parathion ppb 0,0004 0 0 0,0004 0 0,0001 37. Malation ppb 0 0,0004 0,0004 0,0004 0 0,0003 Total Skor -36 -20 -10
Keterangan : tan = Temperatur Air Normal tt = Tidak terdeteksi ( - ) = Tidak ada criteria
* ) = Berdasarkan Keputusan Gubernur Jawa Barat No. 39, Tahun 2000
** ) = Berdasarkan Metode Storet (US EPA, 1977)
Waktu pengukuran dan sampling tanggal 8 Agustus 2006 jam 11.41 WIB dengan cuaca cerah Tinggi muka air 635,19 m dpl
Lampiran B.
Hasil Analisis Uji Komposisi Metalografi Material
Runner
Turbin
Unsur
( % )
Sn 0,00448 Zn 37,17459 Pb 0,00833 Fe 0,00757 Ni – Al – P 0,00387 Si – Mn – S 0,0026 Sb 0,00893 Mg 0,00076 Cu 62,79271Lampiran
C. Hasil Pengukuran Impedansi Pada Berbagai
Kondisi Pengukuran
Lampiran C.1 Contoh aluran Nyquist impedansi elektrokimia hasil pengukuran dengan komposisi larutan, Ca(NO3)2 5,3 ppm dan NaCl 53 ppm
Setelah diinterpolasikan grafik aluran Nyquist diatas diperoleh hasil data-data percobaan sebagai berikut :
Point 1 0 Point 2 120 Center, X 46,12 kohm.cm2 Center, Y -19,52 kohm.cm2 Diameter 98,78 kohm.cm2 Coefisient 0,998 Depletion angle -11,4 X min. 0,7449 kohm.cm2 X max 91,49 kohm.cm2 R1 744,8 ohm.cm2 R2 90,74 kohm.cm2 C 70,15 μF/cm2
Lampiran C.2 Optimasi larutan NaCl (ion klorida) yang memberikan kondisi larutan tiruan paling korosif di lingkungan PLTA Saguling.
Konsentrasi (ppm) NaCl Ca(NO3)2 pH DHL (μs/cm) OCP (mV RP (kohm.cm2) 53 5,3 7,08 121,4 -147 90,74 73 5,3 6,66 162,8 -146 84,55 78 5,3 6,75 171,7 -142 73,17 83 5,3 6,59 183,6 -153 85,73 88 5,3 6,68 192,0 -153 92,84 90 5,3 6,60 194,1 -173 137,0 93 5,3 6,55 204,0 -176 180,2 98 5,3 6,69 209,0 -185 196,2
Keterangan DHL : Daya hantar listrik RP : Tahanan Polarisasi
OCP : Potensial sirkuit terbuka.
Lampiran C.3 Aluran Nyquist impedansi elektrokimia optimasi larutan NaCl (ion klorida) yang memberikan kondisi larutan tiruan paling korosif di lingkungan PLTA Saguling.
78 ppm 73 ppm 83 ppm 53 ppm 88 ppm 90 ppm 93 ppm 98 ppm
25 ppm 0 ppm 10 ppm 20 ppm 15 ppm 5 ppm
Lampiran C.4 Pengaruh ion sulfida terhadap korosifitas larutan tiruan kondisi air lingkungan di PLTA Saguling.
Konsentrasi (ppm) S2- NaCl Ca(NO3)2 pH DHL (μs/cm) OCP (mV) RP (kohm.cm2) 0 78 5,3 6,75 171,7 -142 73,17 5 78 5,3 9,62 216,0 -340 65,27 10 78 5,3 10,10 249,0 -562 45,55 15 78 5,3 10,34 285,0 -567 32,90 20 78 5,3 10,55 327,0 -551 37,28 25 78 5,3 10,73 370,0 -546 53,07
Lampiran C.5 Aluran Nyquist impedansi elektrokimia pengaruh ion sulfida terhadap korosifitas larutan tiruan kondisi air lingkungan di PLTA Saguling.
100 ppm
0 ppm 20 ppm 30 ppm
60 ppm 40 ppm 80 ppm Lampiran C.6 Daya inhibisi benzotriazol pada kondisi larutan tiruan paling
korosif di lingkungan PLTA Saguling
Konsentrasi inhibitor (ppm)
OCP (mV)
RP
(kohm.cm2) Efisiensi Inhibisi (% EI)
Blanko -567 32,90 - 20 -321 41,88 21,44 30 -328 49,29 33,25 40 -335 54,30 39,41 60 -335 54,33 39,44 80 -337 55,52 40,74 100 -342 54,33 39,44
Contoh perhitungan efisiensi inhibitor (% EI) berdasarkan persamaan IV.1. Diketahui : konsentrasi benzotriazol = 20 ppm, RP blanko = 32,90 kohm.cm2
dan RP inhibitor = 41,88 kohm.cm2
44 21 88 41 9 32 88 41 100 x inh Rp Rp _ inh Rp EI = , , , _ , = % ) ( ) ( = %
Lampiran C.7 Aluran Nyquist impedansi elektrokimia optimasi daya inhibisi benzotriazol pada kondisi larutan tiruan paling korosif di lingkungan PLTA Saguling
Lampiran C.8 Daya inhibisi sistein pada kondisi larutan tiruan paling korosif di lingkungan PLTA Saguling
Konsentrasi inhibitor (ppm)
OCP
(mV) (kohm.cmRP 2) Efisiensi Inhibisi (% EI)
Blanko -528 30,52 - 5 -327 46,81 34,80 10 -339 74,98 59,30 15 -347 84,61 63,93 20 -360 85,22 64,19 25 -367 95,84 68,16 35 -369 93,96 67,52
Lampiran C.9 Aluran Nyquist impedansi elektrokimia efisiensi daya inhibisi sistein pada kondisi larutan tiruan paling korosif di lingkungan PLTA Saguling 0 ppm 5 ppm 10 ppm 35 ppm 20 ppm 15 ppm 25 ppm
Lampiran C.10 Daya inhibisi benzotriazol (80 ppm) pada berbagai perlakuan suhu Suhu (°C) OCP (mV) RP
(kohm.cm2) Efisiensi Inhibisi (% EI)
Blanko 25 -567 32,90 - 35 -599 26,20 - 45 -610 25,02 - 55 -621 24,86 - Benzotriazol 25 -337 55,52 40,74 35 -587 43,35 39,56 45 -595 36,28 31,04 55 -592 31,55 21,20
Lampiran C.11 Daya inhibisi sistein (25 ppm) pada berbagai perlakuan suhu
Suhu (°C)
OCP (mV)
RP
(kohm.cm2) Efisiensi Inhibisi (% EI)
Blanko 25 -528 30,52 - 35 -587 28,08 - 45 -600 23,94 - 55 -632 22,65 - Sistein 25 -367 95,84 68,16 35 -556 51,72 45,71 45 -575 34,09 29,77 55 -590 27,29 17,00
Lampiran D.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Inhibitor Terhadap Tegangan
Permukaan Larutan Uji pada Suhu kamar
Inhibitor Benzotriazol (ppm) Tegangan permukaan, γ (mN/m) Inhibitor Sistein (ppm) Tegangan permukaan, γ (mN/m) Blanko 70,2 Blanko 70,9 20 72,1 5 69,7 30 71,4 10 69,3 40 70,2 15 68,8 60 70,3 20 68,5 80 70,4 25 68,3 100 70,4 35 68,4 - - 50 68,4
