TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE OF APPROVAL ...
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ...
PREFACE ...
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...
ABSTRACT ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...
LIST OF TABLES ...
LIST OF FIGURES ...
LIST OF CHARTS...
LIST OF APPENDICES...
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...
1.1 Background………...
1.2 Research Questions……….………...
1.3 Purpose of Research …..………..………..………..
1.4 Research Significance ….………..………...
1.5 Clarification of Related Terms….………..……...
1.6 Organization of the Paper….………..……...
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FOUNDATION...
2.1 Writing………...………..
2.1.1 Definition of Writing.………...
2.1.2 Process of Writing………...
2.1.3 The Aspects of Writing………...………...
2.2 The Problems of Writing...
2.3 Visual Media in Learning Activity...
2.4 Pictures : Features and Functions.………...
2.4.1 The Advantages and the Disadvantages of Pictures .………...
2.4.2. Picture as Teaching Media………...
2.5 Procedural text ………...
2.5.1 Definition of Procedural Text………...
2.5.2 Generic Structure of Procedural text………...
2.5.3 Language Features of Procedural Text………...
2.6 Teaching Writing Procedural Text………...
2.7 Picture Series in Teaching Procedural Text………...
2.8 Previous Studies………...
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...
3.1 Research Method………...
3.2 Research Hypothesis………...
3.3 Data Collection…….………...
3.3.1 Population………...
3.3.2 Sample………...
3.3.3 Research Instrument………...
3.4 Research Procedures …..………...
3.4.1 Planning………...
3.4.2 Administrating Pilot Test………...
3.4.3 Administrating Pretest……….
3.4.4 Conducting Treatment……….
3.4.5 Administrating Posttest………
3.5 Scoring Rubrics……….
3.6 Data Analysis………...
3.6.1 Test Instrument Analysis………...
3.6.1.1 Validity ………...
3.6.1.2 Reliability………...
3.6.2 Pretest and Posttest Data Analysis………...
3.6.2.1 Normality Distribution Test………...
3.6.2.2 Variance Homogeneity Test ………...
3.6.2.3 T test Computation………...
3.6.2.3.1 Independent T-test………...
3.6.2.3.2 Dependent T-test………...
3.6.2.4 The Calculation of Effect Size………...
3.6.2.5 The Calculation of index gain ………...
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISSCUSSIONS ………
4.1 Findings and Discussion from Pilot Test………...
4.1.1 Findings from Pilot Test Analysis ………...
4.1.2 Discussion from Pilot Test Analysis………...
4.2 Findings and Discussion of Pretest Score analysis………...
4.2.1 Findings the Pretest Score Analysis………...
4.2.1.1 The Normality Distribution Test………...
4.2.1.2 The Variance Homogeneity Test………...
4.2.1.3 T-test Computation on Pretest..………...
4.2.2 Discussion of Pretest Score Analysis...
4.3 Findings and Discussion of Posttest Score analysis...
4.3.1 Findings of Posttest Score Analysis...
4.3.1.1 The Normality Distribution Test………...
4.3.1.2 The Variance Homogeneity Test………...
4.3.1.3 T-test Computation on Pretest..………...
4.3.2 Discussion of Posttest Score Analysis...
4.4 Findings and Discussion of Dependent t-test Computation and Effect Size...
4.4.1 Findings of Dependent T-test Computation and Effect Size...
4.4.2 Discussion of Dependent T-test Computation and Effect Size ...
4.5 Findings and Discussion of Data Analysis on Each Area of Writing...
4.5.1 Findings of Data Analysis on Each Area of Writing...
4.5.2 Discussion of Data Analysis on Each Area of Writing...
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions………...
APPENDICES
ABOUT THE WRITER
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 The Process Wheel………
Figure 4.1 Example of Experimental Group Posttest (Text 1) ………...
Figure 4.2 Example of Experimental Group Posttest (Text 2) ………...
Figure 4.3 Example of Control Group Posttest (Text 3) ………......
Figure 4.4 Example of Control Group Posttest (Text 4) ………......
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Example of Procedural Text………...
Table 2.2 The Framework of Teaching and Writing Procedural Text Based on
GBA...
Table 3.1 Experimental Design...
Table 3.2 Lesson Plan of Experimental and Control Group………...
Table 3.3 Schedule of Study………...
Table 3.4 Coefficient Reliability………...
Table 3.5 The Effect Size Scale………...
LIST OF CHARTS
Chart 4.1 Experimental Group and Control Group Pretest Mean………..
Chart 4.2 Experimental Group and Control Group Posttest Mean……….
Chart 4.3 Experimental Group Scores Mean Between Pretest and Posttest………..
Chart 4.4 Experimental Group Scores Gain………...
Chart 4.5 Index Gain of Genre Aspect...
Chart 4.6 Index Gain of Register Aspect...
Chart 4.7 Index Gain of Discourse Aspect ... ...
Chart 4.8 Index Gain of Grammar Aspect ... ...
Chart 4.9 Index Gain of Graphic Features Aspect ... ... 7
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A
Lesson Plan
Teaching Media
Appendix B
Test Instrument
Scoring Rubrics
Appendix C
Students’ Pilot Scores
Students’ Pretest Scores
Students’ Posttest Scores
Appendix D
SPSS Output on Reliability Analysis
SPSS Output on Pretest Scores
SPSS Output on Posttest Scores
SPSS Output on Experimental Group Scores
Effect Size Calculation
Appendix E
Index Gain of Experimental Group Scores
Index Gain of Genre Aspect Scores
Index Gain of Register Aspect Scores
Index Gain of Discourse Aspect Scores
Index Gain of Grammar Aspect Scores
Index Gain of Graphic Features Aspect Scores
Appendix F
Administrative Letters
