PLANETARY BOUNDARIES:
THERE ARE
FUNDAMENTAL
ECOLOGICAL
CONSTRAINTS
Rockström, J., et al. 2009. A safe operating space for humanity. Nature 461:472-475
Steffen, W., J. Rockström, and R. Costanza. 2011. How Defining Planetary
Boundaries Can Transform Our Approach to Growth.
food
& Quality of Life
and Desirable
“doughnut”
THE PARADIGM
OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Moving away from “single economic only track of
development” into “triple economic
-social-envi-ronment (ESE) track of sustainable development:
1. Raising income with value-added of resources
through science and technology;
2. Social development by improving “accessibility
bottlenecks” (economic connectivcity, financial
services, education, health, technology, natural resources, politics) and empowering civil society;
3. Maintaining environmental sustainability by
THE SUSTAINABILITY MAP
+ -- + +
• Profitability
-- -- -- +
Social Benefit
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
INDONESIA
1.
Segi Sosial (Social
Aspects);
2.
Segi Ekonomi (Economic
Aspects);
3.
Segi Lingkungan
SEGI SOSIAL:
KEPENDUDUKAN.
SOCIAL ASPECTS:
POPULATION
Changes in Provincial Distribution of Indonesia
Population 2015 and 2030 (million people)
No. Province 2015 2030
1. Jawa 145,1 163,2
2. Sumatera 55,2 65,9
3. Sulawesi 18,7 21,9
4. Kalimantan 15,3 19,2
5. Bali, Nusa Tenggara 14,1 16,7
6. Papua 4,0 5,1
Population Mobility Negative Net Migration at
All Ages with Peak 20-24 Years
1. Central Java;
2. East Java;
3. Nusa Tenggara;
4. South Sumatera;
5. North Sumatera;
6. West Sumatera;
7. Lampung;
8. South Sulawesi;
Groups of District/ Cities according the Percentage of The Poor (Along the X Line) And The Percentage of Budget Allocation for Poverty Eradication,
Province of Central Java. 2014
internasional, dan naik terus. Namun,
kesejahteraan petani menurun.
Harga ritel domestik naik 14% Persen sejak Okt
2014
Sumber: BPS, CEIC, PIBC.
Sementara, upah riil buruh tani dan NTP terus
menurun
Harga grosir beras domestik
1,7 kali di atas harga internasional
berasosiasi dengan
kesejahteraan petani yang lebih tinggi
Bagaimana cara
mensejahterakan petani?
Upah Riil Buruh Tani (sumbu kiri) NTP (sumbu kanan)
4445 5221
Harga Beras Thai Broken 15%, wholesale
Harga Beras IR-64 II, wholesale
SEGI EKONOMI
1.
Middle Income Trap = if country
stays for long in same income
level;
2.
Peranan Total Faktor Produktifitas;
Output per factors production
growing
3. Pengembangan Sumber Daya
Manusia; Human Resources
Development;
SEGI LINGKUNGAN
1.
Pendekatan Green Growth Approach;
2.
Koreksi “Kegagalan Pasar” Market
failures correction;
3.
Peta-jalan memberi nilai pada modal
Green
compatibility and complementarity between economic and environmental sustainability
Ensuring that economic prosperity is shared and inclusive
Reinforcing the synergies between environmental sustainability and
social goals
Enhanced quality of indicators
Within this bigger
Model Nested SDGs
(Rockstrom dan Sukhdev, 2016)
• SDGs menggunakan logika
nested, bukan triple bottom line.
• Dengan logika nested, maka Tujuan-tujuan SDGs tak bisa dipisah-pisahkan.
• Economy adalah bagian dari society, dan keduanya adalah bagian dari
biosphere. Pemenuhan kebutuhan ekonomi dan sosial hanya bisa
dilakukan di dalam
Specific fiscal policy to support biodiversity conservation
Compensation for set aside area such as conservation areas and HCV within
corporate’s land
Direct biodiversity protection compensation
Removal of perverse subsidies from EXISTING POLICIES
Market-based incentives
Biodiversity related performance-based reward system for corporate sector
Cost/pricing arrangements
Innovative financing
Biodiversity off set markets (may be relevant under certain situation)
GDM (potential for Indonesia ? Any position)
Phylanthropic
Making hidden external costs and benefits visible
Non Exclusive/Non rivalry in consumption
“o ial Cost ≠ P i ate
Cost
(the truth value of social opportunity cost)
Positive when
Social Benefit ►Private Benefit
Addressing
Externalities provides rationale public policy
intervention
Externalities = Major cause of Market Failure
Market Failure = Price Mechanism does not take into account Social C/B on production and consumption
Production and productivity
Outputs and well-being Inputs and Natural
Assets
Water (volume and quality of freshwater)
Forest and marine resources (ha forest, tonnes of fish)
Mineral/energy resources (e.g. gas reserves)
Biodiversity (protected areas, species)
Energy intensity (kWh per unit of GDP
Material intensity (tonnes per unit of GDP)
Waste (percent collected and recycled)
Innovation (R&D, labour productivity)
Health (death / illnesses from air pollution)
Risk (exposure to natural disasters)
Water (availability of clean drinking water, freshwater quality)
Ecosystem services (recreation, aesthetic value)
Source: Green Growth Knowledge Platform: Moving Towards a Common Approach on Green Growth Indicators
Impact pathway of an economy that does value natural capital
Menjelang 2045 kita hadapi depletion of resources/energy requiring direction into:
Resource enrichment naikkan nilai-tambah;
Terutama renewable & bio-diversity natural
resources beserta renewable energy;
Kebijakan ekonomi tertuju pada hilangkan distorsi
harga renewable-versus-non renewable resources;
Human-resource development with Science-Technology-Engineering-Mathematics-Social Science capacity;
FRONTIER BARU PEMBANGUNAN
Pembangunan menjelang 2045 dipengaruhi oleh pengembangan advanced technology, a.l.
Nano-technology;
e sebagai soko-guru sustainable development;
Seeking to manage the life cycle of any product/servic along the following 5 principles of lean thinking:
1. Understand the value created by each product; 2. Identify the value stream for each product;
3. Make value flow withouh interruptions, reduce waste of time, money, energy, and other resources; 4. Encourage customers to pull value through the en-tire system, use modern technique of communication 5. Pursue perfection at every stage;
FROM DEMATERIALIZATION TOWARD
SOCIAL ENTERPRENEURSHIP
1. Dematerializatin: More value, less products;
2. Transfrom the goods into they sell into services;
f o selli g a s to p o idi g o ility ;
As the e olutio of sustai a ility p ofits i effe t
become a reward for enhancing public goods = the
ennobled enterprises– merging private profit and
pu li good Ia Da is , o e lappi g i le of p ofit a d i le of pu li good = e o led e te p ise,
social enterpreneurship;
1. UN-“DG, The Global Goals , Ne Yo k, 5;
2. N.Diop, World Bank, Unpublished paper on Middle In-come Trap, 2015
3. Bambang Widianto, TNP2K, Sekretariat Wakil Presiden
Mengatasi Kemiskinan , Ju i 7;
4. Papers Seminar AIPI 2017: Soeryo Adiwibowo,
T e d issue Ko se asi da Kea eka aga a Hayati da M. Mu a i , Eko o i Biodi e sity ,
5. Glo al G ee G o th I stitute, Review of Green Growth Assessment and Extended Cost-Benefit
BACAAN & KUTIPAN
6. Emil Salim dan kawan2, Population Dynamics and Sustainable Development, UFPA, Jakarta 2015;
7. www.viewsofttheworld.net. Map by Benyamin D. H
Henning;
8. Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, P i sip
dan Kebijakan Dasar Sektor Lingkungan Hidup dan
Kehuta a , 2-4 Agustus 2017.
