Metode Tambang Bawah Tanah Menggunakan Penyangga

(1)

METODE TAMBANG BAWAH TANAH

MENGGUNAKAN PENYANGGA

ARDINAL

F1D113002

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN

JURUSAN TEKNIK KEBUMIAN

FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI

UNIVERSITAS JAMBI

2016

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METODE

METODE TTAMBANG AMBANG BAWBAWAH AH TTANAHANAH MENGGUNAKAN PENYANGGA MENGGUNAKAN PENYANGGA

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Dalalam m aam!m!a"a"# # $a$alalamm a

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,aa""##aa  ))**""..""# # ++aa""## ,

,a"a"##a a **//--a.a.  $$*"*"#a#a"" ,a*

,a*+ + aa% aa% -*-*,*lam,*lamaa"aa" -*/a D.ma"a %"#,. $a/. -*/a D.ma"a %"#,. $a/. )*"

)*"+a"+a"##a##aa" a" .% .% ,*",*"$./$./.. a$

a$alala' a' %"%"%%- - m*m*"a"a'a'a"" aa% m*")a"# !a%a" )a$a %""*l 4l%!a"# !%-aa"5 a#a/ aa% m*")a"# !a%a" )a$a %""*l 4l%!a"# !%-aa"5 a#a/ .$a-*/

*/a$a$. . --*/%*/%"%"%'a" 'a" +a"+a"# # *"*"% % ,a",a"#a #a .$.$a- a- $..$.."#."#."-"-a" a" %"%"%- %-*/a$.

*/a$. F

F%"%"#,#,. . $a$a/. /. )*)*"+"+a"a"####aaaa" " $. $. aam!m!a"a"# # $a$alalam m aaa% a% aam!m!a"a"## !a&a' a"a' a$ala' 

!a&a' a"a' a$ala'  1

1 M*"+M*"+a"##a !a"##a !a%a" +a%a" +a"# )a"# )*",.al *",.al %"%- /%"%- /%"%%"%'' 2

2 M*"aM*"a'a" 7 m*"#'a" 7 m*"#'*".-'*".-a" )*/)a" )*/)."$a'."$a'a" l%!a"a" l%!a"# !%-# !%-aa"aa" T

T%%a" %%a"  M*

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Ma8am9ma8am )*"+a"##a  A

A PP*"*"+a+a"#"##a )a#a )a,.,. 

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Gaamm!!aa/ /  ConContoh toh sussusunaunan n CriCribbibbing ng dikdikombombinainasiksikanan dengan besi baja

dengan besi baja

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D..##%%""aa--aa" " ))aa$$aa l%!a"# !%-aa" +a"# l%!a"# !%-aa" +a"# !*

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D.#%"a-a" )a$a l%!a"# >*/.-al 4/a.,* 7 &."?*5&."?*5

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2 P*P*"+a"+a"##"##a !a !*,. *,. !a!aaa

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B**""%%--""++a a ,,**))**//.. !%,

!%,%/ %/ $a$a" " %m%%m%m"+m"+aa $.#

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$*"#a" -a+% aa% $a)a %#a $.-m!."a,.-a" $*"#a" $*"#a" -a+% aa% $a)a %#a $.-m!."a,.-a" $*"#a" !*"

!*"

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)*/,*#,*#. . )a")a"a"a"# # $a" $a" $.#$.#%"a%"a-a-a" " $. $. $a*$a*/a' /a' l%!l%!a"#a"#99 l%!a"# )/$%-,. %"%- !*!*/a)a ala,a" m*$* .". l%!a"# )/$%-,. %"%- !*!*/a)a ala,a" m*$* .". -a$a"#

$.-m!."a,.--a$a"# $.-m!."a,.-a" $*"#a" -a+% a" $*"#a" -a+% aa% !*"aa% !*" K*%"

K*%"%"#a" )*"+a"##a !*,. %"#a" )*"+a"##a !*,. !aa !aa 

-- Hm#*" $a" m*m)%"+a. ,.a *la,.,.a, +a"# ."##.Hm#*" $a" m*m)%"+a. ,.a *la,.,.a, +a"# ."##.

-- T.$a- $.)*"#a/ T.$a- $.)*"#a/%'. l*' -*l*m!%'. l*' -*l*m!a!a"a!a"

-- L*!.' a'a" lama $.!a"$."# )*"+a"##a -a+%L*!.' a'a" lama $.!a"$."# )*"+a"##a -a+% K*/

K*/%#.a" )*"+a"##a !*,. !aa %#.a" )*"+a"##a !*,. !aa 

-- Ma'al 'a/#a"+aMa'al 'a/#a"+a

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B*

B*" " a$aa$ala' la' 8am8am)%/)%/a" a" a"a"a/a a/a ,*m,*m*"( *"( )a,)a,./ ./ $a" $a" a./a./ +a"# -a$a"#9-a$a"# $.am!a' :a:l

+a"# -a$a"#9-a$a"# $.am!a' :a:l22 48al,.%m 8'l/.$a5 48al,.%m 8'l/.$a5 +a"# !*/%"#,. ,*!a#a. )*m*/8*)a &a-% )*"#*/a,a" +a"# !*/%"#,. ,*!a#a. )*m*/8*)a &a-% )*"#*/a,a" 48%//."# .m*5

48%//."# .m*5 K*%"

K*%"%"#a""+a )*"+a"##a !*" %"#a""+a )*"+a"##a !*" 

-- M*m)%"+a. -%a *-a" +a"# ."##.M*m)%"+a. -%a *-a" +a"# ."##.

-- T Ta'a" */'a$a) )*"#a'a" */'a$a) )*"#a/%' 8%a8aa/%' 8%a8a

-- Ba'a"9!a'a" m%$a' $.$a)aBa'a"9!a'a" m%$a' $.$a)a K*/%

K*/%#.a" )*"+a"##a !*" #.a" )*"+a"##a !*" 

-- K%a a/.- /*"$a'K%a a/.- /*"$a'

-- Da)a 'a"8%/ .!a9.!a( a")a Da)a 'a"8%/ .!a9.!a( a")a a$a a"$a9a"$aa$a a"$a9a"$a

-- Ha"8%/a" !*" .$a- $a)a $.#%"a-a" la#.Ha"8%/a" !*" .$a- $a)a $.#%"a-a" la#. B

B PP*"*"+a+a"#"##a a-#a a-..  B

B**//,,..aa  mm**llaa--%%--aa" " //**aa--,,. . llaa""##,,%%""# # 44++..**ll$$5 5 $$aa"" m

m**mm))**//--%%aa  !!aa%%aa" " **//,,**!!%%  ,,**88aa//a a llaa""##,,%%""## 4/*."/8*m*"5

4/*."/8*m*"5

Ma8am9ma8am )*"+a"##a a-. Ma8am9ma8am )*"+a"##a a-. 1

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2

2 H.H.$/$/a%a%l.l.8 P/8 P/)),, T.a"#

T.a"# )*"+a"##a )*"+a"##a +a"#+a"# )a$

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,..ll..""$$**/ / llaa..""""++a a $$**""##aa"" m*-a".,m*"+a m*-a".,m*"+a m m**""####%%""aa--aa" " ,,..,,**mm '.$/a%l.8 '.$/a%l.8 P

P*"*"+a+a"#"##a #a .".". . %m%m%m%m"+"+aa $

$..##%%""aa--aa" " %%""%%- -)*"+a"##a ,*m*"a/a )a$a )*"+a"##a ,*m*"a/a )a$a l%

l%!a!a"#"#9l9l%!%!a"a"# # )/)/$$%-%-,.,.((

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(7)

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P

P&&*/*/*$ *$ RR  S%S%))))//  4P4PRSRS5 5 a$a$alala' a' ,%,%aa% % !*!*""%- %-)*"+a"##a +a"# $.*/a)-a" $. ,%a% am!a"# !a%!a/a )*"+a"##a +a"# $.*/a)-a" $. ,%a% am!a"# !a%!a/a $. )*"am!a"#a" ;l"#&all<

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(8)

Tambang bawah tanah yang menggunakan

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Material pengisi disini berfungsi sebagai berikut : Material pengisi disini berfungsi sebagai berikut :

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a **mm))aa  !!**//))..aa- - %%""%%- - ))**mm!!//aa" " $$aa" " ))**""####aall..aa"" !*/.-%"+a

!*/.-%"+a !

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System ini cocok untuk endapan sebagai berikut : System ini cocok untuk endapan sebagai berikut :

a

a U"%U"%- *"$a)- *"$a)a" +a"# a" +a"# !*/!!*/!*"%- P*"%- Pa." $*a." $*"#a" $"#a" $.) @.) @00 !

! U"%U"%- *"$a)- *"$a)a" $*"#a" $*"#a" -*a" -**!al*!ala" 196 m*a" 196 m**/*/ 8

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$ //*"+*"+a a m*mm*m.l..l.-. -. ".l".la. +a"# ."##a. +a"# ."##. . $a" m*m*$a" m*m*/l%/l%-a-a" " m."m."."#."# /*8>*/+ +a"# ."##. #%"a

/*8>*/+ +a"# ."##. #%"a m*"%%). "#-,m*"%%). "#-, *

* DaDa)a)a  $.$.)*)*//#%#%"a"a-a-a" " %"%"%%- - *"*"$a$a)a)a" " !.!...' ' +a+a"# "# !a!aaa,","+a+a -%/a"# */a%/ $a" !a"+a- */$a)a Ba//*" /8- 4!a%a" -%/a"# */a%/ $a" !a"+a- */$a)a Ba//*" /8- 4!a%a" ,*-*l.l."#"+a ma,%- -*$alam !..'5 D.a"a/a *"$a)a" !..' ,*-*l.l."#"+a ma,%- -*$alam !..'5 D.a"a/a *"$a)a" !..' +a"# ,*$a"# $.am!a"#

+a"# ,*$a"# $.am!a"#

Keuntungan : Keuntungan :

a

a :%:%--%) %) )l)l*-*-,.,.!*!*l l ,*,*'.'."#"##a #a $a$a)a)a  m*m*"a"am!m!a"a"# # !a!a#.#.a"a"99 !a#.a" +a"# ,%l. $a" $a)a m*"#a$a-a" ,*l*-. m."."# !a#.a" +a"# ,%l. $a" $a)a m*"#a$a-a" ,*l*-. m."."# !

! $a/$a/. . ,,)* )* $a)$a)a a $.l$.la-a-%-%-a" a" *-,*-,)l)l/a,/a,. . %"%"%- %- m*"m*"#*#*a'%a'%.. a/a' )*"+*!a/a" !..' ,*la"%"+a

a/a' )*"+*!a/a" !..' ,*la"%"+a 8

8 Ba/Ba//*"/*" /8-7 /8-7WWa,l* $a)a,l* $a)a $.)a-a $.)a-a. ma*/a. ma*/.al )*"#..al )*"#.,.,. $

$ P*P*ma-ma-a. .m!*/ ,*$.-. ,*'.a. .m!*/ ,*$.-. ,*'."##a -*"##a -*m%"#-m%"#-."a" -*."a" -*!%,%-!%,%-a"a" -a+% $a" -*!a-a/a" a/a"# */a$.

-a+% $a" -*!a-a/a" a/a"# */a$. *

* B.,a mB.,a m*"$a)*"$a)a-a-a" m."."a" m."."# R*# R*8>*/8>*/+ +a"# .+ +a"# ."##."##.

 BB..lla a mm**mm%%""##--..""--aa" " ))**""aamm!!aa""##aa" " $$..llaa--%%--aa" " ))aa$$aa !*!*/a)a *m)a ,*'."##a )/$%-,."+a !*,a/

!*!*/a)a *m)a ,*'."##a )/$%-,."+a !*,a/ #

# KK*8.l -*m%*8.l -*m%"#-."#-."a" */a$."a" */a$."+a )*"%/%"+a )*"%/%"aa" )*/"aa" )*/m%-am%-aa"a"

Kerugiaan: Kerugiaan:

a

(9)

!

! 'a'a/%/%, , $.$.lala--%-%-a" a" )*)*m.m.,a,a'a'aa" a" +a+a"# "# 8%8%--%) %) !a!a.- .- a"a"aa/a/a *"$

*"$a)aa)a" " !.!..' .' $*"$*"#a" #a" mama*/.*/.al al )*")*"#.,#.,. . a#aa#a/ / .$.$a- a- */*/a$a$.. )*"#/a"

)*"#/a" 8

8 O"#-O"#-, , )*"am)*"am!a"#!a"#a" a" /*la/*la. . ."##."##..

*'

*' STU++ STU++ STOP,NGSTOP,NG A

A$a$alala' ' ,%,%aa% % m*m*$$* * ))*"*"amam!!a"a"#a#a" " ++a"a"# # m*m*""####%"%"a-a-a"a" )*"+a"##aa" -a+% 4.m!*/5( $a" )*"+a"##a $.)a,a"# la"#,,%"# )*"+a"##aa" -a+% 4.m!*/5( $a" )*"+a"##a $.)a,a"# la"#,,%"# $a

$a/. /. 'a'a"#"#."."# # &a&all ll --* *   &a&allll  PP*"*"+a+a"#"##a #a .".". . $.$.,*,*!%!%  ,,%l%lll P*"+a"##aa" .". !.a, ,.,.ma.,(*a). !.a, %#a 'a"+a $.)a,a"# P*"+a"##aa" .". !.a, ,.,.ma.,(*a). !.a, %#a 'a"+a $.)a,a"# ,**m)a !.la !.la

,**m)a !.la !.la -*a$aa" !a%a" m*m%"#-."--*a$aa" !a%a" m*m%"#-."-a"a"

Metode penambangan ini cocok untuk endapan bijih yang Metode penambangan ini cocok untuk endapan bijih yang memiliki sifat-sifat sebagai berikut :

memiliki sifat-sifat sebagai berikut : a

a KK*-%*-%aa" !..aa" !..' a#a- *!al' a#a- *!al( ,*'."#( ,*'."##a .$a- )*/#a .$a- )*/l% $.,a"l% $.,a"##a##a !

! -*-*-%a-%aa" !a" !a%a" a%a" ,am),am)."# m%."# m%$a' )*$a' )*8a'8a' 8

8 KK*m./.*m./."#a" *"#a" *"$a)"$a)a" .$a" .$a- */a- */lal% !*lal% !*/)*"/)*"##a/%##a/%'' $

$ U-U-%/a%/a" " *"$*"$a)aa)a" " a"a"a/a 193 m**/a/a 193 m**/( ( +a.+a.% -**% -**!al!ala" ma,.'a" ma,.' !.

!.a, a, $.$.8a8a)a)a. . ll*' *' )*)*"+"+a"a"####a a --a+a+% % aa")")a a ,a,am!m!%"%"#a#a"" 4.m!*/5

4.m!*/5 *

* Ka$Ka$a/ !..' ."##a/ !..' ."##.( -a/.( -a/*"a "#-*"a "#-, )*"am, )*"am!a"#!a"#a" %#a ."##.a" %#a ."##. Cara penambangan :

Cara penambangan : a

a P*P*"*/a)"*/a)a""+a""+a $.!aa $.!aa,. la,. l*' )a"*' )a"a"# ,a"# ,%ll%ll !

! U"U"%- %- m*"m*"#'.#'."$a"$a/. /. am!am!l*,l*,a" a" 4S%4S%/a/a8* 8* S%!S%!,.$,.$*"8*"8*5 *5 ma-ma-aa 'a/%, $..,.

'a/%, $..,. $*#a" $*#a" ma*/.al )*"#.,. ma*/.al )*"#.,. ,*'."##a $a)a ,*'."##a $a)a !*/%!a'!*/%!a' ma"a$. 8% a"$ ll

ma"a$. 8% a"$ ll 8

8 KKalala% a% )*)*"%"%/%/%"a"a" " )*)*//m%m%--aaaa" " !%!%m.m.( ( mama-a -a l%l%!a!a"# "# !*!*-a-a,, lm!"# $a)a $.!.a/-a" -,"# $a" /%"%' ,*"$./. ma-a lm!"# $a)a $.!.a/-a" -,"# $a" /%"%' ,*"$./. ma-a !.a,a"+a +a"# $.)a-a. ) ,l.8."#

!.a,a"+a +a"# $.)a-a. ) ,l.8."# Segi positif stull stoping :

Segi positif stull stoping : a

a ::aa//a a ))**""aamm!!aa""##aa" " ,,a"a"##aa  ,,**$$**//''aa""a a --a/a/**""a a 88aa//aa )*"

)*"+a"+a"##a##a" " .". .". .$.$a- a- ,%,%l. l. ,*',*'."#."##a #a .$.$a- a- m*mm*m*/l*/l%-%-a"a" !a"+a- -a/+a&a" +a"# */am).l

!a"+a- -a/+a&a" +a"# */am).l !

! B.,a m*"B.,a m*"."##."##al-aal-a" ).lla/ +a"" ).lla/ +a"# */!%a# */!%a $a/. !a/ $a/. !a/*" /*" /8-8- 8

8 KKa/a/*"*"a a l%l%&*&*, , $a$a)a)a  $.$.lala--%-%-a" a" ,*,*l*l*88.>.>* * m.m."."."#"#( ( mama--aa )*/l*'a" am!a"#"+a !.a, ."##.

)*/l*'a" am!a"#"+a !.a, ."##. $

$ M*m.lM*m.l.-. am.".-. am."a" -*aa" -*ama"ama"a" +a"# 8%-" +a"# 8%-%) !a.- $.!%) !a.- $.!a"$."#a"$."#-a"-a" ,=%a/* ,*."# aa% 8% a"$ ll( -a/*"a %-%/a" *"$a)a" ,=%a/* ,*."# aa% 8% a"$ ll( -a/*"a %-%/a" *"$a)a" !..'"+a .).,

!..'"+a .).,

Segi negatif Stull Stoping : Segi negatif Stull Stoping :

(10)

a

a KKa/a/*"*"a a m*m*mama-a-a. . )*)*"+"+a"a"####a a -a-a+% +% $a$a)a)a  m*m*"+"+*!*!a!a!--a"a" )*m!%,%-a"

)*m!%,%-a" ,*/a ,*/a -*!a-a/a"-*!a-a/a" !

! PPa$a$a a %%m%m%m"m"++a a ,%,%--a/ a/ %%""%- %- m*m*"#"#'.'.""$a$a/. /. **//aa$.$.""+a+a )*"#/a"

)*"#/a" 8

8 DaDa)a)a  m*m*"+"+*!*!a!a!--a" a" amam!l!l*,*,a" a" --*8*8%a%al. l. $.$..-.-%%. . $*$*"#"#a"a" )*"#.,.a" !*-a,9!*-a, lm!"#

)*"#.,.a" !*-a,9!*-a, lm!"#

-' S.uae Set Stop$ng -' S.uae Set Stop$ng S=%

S=%a/a/* * ,* ,* ,,).")."# # m*/m*/%)a%)a-a-a" " ,.,,.,*m *m )a")a"am!am!a"#a"#a" a" $*"$*"#a"#a" )*"+a"##aa" ,*8a/a ,.*ma., +a"# ,al."# *#a- l%/%, -*,*#ala )*"+a"##aa" ,*8a/a ,.*ma., +a"# ,al."# *#a- l%/%, -*,*#ala a/

a/a'a' (t(tiga dimeniga dimensi)si).. P*"+a"##a .". m*m.l-. -*/a"#-a !*/%)aP*"+a"##a .". m*m.l-. -*/a"#-a !*/%)a -%!%, ma%)%" *m)a )*/,*#. )a"a"#

-%!%, ma%)%" *m)a )*/,*#. )a"a"#

Cara ini cocok untuk endapan yang bersifat : Cara ini cocok untuk endapan yang bersifat :

a

a KK*-%*-%aa" !.aa" !..' l*m.' l*ma' ,*/a' ,*/a m%$a' /a m%$a' /%"%%"%'' !

! KK*-%*-%aa" !aaa" !a%a" ,am)%a" ,am)."# l*ma' ,*."# l*ma' ,*/a m%$/a m%$a' /%"%a' /%"%'' 8

8 B*"B*"%- *"$%- *"$a)aa)a" " a- )*/a- )*/l% m*m.ll% m*m.l.-. !aa.-. !aa,9!,9!aaaa, , +a"+a"# # !a.!a.- -aa% *la, $.l.'a( m.,al"+a m*m)%"+a. C ,'( )8-*( aa% *la, $.l.'a( m.,al"+a m*m)%"+a. C ,'( )8-*( $ll

$ll $

$ KK*m.*m./."/."#a" *#a" *"$a"$a)a" )a"  @ @00_{+# !*/!*"%- %/a !..'}_{+# !*/!*"%- %/a !..'} *

* U-U-%/a%/a" *"$" *"$a)a)a" m."a" m.".m%.m%m 3( mm 3( m

 M*mM*m.l..l.-. --. -a$aa$a/ !./ !..' +.' +a"# a"# ,a",a"#a #a ."."##.##.

Um%m"+a 8a/a .". 88- %"%- *"$a)a" $*"#a" !a%a" +a"# Um%m"+a 8a/a .". 88- %"%- *"$a)a" $*"#a" !a%a" +a"# l%"a-( l*' -a/*"a .% 8a/a )*"am!a"#a" .". ,%l. %"%- $.%!a' l%"a-( l*' -a/*"a .% 8a/a )*"am!a"#a" .". ,%l. %"%- $.%!a' -*8a/a )*"am!a"#a" +a"# la."

-*8a/a )*"am!a"#a" +a"# la."

A-A-a" a" **a). a). -a-ala% la% ,a",a"#a #a **/)a/)a-,a-,a( ( m.,m.,al"al"+a +a -a-a/*/*"a "a --*a$*a$aa"aa" !a%a" a#a- -*/a, $a" ,%/a8* ,%!,.$*"8* .$a- !l*' */a$.( !a%a" a#a- -*/a, $a" ,%/a8* ,%!,.$*"8* .$a- !l*' */a$.( ma-a $a)a $.%!a' -* 8a/a 8% a"$ ll aa% ,%ll ,)."# !.la %/a ma-a $a)a $.%!a' -* 8a/a 8% a"$ ll aa% ,%ll ,)."# !.la %/a !..'"+a .).,

!..'"+a .)., :a/

:a/a a )*")*"am!am!a"#a"#a" a" .". .". $a)$a)a a $.)$.)a-a-a. a. ,*!,*!a#aa#a. . )*l)*l*"#*"#-a-a) ) aaaa%% )*m!a"% 8a/a )*"am!a"#a" la." !.la !*"%- !..'"+a .$a- !a.-( )*m!a"% 8a/a )*"am!a"#a" la." !.la !*"%- !..'"+a .$a- !a.-( m.,al"+a $.*m%-a" C ,'( aa% )*"+a"##a %"$*/ 8a )a$a m.,al"+a $.*m%-a" C ,'( aa% )*"+a"##a %"$*/ 8a )a$a !l-8

!l-8a>."#a>."#  K*K*8%al8%al. . ,=%a/,=%a/* * ,*.,*."# "# ,*/.",*/."# # $.)*/$.)*/#%"a-#%"a-a" a" %"%- %"%-m*"#am!.l ).lla/ +a"# */l*a- $.a"a/a lm!"#9lm!"# +a"# m*"#am!.l ).lla/ +a"# */l*a- $.a"a/a lm!"#9lm!"# +a"# ,%$a' $..,. $*"#a" ll."# ma*/.al

,%$a' $..,. $*"#a" ll."# ma*/.al Segi positif Suare Set Stoping : Segi positif Suare Set Stoping :

(11)

a

a Da)a $.Da)a $.#%"a#%"a-a" %"-a" %"%- m*"%- m*"am!a"am!a"# ,*#al# ,*#ala ma8am %-a ma8am %-%/a"%/a" $a

$a" " !*!*""%- %- *"*"$a$a)a)a" " !.!...'( '( a,a,al al --*m*m././."."#a#a" " @@00_(l%&*,_(l%&*,

$a

$alalam m a/a/. . $a$a)a)a  m*m*"a"am!m!a"a"# # ,*,*#a#ala la mama8a8am m !*!*""%- %-*"$a)a"

*"$a)a" !

! Da)Da)a $.)a-a $.)a-a. %"%a. %"%- - *"$*"$a)aa)a" " $a" !a$a" !a%a" ,am%a" ,am).")."# +a"## +a"# -*a$aa""

-*a$aa""+a ,a"#a l%"a- $a" +a ,a"#a l%"a- $a" m%$a' /%"%'m%$a' /%"%' 8

8 M*m%"M*m%"#-."-#-."-a" $.la-a" $.la-%-a"%-a""+a )*"a"+a )*"am!a"#m!a"#a" $*"#a" $*"#a" m."."a" m."."## /*8>*/+ +# ."##.  0

/*8>*/+ +# ."##.  0 4'.#' m."."# */a8."54'.#' m."."# */a8."5 $

$ VV*".la*".la,. l*!,. l*!.' m%$.' m%$a' $.aa' $.a%/%/ *

* Da)a Da)a m*m!m*m!*/. */. -*-*ama"aama"a" " -*-*/a /a +a"# +a"# ."##."##..

Segi negatif Suar Set Stoping : Segi negatif Suar Set Stoping :

a

a M*maM*ma-a. !a"-a. !a"+a- )*"++a- )*"+a"##a"##a -a+% ,*'a -a+% ,*'."##a m*"."##a m*"+*!a!+*!a!-a"-a" "

"#-#-, , )*)*"a"am!m!a"a"#a#a" " mama""a$a$. . mama'a'al( l( --*m*m%"%"#-#-."."a"a" !

!aa''aa++a a --**!!aa--aa//aa" " ll**!!..' ' !!**,,aa//( ( $$aa" " $$aa))aa  **//aa$$.. )*m!%,%-a" ,*'."##a a-a" */!*"%- #a,9#a, !*/a8%" )*m!%,%-a" ,*'."##a a-a" */!*"%- #a,9#a, !*/a8%" !

! WWa-a-% % %"%"%- %- )*")*"+.a+.a)a" $a" )a" $a" )*")*"+*$+*$.aa.aa" " -a-a+% +% )*")*"+a"+a"##a##a l*

l*!.!.' ' --%/%/a"a"# # $a$a/. /. 3030( ( ,*,*$a$a"#"#--a" a" >>l%l%m* m* -a-a+% +% +a+a"#"# $.!%%'-a" ,*-.a/ 691

$.!%%'-a" ,*-.a/ 691 8

8 S%-S%-a/ $.%a/ $.%!a' -!a' -*,.,*,.,*m )*"*m )*"am!a"am!a"#a" +#a" +a"# laa"# la."."

DA)TA/ PUSTAKA DA)TA/ PUSTAKA

')77%l.a",%/ama,!l#,)8.$7

')77%l.a",%/ama,!l#,)8.$7 D.a-,*, )a$a 1 A)/.l 2016 D.a-,*, )a$a 1 A)/.l 2016 )%-%l 23@ WIB

)%-%l 23@ WIB

'),77&&&,8/.!$8m7$872616627P*"+a"##aa"9Tam!a"#9

Ba&a'9Ta"a'

Ba&a'9Ta"a' D.a-,*, )a$a 1 A)/.l  D.a-,*, )a$a 1 A)/.l 2016 )%-%l 23@ WIB2016 )%-%l 23@ WIB '),77%#8alm."*&

'),77%#8alm."*&/$)//$)/*,,8m7a#7,.,*m*,,8m7a#7,.,*m9)*"+a"##aa"79)*"+a"##aa"7 D.a-,*, )a$a 1 A)/.l 2016 )%-%l 23@ WIB

D.a-,*, )a$a 1 A)/.l 2016 )%-%l 23@ WIB

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