ASUNGA OMTE
(ZON OLNA)
No. Athu Laimai
1. Sinna I 1-5 2. Sinna II 6-7 3. Sinna III 8 4. Sinna IV 9 5. Sinna V 10 6. Sinna VI 11 7. Sinna VII 12 8. Sinna VIII 13 9. Sinna IX 14 10. Sinna X 15 11. Sinna XI 16-17 12. Sinna XII 18-19 13. Sinna XIII 20 14. Sinna XIV 21-22 15. Sinna XV 23 16. Sinna XVI 24-25 17. Sinna XVII 26 18. Sinna XVIII 28-30 19. Sinna XIX 31-35 20. Sinna XX 36-41 21. Sinna XXI 42-46 22. Sinna XXII 47-48 23. Sinna XXIII 49-52 24. Sinna XXIV 53-60 25. Sinna XXV 61-64 26. Sinna XXVI 65-69 27. Sinna XXVII 70-75 28. Sinna XXVIII 76-81 29. Sinna XXIX 82-87 30. Sinna XXX 88-99
LUNGDAM KOHNA LEH THUMNA
Hih laibu hong piankhiat theih nadingin, hong gualzawhpih ih Topa Pasian tung ah lungdam na ka ko masa hi.
Liabu a at masa Sia Cin Sian Pau tung leh a lawm te tung ah zong ka lungdam mahmah hi.
A diakdiak in, Computer hong zang sak Sia U Phy Win leh Tg Kiim Mang tungah zong lungdam na ka ko hi.
Hih Paunam khenna leh kampau luanzia laibu pen Sia Cin Sian Pau at sa ka lak kik hi a, khialhna a omleh tua khempeuh kong thum hi. hih laibu pen sumbawl na dinga ki khen kik hi lo-in, hoih ka sak mahmah man-in ka sim ding leh kep ding a ka lak kik hi. A sim kha mi mal kim in zong deih ding in hong lam en ing.
Zomi leh Zolai a it,
63. A Gik Tehna 153
64. Ni khat tunkhenna 153
65. Kimawlna nam tuamtuam te 154
66. Naupangla, nau oihla, Daakla leh phit la 155 67. aw sagih aw tawh a kisa naupangla 156
68. Nau oihla 156
69. Daakla 158
70. Phiitla 159
71. Zomite khangkua kizopna min ki leh bulhte 159
72. Paunak leh A khiatna 161-164
73. Lakamleha cihnop 165-167
74. Min lawhna 168
75. Khat lawhna 169
76. Kam ki leh bulh 170-171
77. Tehpih kammal ‘bang’ 172-173
78. A pawl cing sak 174-175
79. Kammalte 176-181
80. Kammal zatte 182-184
31. Sinna XXXI 100-105
32. Sinna XXXII 106-114
33. Sinna XXXIII 115-118
33. Laimal kibang, khiatna tampi 119-120
34. Lai-aw nih awngin khat 121
35. Zomite pianna thu 122-123
36. Gambup ni thu 124
37. Zominamni a hong pian khiatna tangthu 125-126
38. Khuadopawi thu 127-130
39. Zongeina leh biakna 131-136
40. Innteekt Tavuan 137-138
41. Mokhak sahawmna 139
42. Sakuang khen 140
43. Khanken kawsah hawmna laangkhakna ‘Adaak’ 141-143
44. Naukuun 144
45. Hihneih Gal-aih sa-Gaihna 145
46. Sial ngetna leh naucing goihna 146
47. Sa kigawhna 146
48. Zuhawm dan 147
49. Zupan 147
50. Nuhkaa ni, lawm hawmna 147
51. Sa kigawh zuhawmna 148 52. Zo nambatte 148 53. A lam a simna 148 54. Zawma nambatte 149 55. Kha minte 150 56. Nipikal minte 150 57. Hun khenna 151 58. Asau tehna 151 59. Area Tehna 152 60. Agik Tehna 152 61. Sum simna 152 62. A sau Tehna 153 SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS
SINNA - I
LAIMAL BULPITE (ALPHABETS)
Zolai sungah Laimal namnih om a, laimal gol leh laimal neu a hi hi.
LAIMAL GOLTE (CAPITAL LETTERS)
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
LAIMAL NEUTE (SMALL LETTERS)
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ABC LA /m :r /d :l, /d :d /d :-A B C D E F G /d ;d /t, :l, /s, :s, /s, :-H I J K L M N /r :r /r :t, /r :r /r r O P Q R S T U V /s, :s, /l, :t, /d :- /- :-W X Y Z KIHOPIHNALA /d .d :- /m.m:- /s .s:- /d’ .d’
:-Hallo, Hallo Hallo Hallo
Dammaw, Dammaw Dammaw Dammaw
/d’ .d’ :- /s .s :- /m .m :- /d .d
:-Hallo Hallo Hallo Hallo
Dammaw Dammaw Dammaw Dammaw
/m .m :s .s /m :d /m .m :s .s /m :d
We are glad to meet you,we areglad to meet you. Ih kimuh lungdam un, Ih kituah lungdamun.
mahmah hong piang thei leuleu hi. Tu-in tuate khempeuh abanban in ih sinta ding hi.
Atomin:
Laimungte kici, khat beka Awsuakthei lote ahi, B C D F G H J KLMNPQRSTV W X Y Z, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th-te leh a tunga Awsuaksak teng khempeuh ih gawm ciangin Zolai, Zopau namkim kingah pah ding hi. Laimungte lakah ei Zolai leh Zopau a, kizang khollo laimungte in : F J Q R X Y te ahi hi. Hihte leh Awsuaksak te pen a kisam banga, akisap hunhun a, gawmtawm a zat theih ding ahi hi.
A tunga Awsuaksakte in, aw suaksak thei a, Laimungte tawh ih gawm ciangin, khiatna nei kammal hong piang theipan hi. Hih a tunga teng ii aw suahdan ngahkhin peuh leng, Laimungte tawh i gawm ciangin zong bang mah haksatna om tuanlo ding hi. A tunga Awsuaksakte aw bulphuhin, Laimungte aw tawh gawmleng Zopau, Zolai, kammal hoih mahmah hong piang ding ahi hi. Ih Zolai ih Zopau kammalte pen a tunga Awsuaksak teng leh Laimung teng gawm khin thei peuh leng kammal kisam dang om nawn loin, a kim pahlian dinga, kibawl ahi hi. SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS LAIMUNGTE (CONSONANTS) LEHAWSUAKSAKTHEILAIMALTE (VOWELS) Laimungte: B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th.
Aw suaksak thei laimalte (Vowels):
a, e, i, o, u, aw a e i o u aw ah eh ih oh uh awh ai ei ii oi ui awi ak ek ik ok uk awk al el i1 o1 ul awl am em im om um awm an en in on un awn ap ep ip op up awp at et it ot ut awt au eu iu ou uu awu
ang eng ing ong ung awng
aih eih iih oih uih awih
alh e1h ilh olh ulh awlh
auh euh iuh ouh uuh awuh
ia ua iah uah iai uai
iak uak ial ual iam uam
ian uan iap uap iat uat
iau uau iang uang
Hih a tunga teng pen, Awsuaksak thei laimalte hi a, a mai ah Laimungte kici, khat bek a awsuak thei lo laimalte bulh lehang, kammal hoih mahmah hong piangpah hi.
Tua banah, hih aw suaksak thei laimalte mai-ah, Laimungte ahi khat beka aw suak thei lo laimalte lakpan, ‘Ng’ ahi zongin, ‘Kh’ ahi zongin, ‘Ph’ ahi zongin, ‘Th’ahi zongin, ih behlap ciangin kammal hoih
PHAWK DING: Sinna II pan XVII kikal pen Zolai Laimungte leh Awsuaksak theite gawm a, kammal bawlna ahi hi. Tua ahih manin hih sunga om laigualte pen ih simkhit na ciangciang a huam dinga kibawl ahi hi.
Gentehna-in Sinna 11 na-ah Laimungte leh Awsuaksak theite ahi: a,e,i,o,u, aw te gawma a kingah kammalte tawh laigual kibawl ahi hi. Ih sin nai loh, ah, eh, ih, oh, A awh te tawh kibawl kammalte kizang thei nai lo hi.
1. Ka pa’ ta ka hi hi. (√) 2. Ka pa tawh ka om hi. (x)
Banghanghiam cih leh nambat nihna-a “tawh” thu kisin nai lo ahih man hi.
Tua mah bangin adangte zong, ih sinna ciangciang a huam dinga laigual kibawl ahih lam phawk ciat ni.
SINNA II
Kammal apian theihna dingin, Awsuaksak thei laimalte leh khatkia a aw suak thei lo laimalte ih gawm tading hi.
a e i o u aw Ba Be Bi Bo Bu Baw Ca Ce Ci Co Cu Caw Da De Di Do Du Daw Ga Ge Gi Go Gu Gaw Ha He Hi Ho Hu Haw Ka Ke Ki Ko Ku Kaw La Le Li Lo Lu Law Ma Me Mi Mo Mu Maw Na Ne Ni No Nu Naw Pa Pe Pi Po Pu Paw Sa Se Si So Su Saw Ta Te Ti a: 1. Alu a to hi. 2. Bi a po zo hi. 3. Be a su hi. 4. Ci va la ve.
5. Dopi kha ni a sa hi. 6. Ga a la hi. 7. Gutate a bu hi. 8. Ka ta a migi hi. 9. Ka mo a gi hi. 10. Haza va la hi. 11. Ni a sa hi. 12. Tho a na hi. 13. Mawtaw ka mu hi. 14. Lono po zo lo hi.
15. Kapu’tupa ka hi hi . 16. Vasabu ka mu hi. 17. A u’aw a za hi. 18. Sazaw a ta hi. 19. Zomi ka hi hi. 20. Zi a pi zo hi. 21. Mubu ka mu hi. 22. Mo ka pi zo hi. 23. Ngasa a ne hi. 24. Kha a de hi. 25. A khe a na hi. SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SINNA III ah A ih oh uh awh
Bah Beh Bih Boh Buh Bawh
Cah Ceh Cih Coh Cuh Cawh
Dah Deh Dih Doh Duh Dawh
Gah Geh Gih Goh Guh Gawh,
Hah Heh Hih Hoh Huh Hawh
Kah Keh Kih Koh Kuh Kawh
Hih bangin L, M, N, P, S, T, V, Z, Ng, Ph, Kh, Th dongbawl in. A tunga laimalte laigual a zatna:
1. Lo ah buhtuh a huh hi.
2. Zato ah zaa a nuh hi.
3. Gah leh teh kane hi.
4. Ih meh ci na sawh ve.
5. A u buh tuh a huh hi.
6. Mi cimawhte a hehpih hi.
7. Hih lawh na dawh ve.
8. Ala! Ka cihmah ahi veh leh.
9. A behpa a huh hi.
10. Saseh a la hi.
11. A pi a dah mahmah hi.
12. Tano a zahla hi.
13. Lo ahuh a, a zawh pih hi.
14. Sameh a ne hi.
15. Be a kheh hi.
SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SINNA IV
ai ei ii oi ui awi
Bai Bei Bii Boi Bui Bawi
Cai Cei Cii Coi Cui Cawi
Dai Dei Dii Doi Dui Dawi
Gai Gei Gii Goi Gui Gawi
Hai Hei Hii Hoi Hui Hawi
Kai Kei Kii Koi Kui Kawi
Hih bangin L, M, N, P, S, T, V, Z, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala
zatna:-1. Zola a awi hi. 2. Sa a ai hi. 3. Mei a tawh hi. 4. Pawi-ah a pai hi. 5. Daitui a kai hi. 6. Lawi nawi a ne hi. 7. Neino a nui hi. 8. Buh a gawi hi.
9. Tawikhaina tawh a teh hi. 10. Mai a gah hi.
11. Mui a kipei hi.
12. Kapa in ngawi a dawh hi.
SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SINNA V
ak ek ik ok uk awk
Bak Bek Bik Bok Buk Bawk
Cak Cek Cik Cok Cuk Cawk
Dak Dek Dik Dok Duk Dawk
Gak Gek Gik Gok Guk Gawk
Hak Hek Hik Hok Huk Hawk
Kak Kek Kik Kok Kuk Kawk
Hih bangin L, M, N, P, S, T, V, Z, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala
zatna:-1. Akbubah ah ak a tui hi. 2. Sakuh a total hi.
3. Toknai ah vasa a awk hi. 4. Vuk lakah pak po zolo hi. 5. Kapi’ nik kikek zota hi. 6. Unok a pakta hi.
7. Lo-ah buk a lam hi. 8. Sektawh siik kiseek hi. 9. Cik lakah aisa a sawk hi. 10. Mihaipa a mawkvak hi. 11. Nungakte a kikawi uh hi. 12. Saihapak a ngo mahmah hi. 13. Bull lakah ga a khan hi. 14. Phihtu a pakta hi.
15. Thuhkikna in Topa’a ahi hi.
SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS
SINNA VI
al e l i l ol u l awl
Bal Bel Bil Bol Bul Bawl
Cal Cel Cil Col Cul Cawl
Dal Del Dil Dol Dul Dawl
Gal Gel Gil Gol Gul Gawl
Hal Hel Hil Hol Hul Hawl
Hih bangin K, L, M, N, P, S, T, V, Z, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in,
A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna: 1. Bel tawh tui a tawi hi. 2. Kelldai a kai hi. 3. Gal a do hi. 4. Kawlkai a to hi. 5. Pawlpi a huh hi. 6. Dainawlah ak a ta hi. 7. Gul a mu hi.
8. Lo a hal hi. 9. Sa a sol hi.
10. A zawlpa a hawh hi. 11. Sihlu a lal hi. 12. Mainul a lei hi. 13. Mehlei a bawl hi.
14. Pilna sumtawh kilei zolo hi. 15. Thupha na bawl in.
16. Sakol a khih hi.
17. Kawl tuikhuk a thuk mahmah hi. SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SINNA VII
am em im om um awm
Bam Bem Bim Bom Bum Bawm
Cam Cem Cim Com Cum Cawm
Dam Dem Dim Dom Dum Dawm
Gam Gem Gim Gom Gum Gawm
Ham Hem Him Hom Hum Hawm
Hih bangin K, L, M, N, P, S, T, V, Z, Ng, Kh, Ph dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala
zatna:-1. Zam a tum hi. 2. Humpi a hawk hi. 3. Dum a to hi.
. Samsih nih ka nei hi. 5. Saipi a gol mahmah hi. 6. A sam a nimvom hi. 7. Vaimimlum a bawl hi. 8. Kawlgamah tui a tam hi. 9. Lawmbawm na nei maw? 10. Tawhbom a kem hi. 11. Mipilte kamtam lo hi.
12. Momno, aino tam mahmah hi. 13. Tai sawm tai kidem hi.
14. Vamim a ham hi. 15. Nipipak a ngum ta hi.
16. Uipi leh saguh bawk, ki ci hi. 17. Lo za kho a an a khom hi.
SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS
SINNA VIII
an en in on un awn
Ban Ben Bin Bon Bun Bawn
Can Cen Cin Con Cun Cawn
Dan Den Din Don Dun Dawn
Gan Gen Gin Gon Gun Gawn
Han Hen Hin Hon Hun Hawn
Hih bangin K, L, M, N, P, S, T, V, Z, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th d ong bawl in.
A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna:-1. Mawhna thaman sihna ahi hi. 2. Tano in a nu a en hi.
3. Bum a leh hi.
4. Tho in kha nih a nei hi. 5. Theigah a minta hi.
6. Lokhopa in khai ci a vawh hi. 7. Ngen tawh ngasa a khuh hi. 8. Ngal hapaksa tumkik lo hi. 9. Ka nu-in khi a ok hi. 10. Phalbi lai-in vuk a khal hi. 11. Ka pi-in khi a khil hi. 12. Kanteh a kan hi.
13. Dainawl ah nin a pai hi. 14. Sengam ah mi a tam hi. 15. Van ah aksi a om hi. 16. Zun a tha hi.
17. Kham leh Ngun a manpha mahmah hi. 18. Lui gei-a sing po a awn hi.
19. Innka dawnah a tu hi. 20. Laibu a lem/phen hi.
SINNA IX
ap ep ip op up awp
Bap Bep Bip Bop Bup Bawp
Cap Cep Cip Cop Cup Cawp
Dap Dep Dip Dop Dup Dawp
Gap Gep Gip Gop Gup Gawp
Hap Hep Hip Hop Hup Hawp
Hih bangin K, L, M, N, P, S, T, V, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala
zatna:-1. Akpi a op hi.
2. A nu’ nasep a huh hi. 3. Hap in a bii hi. 4. Nasa in a kap hi.
5. Upmawh thu gen kei-in. 6. Cippi in si a dawn hi. 7. Tui lakah a pap hi. 8. Phil ngahmun ah a ngap hi. 9. A pu si a, a kap hi.
10. Zateep leh zudawn kideek ni. 11. Sik-hup in sik bek a hup thei hi. 12. Lupna bawl a, a lum hi.
13. A inn keh a, a phop hi.
SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS
SINNA X
at et it ot ut awt
Bat Bet Bit Bot But Bawt
Cat Cet Cit Cot Cut Cawt
Dat Det Dit Dot Dut Dawt
Gat Get Git Got Gut Gawt
Hat Het Hit Hot Hut Hawt
Hih bangin K, L, M, N, P, S, T, V, Z, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bnawl in.
A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna-1. Tem tawh moh a at hi. 2. A u ot a za hi.
3. A nu in tano a it hi. 4. A sarn a met hi. 5. Be a bot hi. 6. Datmei a de hi.
7. Nasemte na gawtbawl kei in. 8. Itna in hehpihna tawh kidim hi. 9. Ka pu-in pat a kap hi.
10. Ka pi-in patkol tawh pat a hek hi. 11. Hellgam in gawt mun ahi hi. 12. Migitna in pilna ahi hi. 13. Kitotna in haina ahi hi. 14. Nget in vaimirn a ne hi. 15. Khetphim na kheen ve. 16. Phiit a muut hi.
17. Tu ni-in kigi kiphut hi. 18. Ka pi-in ga abut hi.
SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SINNA XI
au eu iu ou uu(awu)
Bau Beu Biu Bou Buu
Cau Ceu Ciu Cou Cuu
Dau Deu Diu Dou Duu
Gau Geu Giu Gou Guu
Hau Heu Hiu Hou Huu
Kau Keu Kiu Kou Kuu
Lau Leu Liu Lou Luu
Mau Meu Miu Mou Muu
Nau Neu Niu Nou Nuu
Pau Peu Piu Pou Puu
Sau Seu Siu Sou Suu
Tau Teu Tiu Tou Tuu
Vau Veu Viu Vou Vuu
Zau Zeu Ziu Zou Zuu
Hih bangin Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dongin bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala
zatna:-1. Vau a pakta hi. 2. Seu tawh an a teh hi. 3. Midikte a daupai hi. 4. Vaimimgau a hau hi. 5. Galkapte a pai deudeu hi. 6. Ka nau a neu lai hi. 7. Innkiu ah kawlgit a bu hi. 8. Lozau ah mai a gah hi. 9. Ka pu teipi a sau hi. 10. Haigah a heu hi.
11. Zalui tuizeu in meiset kipeisak hi. 12. Galkapte in than a tawi hi.
14. Zawhngeu in zusa a man hi. 15. Naungek a cina a, a nu a lawh hi.
SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SINNA XII
ang eng ing ong ung awng
Bang Beng Bing Bong Bung Bawng
Cang Ceng Cing Cong Cung Cawng
Dang Deng Ding Dong Dung Dawng
Gang Geng Ging Gong Gung Gawng
Hang Heng Hing Hong Hung Hawng
Kang Keng King Kong Kung Kawng
Lang Leng Ling Long Lung Lawng
Mang Meng Ming Mong Mung Mawng
Nang Neng Ning Nong Nung Nawng
Pang Peng Ping Pong Pung Pawng
Sang Seng Sing Song Sung Sawng
Tang Teng Ting Tong Tung Tawng
Vang Veng Ving Vong Vung Vawng
Zang Zeng Zing Zong Zung Zawng
Hih bangin Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna;
1. Siapa in sangnaupang note a it hi. 2. Sangah Mikangpau ka sin hi. 3. Lungdambawl hun hong tungta hi. 4. Pingpong ka kimawl hi.
5. Zingsang tungin lai ka sim hi. 6. Leitungin Ni kimvelin a pai hi. 7. Leitung sangin tuipi a zaizaw hi. 8. Lingkung pan lenggah kilo lo hi. 9. Sawng bengten sahang a man uh hi. 10. Sahang vunin sum tampi a man hi.
11. Naupangte in tukpeng sui-in a kimawl uh hi. 12. Dawhdan tungah a tu hi.
13. Pilna in ngun leh kham sangin manpha zaw hi. 14. Leitung kimvelin kha a pai hi.
15. A pa singphuk a huh hi. 16. Phuitong pak a etlawm hi. 17. Sim lamah lo a hong/hung hi. 18. Tak lakah vok a gamta hi.
19. Guah zu a nasepna nawngkai mahmah hi. 20. Tuikhuk sung pan tui kingah hi.
21. A ha’heng a a phop hi. 22. Ankhing na sasak ve.
23. Phungsung thu a kikum uh hi. 24. Saipi a ngeng/gol mahmah hi.
SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SINNA XIII
aih eih iih oih uih awih
Baih Beih Biih Boih Buih Bawih
Caih Ceih Ciih Coih Cuih Cawih
Daih Deih Diih Doih Duih Dawih
Gaih Geih Giih Goih Guih Gawih
Haih Heih Hiih Hoih Huih Hawih
Kaih Keih Kiih Koih Kuih Kawih
Laih Leih Liih Loih Luih Lawih
Maih Meih Miih Moih Muih Mawih
Naih Neih Niih Noih Nuih Nawih
Paih Peih Piih Poih Puih Pawih
Saih Seih Siih Soih Suih Sawih
Taih Teih Tiih Toih Tuih Tawih
Vaih Veih Viih Voih Vuih Vawih
Zaih Zeih Ziih Zoih Zuih Zawih
Hih bangin Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna:
1. Lolai-ah tang a haih hi.
2. Huihpi nunga, sing a mutpai hi. 3. Hih naungek nawigoih hi. 4. Taihinn a to mahmah hi. 5. A inn tawh maan a kizaih hi. 6. Akpi in ankam a tumuih hi.
7. Mehteh mehgah nekna in, cidamna tawh kikaih hi. 8. Zopau a baih kei hi.
9. Zuihding thukham a khung hi. 10. Vuttui a khaih hi.
11. Khamtheih guihtheih natang un. 12. Khin tungah saphek a koih hi. 13. Ih pu ih pate in dawi a thoih hi.
SINNA XIV
alh, elh ilh ilh ulh awlh
Balh Belh Bilh Bolh Bulh Bawlh
Calh Celh Cilh Colh Culh Cawlh
Dalh Delh Dilh Dolh Dulh Dawlh
Galh Gelh Gilh Golh Gulh Gawlh
Halh Helh Hilh Holh Hulh Hawlh
Kalh Kelh Kilh Kolh Kulh Kawlh
Talh Lelh Lilh Lolh Lulh Lawlh
Malh Melh Milh Molh Mulh Mawlh
Nalh Nelh Nilh Nolh Nulh Nawlh
Palh Pelh Pilh Polh Pulh Pawlh
Salh Selh Silh Solh Sulh Sawlh
Talh Telh Tilh Tolh Tulh Tawlh
Valh Velh Vilh Volh Vulh Vawlh
Zalh Zelh Zilh Zolh Zulh Zawlh
Hih bangin Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna:
1. Ga a bilh hi.
2. Tembul a kip nangin giptawh kibulh hi. 3. Unok paak a palh hi.
4. Manta meh a alh hi.
5. Zawhngeu in zusa a delh hi. 6. Zulhzau gamtat kei-in. 7. Golhguk la kei-in. 8. Zatang a nomvalh hi.
9. Awngvang-ah ki-awnghawlh hi. 10. Sungtholh za a ne hi.
11. Gamkang a phelh hi. 12. A vun a dulh hi. 13. Sangoi a thalh hi.
14. Lai a hilh hi.
15. Meikang a phelh hi. 16. Vok a gualgulh hi.
SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS
SINNA XV
auh, euh, iuh, ouh uuh(awuh)
Bauh Beuh Biuh Bouh Buuh
Cauh Ceuh Ciuh Couh Cuuh
Dauh Deuh Diuh Douh Duch
Gauh Geuh Giuh Gouh Guuh
Hauh Heuh Hiuh Houh Huuh
Kauh Keuh Kiuh Kouh Kuuh
Lauh Leuh Liuh Louh Luuh
Mauh Meuh Miuh Mouh Muuh
Nauh Neuh Niuh Nouh Nuuh
Pauh Peuh Piuh Pouh Puuh
Sauh Seuh Siuh Souh Suuh
Tauh Teuh Tiuh Touh Tuuh
Vauh Veuh Viuh Vouh Vuuh
Zauh Zeuh Ziuh Zouh Zuuh
Hih bangin Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna:
1. Pilna in hauhna sangin hoihzaw hi. 2. Lolai-ah sing a heuh hi.
3. Akno a keuh hi.
4. Sakhi kii apo viuhveuh hi. 5. Teipimuk a zum ziuhzeuh hi. 6. Taang a po siuhseuh hi. 7. Nauno a dawng miuhmeuh hi. 8. A mel a hoih biuhbeuh hi. 9. A tawbo kising leuhleuh hi. 10. Tangteuh a zol mahmah hi.
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SINNA XVI
ia, ua, iah, uah, iak, uak, ial, ual, iam, uam, ian, uan,
Bia Bua Biah Buah Biak Buak Bial Bual Biam Buam Bian Buan Cia Cua Ciah Cuah Ciak Cuak Cial Cual Ciam Cuam Cian Cuan Dia Dua Diah Duah Diak Duak Dial Dual Diam Duam Dian Duan Gia Gua Giah Guah Giak Guak Gial Gual Giam Guam Gian Guan Hia Hua Hiah Huah Hiak Huak Hial Hual Hiam Huam Hian Huan Kia Kua Kiah Kuah Kiak Kuak Kial Kual Kiam Kuam Kian Kuan Lia Lua Liah Luah Liak Luak Lial Lual Liam Luam Lian Luan MiaMua Miah Muah Miak Muak Mial Mual Miam MuamMian Muan Nia Nua Niah Nuah Niak Nuak Nial Nual Niam Nuam Nian Nuan Pia Pua Piah Puah Piak Puak Pial Pual Piam Puam Pian Puan
Sia Sua Siah Suah Siak Suak Sial Sual Siam Suam Sian Suan
Tia Tua Tiah Tuah Tiak Tuak Tial Tual Tiam Tuam Tian Tuan
Via Vua Viah Vuah Viak Vuak Vial Vual Viam Vuam Vian Vuan Zia Zua Ziah Zuah Ziak Zuak Zial Zual Ziam Zuam Zian Zuan
Hih bangin Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna:
1. Ih pute ih pate in dawi a bia uh hi. 2. Eite in Pasian ih bia hi.
3. Gullu mualin eimau gamah a om hi. 4. Zogam a bual lian pen Rihli ahi hi. 5. Kapa in dolcial adawh hi.
6. Dial tawh a kinul hi. 7. Kamciam apelh kei hi.
8. Kawlgam ah inn lam nadingin gua kizang hi. 9. Sabawlpa in sasi buakhia hi.
10. Ngimnasang neite guaksuak ngeilo hi. 11. Ngia, a ngiansiam mahmah hi.
13. Phaipi khua a gamla mahmah hi. 14. Puanluisa puanthak tawh phop kei-in. 15. A innkuan un, a thobaih uh hi.
16. Zatep in, cidamna tawh kituak hetlo hi. 17. Pasian in, leivui pan mihing a bawl hi. 18. Biphuah a mal hi.
19. Ka nu-in, puan a sawp hi.
20. Gupna ih ngah nadingin, Pasian tungah ki-ap ni. 21. Munphiah a lei hi.
22. Puanbu in, thup a nei hi.
23. Kawlte in, naidial a khim uh hi.
24. Kikhal kidek na-in, Pasian deihna ahi hi. 25. Laito ah lai kikhia hi.
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SINNA XVII
iap, uap, iat, uat, iau, uau, iang, uang, iai, uai,
Biap Buap Biat Buat Biau Buau Biang Buang Biai Buai Ciap Cuap Ciat Cuat Ciau Cuau Ciang Cuang Ciai Cuai Diap Duap Diat Duat Diau Duau Diang Duang Diai Duai Giap Guap Giat Guat Giau Guau Giang Guang Giai Guai Hiap Huap Hiat Huat Hiau Huau Hiang Huang Hiai Huai Kiap Kuap Kiat Kuat Kiau Kuau Kiang Kuang Kiai Kuai Liap Luap Liat Luat Liau Luau Liang Luang Liai Luai Hih bangin M, N, P, S, T, V, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th te zong bawl suak in.
A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna: 1. Siam gatna ah, duap kizang hi. 2. Migilote a huahtuai hi.
3. Ciau in, India tawh gamgi ahi hi. 4. Zuauthu na gen kei-in.
5. Mikihisakte uangpau hi. 6. Hiangsing a suan hi. 7. Huang sungah an a cing hi. 8. Kuang tawh an a lui hi. 9. Zatep leng, tuap keu thei hi. 10. Luanglua, munphiah in kizang hi. 11. Liangzawl tungah innsun kinga hi. 12. Gunpiau ah sehnel a om hi. 13. Luai-ah nau a sial hi.
14. Theitek tungah zawngkhuh teek khat tu phiaiphuai hi. 15. Sual tungah cilsia thepthup buang kei ve.
16. Inntual songpi phungah ka pupi a tu phiuphiau hi. 17. Singkuang, tawh a kalh hi.
19. Pasian in lei leh van a piangsak hi. 20. Kala-oh in sehnel tembaw ahi hi. 21. Tulsawm ciangin, thenkhat ahi hi. 22. Munphiah tawh inn a phiat hi. 23. Khuaizu a khum mahmah hi. 24. Thuak zawhna-in, zawhna ahi hi.
25. Lauthawng loin, Pasian muang gige hi. 26. Sing limliap ah a tawlnga hi.
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SINNA XVIII I. LAIGUAL (SENTENCE) THU
Laigual (Sentence) ihcih in, kammal honkhat khiatna a nei dingin, gawmkhopna pan a, hong piangkhia laigual ahi hi.
Kammal honkhat hong kigawmkhop ciangin, khiatna cingtak a neih leh, laigual (sentence) kici hi.
1. Moh tuah in a hi va-ak. 2. Ka kah sang ah kei, hi. 3. Nu ka ka hi it.
A tung a laigualte in, khiatna cingtaak a nei hiam? Amaute in khiatna cingtaak neilo uhhi. Tu-in, a naui a laigualte simkik dihin.
1. Va-ak in moh a tuah hi. 2. Kei, sangah kakah hi. 3. Ka nu ka it hi.
Telgenna:
A tunga laigualte in, khiatna cingtaak, nei ahih manin, tua bang kammal kigawm khawmnate laigual (sentence) kici hi.
II. A SEMPA (SUBJECT) LEH A THU (PREDICATE)
eg. 1. Aung San in Kawlgam adingin a si hi. 2. Inn a hoih mahmah hi.
3. Huih a nung hi.
4. Sakol in, leng a kai hi.
Laigual khatna sungah, Aung San thu I gen hi. Laigual nihna ah, Inn thu I gen hi.
Laigual lina ah , Sakol thu I gen hi.
Mihing (ahihkeh) na khatpeuh thu I gen ciangin a mihing (ahihkeh) na-in, a sempa (subject) ahi hi. Tua ahih main a tunga laigualte sungah Aung San, Inn, Huih leh Sakol te in, a semkhiate (Subject) ahi uh hi.
A thu (Predicate)
Laigual khatna ah, “Aung San”, in Kawlgam a dinga, a sihna thu I gen hi.
Laigual nihna ah, “Inn” I hoihna thu I gen hi. Laigual thumna ah, “Huih” nunna thu leh
Laigual lina ah, “Sakol” leng kaihna thu I gen hi.
A tunga laigualte ah, a sem khiat ahi, Aung San, Inn, Huih, leh Sakol-te thu I gen hi. I gen Subject ii a thu, a hihna tek pen a thu (Predicate) ki ci hi.
A thu (Predicate) te:
1. ………..in Kawlgam a dingin, a si hi. 2. ………..a hoih mahmah hi.
3. ………..a nung hi. 4. ………..in leng a kai hi.
Tua ahih manin, laigual khat sungah khenpi nih pha hamtang ding a, tuate in A semkhia (subject) leh a thu (predicate) ahi uh hi.
THEIHSA A NGAIHSUT (AHIHKEH) NUSIAT ASEMPA
Gtn.
1. Hong tum ve; a cih nopna taktak in, Nang, hong tum ve: ahi hi.
2. Pusuak o; a cih nopna taktak in, Nang va pusuak in; ahi hi.
3. Tu ou; a cih nopna taktak in, Nang, natu in; ahi hi. 4. Ding vo; a cih nopna taktak in, Note, ding un; ahi hi. 5. Tai ou; a cih nopna taktak in; Nang, na tai-in (ou); ahi hi. 6. Kawlsin aw; a cih nopna taktak in, Nang, na khawl in,
ahi hi.
Telgenna:
Tua ahih manin, “Nang, hong tum ve,” “Note ding un,” ih cih nop ciangin, “Nang” “Note” cinawn se loin theihsa a ngaihsut (ahk) nusiat a sempa ahi hi.
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SINNA XIX MINTE (NOUN) Telgenna:
Mihing, ganhing, mun leh nate khempeuh kilawhna pen, Min (Noun) kici hi. (Naming works are called Noun)
Gtn
1. Pum Za Mang in Zogam uk pipa ahi hi. 2. Sai in ganhing lianpen ahi hi.
3. Tedim in, mangte omna khua ahi hi. 4. Tu tawh lo ka kho hi.
Laigual khatna ah, Pum Za Mang in, mihing min ahi hi. Laigual nihna ah, Sai-in, ganhing min ahi hi.
Laigual thumna ah, Tedim in, mun min ahi hi. Laigual lina ah, Tu in, na’min ahi hi.
Tua ahih manin, Pum Za Mang, Sai, Tedim, Tu-te in, Nate min (Noun) ahi hi.
Gtn.
Sing, Suang, Inn, Sial, Bawng, Thongip, Tutphah, Lungtan, adt.
MIN TUAMTUAMTE (KINDS OF NOUN)
Min (noun) namli-in kikhen thei hi. Tuate in:
1. Nehkhawm minte (Common nouns)
2. Neihtuam minte (Proper nouns)
3. Muhtheih, lawntheih loh nate minte (Abstract nouns) 4. Honlawh/Lomlawhna minte (Collective nouns)
1. Neihkhawm minte (Common nouns) Telgenna:
Mikhat, mun khat, na khat bek ii neih tangtuam min a hi lo, Mite, Munte, Nate, neihkhop min pen Neihkhawm minte (common
nouns) kici hi.
Gtn.
1. Ka gang a honghawh hi.
Hih laigual I et ciangin “gang” cih neihkhawm min I mu hi. Gang pen Ni a kici peuhmah pasal hi a, aituam min hilo hi. Hih cibang minte pen, Neihkhawm min (common nouns) kici hi. Gtn.
2. Utong a zempha mahmah hi.
Hih laigual I et ciangin, vasa nam khat hi a, ahih hangin, Utong khat ii min neihtuam hi loin, Utong khempeuh neihkhop min ahih manin Neihkhawm min (common nouns) kici hi.
Gtn.
3. Zato ah zatui kila hi.
Hih laigual ah “Zato” ahi mun min leh, “Zatui” ahi natemin I mu hi. Zato cih pen, Tedim Zato, Falam Zato cih bangin a tuamtuam min nei ahih manin, Neihkhawm min (common nouns) kici hi.
Tua ahih manin “Zatui” zong Ampicilin, Burmeton a kipan, a nam tuamtuam tampitak om hi. Ahih hangin “zatui” cihin a vekpi-a a kilawh khopna uh ahih manin Neihkhawm min (common nouns) kici hi.
NEIHKHOP MINTE
Mihing min Ganhing min Mun min Nate min
Pano, Papi Sakol Lo Khua
Pu, Pi Sahang Pakhuan Phim
Gang, Ni Humpi Ganhing Khawina Khedap
Sia, Sianu Bilpi Lampi Meileng
Kumpipa Vompi Tuikulh Sum
Siavuanpa Vakhu Phaitam Lupna
Naupang Tunpi Tualpi Ha
Siampipa Ngasa Innka Kawllukhu
Puankhuipa Kawlgit Bual Sikkeu
Galkappa Ak Mual Vanleng
2. Neihtuam minte (Proper nouns)
gtn.
1. Cingsen la a siam hi. 2. Tedim khua-ah ka teng hi. 3. Zogam sungah I teng hi.
4. Meitei gunin, Zogam’ gun lianpi ahi hi.
“Cingsen” I cih pen, la siamnu ahi, mi khat bek ii min ahi hi. Numei dangte tawh a neihkhop min hi lo hi. Tua ahih manin,
Neihtuam min (Proper nouns) kici hi.
Tua mah bangin “Tedim” khua zong, khua dangte tawh a neihkhop min hi lo hi. “Tedim” khua cih zong khua dang omlo a, khat vek om a hih manin Tedim pen Neihtuam min (Proer nuons) ahi hi.
Leitung bupah: “Zogam” min pua gamdang omlo ahih manin
Neihtuam min (Proper nouns)kici a, tua mah bangin “Meitei gun”
cih zong gun tampi a om hangin “Meitei” minpua gun dang omlo ahih manin, “Meitei gun” in, Neihtuam min (Proper nouns) kici hi.
Telgenna:
Mi khat, na khat, mun khat ii neih tuam min in, neih khoppih neilo ahih manin, Neihtuam min (Proper nouns) kici hi. Neihtuam min i gelh simin a kipatna pen, laimal gol (Capital letter) tawh kigelh den hi.
3. Lawnmawh minte (Abstract Nouns) Telgenna:
Mittawh kimu thei lo, ngaihsutna tawh a kithei thei ahi, mi khat peuh, na khat peuh ii ahihna, a sepna ahk. a thuakna tawh kisai-in, a kivawh min pen, Lawnmawh minte (Abstract nouns) kici hi. gtn.
cidamna, cinatna, hanta, hauhna, lungdamna, cihtakna, zawhna, hanna, lampi’na, thumanna, dikna, hiamgamna, teina, hansanna, kiphatsakna, ciimna, hoihna, citna, siamnate a kipan ahi hi.
1. Ka pu in, natna a nei hi.
2. Ka nu dikna in, genzawh lohin lian hi. 3. Cidamna in, a thupi pen ahi hi.
4. Mi khempeuh in, hansanna kisam hi.
Laigual khatna-ah “natna” in, muhtheih loh, i thuaktheih bek min ahih manin Lawnmawh minte (Abstract nouns) kici hi.
Laigual nihna leh lina a “dikna” leh “hansanna” in a kinei thei sep theihna Na hi a, i ngaihsut theih bek, mit a muhtheih loh na ahi hi.
Laigual thumna a “cidamna” in, a hihna (pianzia) taangin, a ding ahi hi. Hih in muhtheih loh a hih keh, lawnkhak theihloh na ahi hi. A kingaihsun thei bek na ahi hi. Tua ahih manin Lawnmawh minte
4. Honlawhna min (Collective nouns)
gtn.
1. Lampi ah mi honkhat pai muaimuai hi. 2. Tuu honkhat mual tungah a taa hi. 3. Galkap honkhat in thau a lam hi. 4. Tawhtang honkhat kamu hi. 5. Nahtang kaikhat ka sat hi.
6. Nahtang khilkhat ciatin ka hawm uh hi. 7. Leenggah bomkhat. 8. Vaimim bawkkhat. 9. Tang vuikhat. 10. Keu bawmkhat. 11. Khi guikhat. 12. Sing khawkkhat. 13. Ga buhkhat. 14. Khuai kaikhat. 15. Pak kualkhat.
Laigual masa sungah “lampi ah mi pai muaimuai hi,” cih i mu hi. Mi honkhat cinapi-in, pai muaimuai ci leuleu hi. Hih laigual i et ciangin, mi honkhat sungah mitampi kihel hi, cih i mu thei hi. Tua banga mimal tampite a kigawmkhawmte lawh nadinga, a kizang kammal khat pen Honlawhna min (Collective nouns) kici hi.
Telgenna: A tampi ahi “Mite, Nate,” gawmkhawm a khat bang a i
lawhkhopna kammal pen Honlawhna min (Collective nouns) te ahi hi.
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SINNA XX
GAMTATNA (ahk.) SEPNA (VERB) Telgenna :
Bang khat peuhpeuh a genkhia kammal in, Gamtatna (ahk.)
Sepna (Verb) ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, a gen khia kammal khempeuh pen, Sepna (verb) te ahi uh hi. (Doing words are called verb). gtn., pai, vak, tu, ding, ihmu, khanglo, adt...
GAMTATNA (ahk.) SEPNA (VERB) TUAMTUAMTE
Sepna (Verb) namthumin kikhen thei hi. Tuate in,
1. A thuak kisam sepna (Transitive verb) 2. A thuak kullo sepna (Intransitive verb)
3. A cingtak lo/a huh sepna (Incomplete verb or Helping
verb).
1. A thuak kisam sepna (Transitive verb) Telgenna:
Laigual khat ii a khiatna a picin theih nadingin, Objective khat ahi, a thuakpa (object) a kisam hamtang sepna khat peuhpeuh pen, A thuak kisam gamtatna (ahk.) sepna (Transitive verb) ahi hi. gtn:
A. 1. Bawng in, lopa a ne hi.
2. Lianpi in, kong a khak hi. 3. Puankhuipa in, puan a khui hi. 4. Mangpu in, Khampi a tuum hi. B. 1. Bawng in a ne hi.
2. Lianpi in a khak hi. 3. Puankhuipa in a khui hi. 4. Mangpu in a tuum hi.
B. sunga i laigualte enleng, a khiatna kidawk zolo hi. A khiatna a kidawk theih nadingin, Bawng in bang ne a, Lianpi in, bang khak a, Puankhuipa in, bang khui a, Mangpu in, kua tuum hiam cih, i theih kul hi.
Tuate i theih matengin, laigual ii a khiatna, kidawk zo lo, kithei tel zolo hi.
A sunga laigualte enleng, bawng in, bang ne a, Lianpi in, bang khak a, Puankhuipa in, bang khui a, Mangpu in, kua tuum hiam cihte hong telgen hi. Thudang khat in genni cileng, laigual in, khiatna cingtak hong neihtheih nadingin, sepnate ahi, “ne, khak, khui, tuum,” cihte tungah, kammal phawlkhat kibehlap hi. Tua a kibehlap kammalte pen, A thuakpa (object) kici hi.
Bawng in, bang ne ahi hiam? Lopa. Hih kammal “Lopa” pen sepna ahi “ne” a picin theih nadingin, A thuakna (object) ahi hi.
Lianpi in, bang khak ahi hiam? Kong. Hih kammal “kong” pen sepna ahi “khak” ii a deihna a picin theih na dingin, A thuakpa (object) ahi hi.
Puankhuipa in, bang khui ahi hiam? Puan. Hih kammal “Puan” pen sepna (verb) ahi “khui” ii a khiatna a picin theih nadingin, A thuakpa
(object) ahi hi.
mangpu in, kua tuum hiam? Khampi. Hih kammal “Khampi” in sepna (verb) ahi “tuum” ii a khiatna a picin theih nadingin, A thuakpa
(object) ahi hi.
2. A thuak kullo sepna (Intransitive verb) Telgenna:
Laigual khat ii a khiatna a picin theih nading, a thuak a kisam tuanlo, a mahmah in, khiatna picing a nei thei sepna pen, A thuak kullo
sepna (Intransitive verb ) kci hi.
gtn.
1. Thangpu a tai hi.
2. Dimno a laam hi. 3. Mei a kuang hi. 4. Vasate aleeng hi. 5. Mangno a kap hi. 6. Ui a haam hi. 7. Ni a taang hi.
Laigual khatna ah, “tai” kammal in Thangpu thu a genna ahi hi. Tua mah bangin, a dang laigualte ah zong, “laam” in Dimno thu, “kuang” in mei thu, “leeng” in vasa thu, “kap” in Mangno thu, “haam” in ui thu, “taang” in ni thu a genciat ahi uh hi.
Ahi zongin, hih laigualte sunga om, sepnate in khiatna picing a neih na dingin a thuak kisam tuanlo hi. Amaute in, amau mahmah in khiatna picing neihkhin uh hi. Hih cibang sepna-te pen, Athuak kullo
sepna (Intransitive verb) kici hi.
3. A cingtaklo/ ahuh sepna (Incomplete verb) Telgenna:
A thu (Predicate) cingtak i bawl nadinga, a kisam kammal pen sepna a dinga Ki-cinsakna (Com;lement) ahi hi.
gtn.
nuamhuai, dahhuai, ithuai, belhhuai, muhdahhuai, uthuai, duhhuai, theihhuai, sathuai, belhtaak, septaak, kawmtaak, ettaak, huhtaak, deihtham, ngaihtham, huhtham, piaktham, minsiatham, adt...
1. Puttekpa a ta Siapa a hehsuak hi. 4. Naupangte cidam hi. Naupangte cidammel
uh hi.
Laigual khatna a “Puteekpa a tawl hi,” i cih ciangin a khiatna kitel khinta hi. Ahi zongin “Puteekpa a tawltuak hi,” cihtoh leuleu ciangin, tawlmaw tawllo cih theilo pi-in, upmawh thu gen ihi hi.
Hih laigual nihte gel i et ciangin, a nih in khiatna cingtak neituak uh hi. Laigual nihna sung panin kammal, “tawl” lakhia hileng, “Puteekpa
a ... tuak hi,” hong hi a, khiatna neithei vetlo hi. “Tuak” kammal pen,” “sangtuak,” “singkung tungpan tuak,” “tui sungah tuak,” cih te nam hi loin, upmawh thu genna ahi hi. “Hih tuak” “tua cihtuak mah e” cihte genna ahi hi. Hih kammal “tuak” a picin theih nadingin, “tawl” cih kammal a kibehlap ciangin, “tawltuak” hong hi a, khiatna hong picing ta hi. Tua banga a mah kia a, a picing theilo kammal pen A cinglo sepna (Incomplete verb) kici hi. Kammal dang khat tawh i gawmna hangin, khiatna cingtak a suaksak kammal pen, Kicinsakna (Complement) ki ci hi.
Laigual nihna ah, “Cingsan a lungdam hi,” i cih ciangin a khiatna ki cingkhin ahih hangin, “Cingsan a ....tuak hi,” i cih ciangin khiatna hong nei zolo hi. Tua bangmahin laigual thumna leh lina ah zong, “Siapa a ...suak hi.,” leh “Naupangte ...mel hi,” i cih ciangin a khiatna kidawk zolo hi. A khiatna a kidawk zawh nadingin, “lungdam, heh, cidam,” cih kammalte i gawmbeh dimdiam ciang bekin, khiatna cingtak hong nei zo pan bek hi. Tua ahih manin sepnate in, khiatna cingtak a neih nading a i gawm kammalte a hi, “tuak, suak, mel” te in, sepna adingin,
Kicin’sakna (Complement) ahi hi.
Phawkding:
Hih lai munah Mikangte Complement tawh kibang kimlo hi. Mikangte-a in “am, si , are, was, were,”ahi verb to be or helping verbte taang ding kammal i tuam neih kei hi.
Genbehna (Further explanation)
A 1. Bawng in, lopa (gampa) a ne hi. 2. Lianpi in, kong a khak hi. 3. Mei a kuang hi.
4. Mangpu in, Khampi a tuum hi.
B 1. Thangpu a taai hi. 2. Dimno a laam hi. 3. Mei a kuang hi. 4. Vasate a leeng uh hi.
C 1. Mangno in, naupang khat ahi hi. 2. Hih laibu in, kei a ahi hi.
3. Manno in, ka tanu ahi hi.
4. Khamtung gamin, Zomite tenna ahi hi.
A. Sunga liagual masa pen Mikanglai in gelh ni cileng, “The cow
eats grass,” ahi hi. A Mikanglai bang lianin khiani cileng, “Bawng in lopa ne,? cih ziau ding ahi hi. A hi zongin tua bang tawh ei pau in, a khiatna ki cingtak zolo ahih manin, “Bawng in, lopa a ne hi”, ci-in sepna ahi “ne” mai-ah “a” behlap in, a nungah “hi” i behlap hi.
B. Sung a laigual masa pen, Mikanglai in gelh leng, “Thangpu
runs”, ahi hi. A Mikanglai bang lianin ei pau in khia ni cileng, “Thangpu taai” cih ziau ding ahi hi. Ahi zongin, tua bang ziau tawh eipau in, a khiatna kicing zolo ahih manin, “Thangpu a taai hi”, ci-in sepna ahi “taai” mai-ah “a” leh a nungah “hi” i behlap hi.
C. Sunga laigual masa pen Mikangpau in gelh leng, “Manno is a
child”, ahi hi. A Mikanglai bang lian in, eipau in khialeng, “Manno in naupang khat”, cih ziau ding hi a, a khiatna kicing zolo hi. Tua ahih manin, “Manno in, naupangkhat ahi hi.” ci-in Neihkhop min (Common noun) ahi “naupang” nungah “ahi hi” cih kammal thum i behlap hi.
A tung a laigualte i et ciangin, “a....hi, ahi hi”, cih kammalte pen, laigual khat i bawl simin, a kisapna bangin behlap loh a phamawh kammalte ahi uh hi. A zatdan ding tawh kisai-in, hong pailai ding sinnate ah, a telzaw in i kikum ding hi.
GAMTATNA (VERB) GELHZIA
A. Gamtat hun a lak kammalte a nuai a bangin kigelh ding hi.
1. Gamtatna: Gamtatna lak kammalte tangdin ding hi. gtn. ciah ding, et saw, pai ning, adt..
2. Gamtatna: Gamtat laitak (Gamtattatna) alak kammalte
kimat den ding hi.
gtn. paupau, nuinui, mawlmawl, taitai, nene, dawndawn, adt. 3. Gamtatsa: Gamtatsa lak kammalte tangdin ding hi.
gtn. lum khin, man zo, pai ta, adt.
4. Gamtatsa zemthuah: Gamtatsa zemthuah kammalte leh, gamtatsa lak kammalte kimat ding hi.
gtn. lum khinzo, lum khinta, lum khinzota, adt.
B. Gamtatna huh kammalte adangte tawh kihal ding hi.
gtn. Kei hong pai ning. Na ci dam ta hen.
C. Gamtatna khat pen, a khiatna kicing zaw dinga, kammal dang khat
tawh a kibehlap ciangin, tua kammal tegel kimat ding hi. gtn. gamtatna + gamtatzem: balkek, kahto, phelkhap, tawisang, adt. SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SINNA XXI PIANZIA KAMMALTE (KINDS OF ADJECTIVES) Telgenna:
Bang khat peuhpeuh ii, “Pianzia” a kilang telsak kammalte in, Pianzia kammalte (Adjectives) ahi hi.
gtn. hoih, san, sau, gol, khempeuh, telge, ciacia, zahzah, peuhmah, dikdek, hi zahzah, bangbang, vekpi, adt. gtn. 1. A mah in, inn hoih khat a nei hi.
2. Mi sangpa en dih ve.
3. A mah in, bawng thau khat a nei hi.
Laigual khatna sunga, “hoih” a cih kammal in, bang ci inn hiam cih hong telgen hi. Hoih kammal omta keileh zong, “Amah in inn khat a nei hi”, ciziau lelleng, khiatna cingtak nei khinzo hi. Ahi zongin tua inn pen hoih maw, hoihlo, luimaw, thak cihte a hong telgen ciangin, tua hoih kammal pen Pianzia (Adjectives) kici hi.
Tua mah bangin laigual nihna leh thumna sunga “sang” leh “thau” in zong, Mipa leh Bawng ii, pianzia hong kilang telsak hi. Tua “sang” leh “thau” kammal hangin, mipa in “Mi sangpa”, bawng in, “Bawng thau” a pianzia hong kilang ciansak ahih manin, “sang leh thau” te in, Pianzia kammalte (Adjectives) kici hi.
Pianzia Namte
Hihna kilangsak i cih nam guk a om hi. Tuate in: 1. Phacia lak pianzia (Quality) 2. Phazah lak pianzia (Quality) 3. Amalzah lak pianzia (Number)
4. Lahkhiatna lak pianzia (Demonstrative) 5. Dotna lak pianzia (Interrogative)
6. Neihna lak pianzia (Possessive)
1. Phacia lak pianzia (Adjective of quality) Telgenna:
Hih phacia lak pianzia in, “A bangci bang” ahk. “A bangci nam” dotnate dawng hi.
gtn. 1. Pauno in, a dik pasalno khat ahi hi. 2. Amah in, a hau mipa ahi hi.
3. Bawng in, a ki zangthei ganhing ahi hi.
Laigual khatna ah, “dik” acih kammal in, Pauno pen, a bangci pasalno khat hiam cih, hong kilangsak hi. Tua mah bangin, “hau” cih kammal in, mipa bangci mi hiam cih, hong kilangsak a, laigual thumna sunga “ki zangthei” cih kammal in, bawng pen, a bangci ganhing cih, hong kilangsak hi. gtn. hoih, hang, manlah, hat, lauhuai, hai, hau, khum, al, thuk, lui, thak, lum, vot, sau, tom, gol, neu, gawng, thau, adt.
2. Phazah lak pianzia (Adjective of quantity) Telgenna;
Hih apahzah lak pianzia in “Bangzah” (amalzah lian a ki tello)aphazah cih dotna dawng hi.
gtn. 1. Amaute lak-ah pawlkhat in an a ne hi. 2. Lia (She) in, sum tampi a nei hi. 3. Tuibel sungah, tui tawmkha a om hi. 4. Taang (He) in, an tawmkha beek nelo hi. 5. Taang in, a kicing laibu nei hi.
A tung a kammalte “pawlkhat” tampi, tawmkha, beek, leh a kicing te-in, “bangzah” cih hong gen ahih manin,
Aphazah lak pianzia (Adjective of quantity) te ahi uh hi.
3. Amalzah lak pianzia (Adjectives of number) Telgenna:
Hih amalzah lak pianzia in, “Bang zah” (aphzah a kitel linliante) cih dotnate dawng hi.
gtn. 1. Tang in, khutme nga a nei hi. 2. Ciinno in, pak tampi a nei hi. 3. Mi tawmkha in, pawi en uh hi. 4. Lia in, kum sawmnih a pha hi. 5. Maimom in khe giat a nei hi.
A tunga kammal, “nga, tampi, tawmkha, sawmnih, giat” te-in bangzah cih hong gen a, aphazah lian gen keimah le zong, a kisim thei malzah nei ahih manin, a malzah lak pianzia (Adjective of number) te ahi uh hi.
4. Lahkhiatna lak pianzia (Demonstrative adjective) Telgenna:
Hih lahkhiatna lak pianzia in, “A kawkkhia hihnate” hi a, “Koi” cih dotna dawng hi.
gtn. 1. Hih tangvalpa in, a thahat hi. 2. Hua lia in, a melhoih hi. 3. Hih haaite khum hi.
4. Tua bang nate ka mudah hi.
A tunga kammal “hua, huate, hih, hihte, tua, tuate” in, “Koi” cih dotna dawng uh a, “a koipen, a koinu, a koihaai, a koinate”, kawk dimdiam uh ahih manin, Lahkhiatna lak
pianzia (Demonstrative adjective) kici hi.
5. Dotna lak pianzia (Interrogative adjective)
gtn. 1. Mangno in, a bangci mi ahi hiam? 2. Nang inn koi pen hiam?
Telgenna:
Hih a tunga laigualte sunga pianzia lak te ahi” a bangci, koipen, kua a”, cihte in, dotna vive ahi uh hi. Tua bang kammalte pen, Dotna lak pianzia (Interrogative adjective) kici hi.
gtn. 1. Koi pen, nang singkuang a hia? 2. Kua in, suanglai kitamsak a hia? 3. Bang laibu teng sim khinta na hia? 4. Koi lampi pen, Laito paina a hia? 5. Nasam bangmel a hia?
6. Neihna Lak pianzia (Possessive adjectives)
gtn. 1. Hih in, ka laibu ahi hi. 2. Hua in, i sanginn ahi hi. 3. Hua in, na sakol ahi hi.
4. Amah (Taang) laibu in, singkuang sungah om hi. 5. Lia’ laibu in, singkuang sungah om hi.
6. Amau’ laikung te amaukhut sungah om hi.
Telgenna:
A tunga laigualte ah, neihsa genna ahi, “ka, i, na, ama, taang’, lia’, amau’”, cih kammalte pen, Minte (noun) maita-ah kizang hi. Tua bang neihsa genna kammalte pen, Neihna
lak pianzia (Possessive adjective) kici hi.
Tua bang laigual sunga, asemkhia (subject) a omkhit nak leh neihsa lak hihna (possesive adjective) bawlna dingin “a” leh “a....uh” zatna tawh zong kibawl thei lai hi.
gtn. 1. Lia in, a sumbawm mansuah hi.
2. Numeino in, a bumbua/bumgua/tengtate limtakin kem hi.
3. Pasal note’n, a tukpeng uh mansuah uh hi. 4. Naupang note in, a khedapte uh mansuah uh hi.
PIANZIA (ADJECTIVE) GELHZIA
(a) Nakhat peuhpeuh pianzia alak kammal in, awmal khat aneih leh, tangdin dinga, awmal nih aneih leh kimat ding hi. gtn. Vasa vom khat ka mu hi.
Thu lamdang a om hiam?
Tumul puan khat hong leisak in.
(b) Pianzia a zemthuah kammalte kimat ding hi. gtn. bem - bem velval, pak - pak siset
vom - vom bekbak, zum - zum ziuhzeuh gial - gial bialbual, sia - sia nepnap (c) Pianzia tehpih kammalte kimat ding hi. gtn. baih - baihzaw - baihpen - baihpenpen
hau - hauzaw - haupen - haupenpen hoih - hoihzaw - hoihpen - hoihpenpen
Theihding:
‘zawlai’ pen khiatna dang nei a ih zat leh, tangdin ding hi.
gtn. A gitloh bang loin, meidawi zawlai e. SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS
SINNA XXII
TEL GEH/ TELKHEH KAMMALTE (ARTICLES) (khat, Tua ... pen, Tuain)
gtn. 1. Apple in singgah ahi hi. ... (khial) Apple in singgah khat ahi hi. ... (man) 2. Kawllukhu in kimanna nei na ahi hi... (khial)
Kawllukhu in kimanna nei na khat ahi hi. ... (man) 3. Pa Thang in vanzuakpa ahi hi. ... (khial)
Pa Thang in vanzuakpa khat ahi hi. ... (man) Laigual masa sungah “Apple in singgah ahi hi”, cih ciangin (Gram mar) Paunam khenna, paizia phatak in ngaihsun kei leng adik, aman kisa kha thei hi. Aman taktak cini cileng, “Apple in, singgah khat ahi hi”, cih ding ahi hi. Banghang hiam cih leh, Apple i cih in, singgah nam tampite lakah nam khat in a kihel hi bek a, Apple bek in singgah hi lo ahih manin,
“Khat” cih kammal i hel hamtang ding a kul hi.
Tua mah bangin, Kawllukhu in zong, kimanna, a nei na tampite lak ah khat hi a, a mah bek a om hi lo hi. Tua ahih manin, “khat” cih kammal ih hel hamtang kul hi.
Pa Thang in zong vanzuak mi tampite lakah, khat ahih manin, “Pa Thang in, vanzuak khat ahi hi”, cih hamtang ding ahi hi.
gtn.
Mawtaw car khat Siksakol khat Pekkhat lai dalkhat Ganhing khat Lengmaw pumkhat Aktui tangkhat Laitui bungkhat Mi citak khat Mikang mikhat Sikkeu khat ....adt. “Khat” i cih in, kawklian nei-lo a, tampi laka, khat peuh a gen ahih main, Telkheh nei-lo kammal (Indefinite Article) kici hi.
Ahi zongin “tua .... pen leh, tua in” cih kammal te i zat ciangin,
Mipa ahk. Na khatpeuh thu a gen i hi a, a dangle a gen i hi kei hi. “Tua ………… pen leh, tua…….in” te in, kawklian nei ahih manin Telkheh nei kammal (Definite article) kici hi.
gtn.
Kumpipa in, sakol khat tawh khual a zin hi. Tua sakol pen, a kaang ahi hi. Tua sakol in kumpipa a ahi hi. Tua sakol in kumpipa a thei hi.Hih a tunga laigualte i kantel ciangin, laigual masa sungah “sakol khat” ci-in kigelh hi. Hih pen, gen kholhsa ahk. theih kholhsa sakol khat thu a gen hilo ahih manin, “sakol khat” ci-in a kigelh ahi hi.
Laigual nihna ah, “Tua sakol pen” ci a, a kigelhna in, laigual khatna sunga, a gensa sakol khat thu a gen ahih manin, “sakol khat” cihkik kulnawn loin, “tua sakol pen” kici to hi. Tuamah bangin, laigual thumna-ah, “tua sakol in” na ci leuleu hi. Hih in, laigual khatna a, “Sakol khat” a cih, a kawkkik ahih manin, “Tua sakol in”, cih kaltang a kul ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, hih banga gen khitsa a kawkkik ahk. kawktuam ahk- tel khitsa thu khat peuh a kigen ciangin, Telkheh nei kammalte (Definite article) ahi, “Tua .... pen, Tua in”, cih kammalte kizang hi.
Mikangte in Indefinite article “a, an,” nih nanei uh a, difinite article “the” khat na nei uh hi. Ei Zomiten ahih leh, Indefinite article khat bek i nei a, tua in “Khat” hi-in, Definite articles pen nih i nei a, tua in, “Tua .... pen, leh, Tua…….in” cih te a hi uh hi.’
Tua ahih manin, Zolai sungah article mal thum om a, tua te in “Khat, Tua .... pen, leh Tua .... in” ahi uh hi.
Ciapteh ding: Neihtuam min (Proper Noun) te ahi, “Paupu, Tedim, Cingno adt.”, te i gen simin, Article-te ahi, “Khat, Tua ... pen, leh Tua .... in”, cihte zat ding ahi kei hi. Banghang hiam cih leh tuate pen neihtuam minte hi a, kuamah dangtawh neihkhop hilo ahi manin, Article-te zattuam kul nawn lo hi.
SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS
SINNA XXIII
SEPZIA KAMMAL (ADVERBS) Telgenna:
Sepzia lak kammal (Adverb) i cih in, sepna khat peuhpeuh, bang cibang ahk. bang hun ahk. koi mun ah kisem” cih a thukzaw a, a gensawn kammal ahi hi.
SEPZIA NAMTE (KINDS OF ADVERBS)
1.Sepzia lak kammal (Adverbs of Manner) 2.Sepzia hun lak kammal (Adverbs of Time) 3.Sepzia mun lak kammal (Adverbs of Place)
4.Sepzia tehna kammalte ahi uh hi. (Adverbs of Degree)
1. Sepzia lak kammal
gtn. 1. Putek khat, damtakinn a pai hi. 2. Lia in, ngaih/ngeih takin la a sa hi. 3. Sakol, manlang takin a tai hi.
4. Naupangte lungdam takin kimawl uh hi.
Atunga laigualte i et ciangin Sepzia lak kammal (Adverbs) te in bang cibangin sepna kinei cih, hong lak uh hi.
Putek khat, bang cibangin pai hiam? Dam takin. Lia in, bang cibangin la sa hiam? Ngaih takin Sakol, bang cibangin tai hiam? Manlang takin
Naupangte, bang cibangin, kimawl uh hiam? Lungdam takin
Telgenna: Sepna khat peuhpeuh a sepzia a hong lak kammal pen Sepzia lak kammal (Adverbs of Manner) kici hi.
Note: Sepzia a lak kammal te in, “bang ci bangin” cih dotnate dawng hi. gtn. thithe, themthum, kikkik, denden, pahpah, samsam, duaiduai, peuhpeuh, lumsuk, kahto, paiphei, khaukhau, tautau, peuhmah, dektak, ngitnget, adt.
2. Sepzia hun lak kammalte
gtn. 1. Mungno, zanin hong pai hi. 2. Taang, hong paibaih ding hi. 3. Lia hong ciahhak hi.
4. Zing ciangin, Lia kiangah, laikhak khat ka gelh ding hi. Atunga laigualte sunga Sepzia lak kammal (Adverb) to i et ciangin, sepna bang hunin kibawl hiam cih, hong lak hi.
- Bang hunin, Mungno hong pai hiam? zan - Bang hun ciangin, Taang hong pai ding hiam? baih - Bang hun in, Lia hong ciah hiam? hak - Bang hun ciangin, Lia kiangah laikhak ding hiam?
zingciang
Telgenna:
Sepna khat peuhpeuh a kisep hun hong lakkhia kammal pen, Sepzia hun kammal te (Adverbs of time) kici hi.
Note: Sephun a lak kammalte in, “bang hunin ahk. bang hun ciangin
(cik ciang)” dotna dawng hi.
3. Sepzia mun alak kammal te
gtn. 1. Eite in, i ento hi.
2. Laibu in, sabuai tungah a om hi. 3. Taang, hih lai-ah teeng hi.
4. Ka nu, inndei tungnungah kahto hi.
Atunga laigualte sunga, sepzia lak kammal (Adverb) te i et ciangin, sepna koi lai-ah kibawl cih, hong lak hi.
Eite in, koi lam i en hiam? to
Laibu in, koi laitakah a om hiam? tung Taang, koi ah teeng a hi hiam? hihlai
Telgenna:
“to, tung, hihlai, leh dei tungnung,” kammalte in, sepnate (verbs) ahi, “en, om, teeng, pai:” cihte khiatna a thukzawk nadingin, behlap hi. Hih kammalte in, sepna tawh kisai-in, koilai-ah kisem hiam, cih a mun, hong lak hi. Hih bang kammalte pen, Sepzia mun alak
kammalte (Ad-verbs of Place) kici hi.
Note: Sepzia mun alak kammalte in, koi laitak, koi-ah, cih dotnate dawng hi.
4. Sepzia tehna lak kammalte
gtn. 1. Hih pak, a hoih mahmah hi. 2. Hih lengmawte, min dektak hi. 3. Lia in, damtakin, pau hiathiat hi.
4. Topa in, a silapa manmanin, bawlsia geihgeih hi.
“Mahma” kammal pen pianzia lak kammal (Adjective)ahi, “hoih” tawh kizang khawmin, pak in bang zahta a hoih a hihna a nasiat zia, hong gen ahi hi.
“Dektak” kammal pen pianzia lak kammal (Adjective) ahi, “min” tawh kizang khawmin, lengmawte bang ciangdong min cih hong gen hi.
“Hiathiat” kammal pen pianzia lak kammal (Adjective)ahi, “dam takin” tawh kizang khawmin, bangci bangin, Lia in, thugen cih, hong gen hi.
“Geihgeih” kammal pen, Sepzia lak kammal (Adverbs) ahi, “manman” tawh kizang khawmin, topa in, silapa manmanin bangci bawl hiam cih hong gen hi.
Telgenna:
Tua ahih manin, “mahmah, dektak, hiathiat”, …adt. Te in, bangzah cianga, a nasiatna a lak, kammal a hih manin Spezia tehna
lak kammal (Adverbs of Degree) kici hi.
SEPZIA (ADVERB) GELHZIA
Gamtatna khat peuhpeuh pianzia laka, athu azem pen, sepzia lak, gamtatnazem kici hi. Sepzia kammal awmal nih, awmal thum aphak leh, kimat ding hi.
(a) Gamtathunzem gelhzia:
gtn.
Na thawh ma (madiak) in hong kikan hi. An hong thuk lai (lailai) ve.
Hong tung baih (baihdeuh) in.
(b) Gamtatziazem gelhzia:
gtn
Taangtel sikkha-in diang sia hi. Guahzu zuahzuah hi.
Amah nuamin nui kauhkauh hi.
Gamtatnazem gelhzia pawlkhat
Pahpah hiathiat beubau hiaihuai
Suasua gige seusau heihai
Zualzual diaiduai ngeungau piangpuang Khiankhian miaimuai teutau pheiphai
SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS
SINNA XXIV
MINTAANG (PRONOUN) Telgenna:
Minte taanga kizang kammal khat peuhpeuh pen, “Mintaang” (Pronoun) kici hi.
gtn.
Thangpu, Cingno, ama, amah, amahmah, nangma, keimah, amau mahmah, adt.
Mintaang namte (kinds of Pronouns)
Mintaang nam nga a om hi. Tua te in:
1. Mimal Mintaang (Personal Pronoun) 2. Lahkhiatna Mintaang (Demnostratvie Pronoun) 3. Tungtukik Mintaang (Reflexive Pronoun) 4. Dottelna Mintaang (Interrogative Pronoun) 5. Neihna Mintaang (Possessive Pronoun)
1. Mimal Mintaang (Personal Pronoun)
Gtn.
1. Langboih in, zu a dawn ngeikei hi. Amah in, zu duhlo hi. 2. Niangno in, nungak hoih khat ahi hi. Amah in, lai a pil hi.
Telgenna:
Atunga laigualte I et ciangin, “Langboih” tangin, “Amal, ahk. Taang” I zang hi. “Niangno” tangin, “Amah ahk. Lia” I zang hi Neihtuam min ahi” Langboih leh Niangno” tangin, “Taang”, Lia” ahk “Amah” kizang hi. Tua ahih manin, hih cibang kammalte Mimal
minting (Personal Pronoun) kici hi.
Mikanglai sungah, “He ahk. She” cih kammal I muh ciangin, “He” in pasal khat tang, “She” in numei khat tang ahih lam lunghian om loin, i tel sinsen hi. Zopau ah, numei leh pasal khenna kammal zatlian nei lo I hih manin, “He ahk. She” tang dingin, “Amah” cih kammal i zang hi. Ih pu I pate in numei, pasal khenna kammal na nei gige uh hinapi-in, Zolai (Literature) kician takin, i neih ngeiloh manin, numei leh pasal khenna a nei lo peuh, i suak hi. “He ahk. She” tangin, telmunmel om lo “Amah” cih peuh i zatden sangin, “He” munah “Taang” (Tg) leh “She” munah “Lia” i zang hi. Hih pen tuhun khangthak te’n I muhtawm I phuahtawm hilo a, i pu i pate hun lai peka, la a, a na saksak uh ahi hi.
A
1. Kei in nisim sang kakah hi.
2. Lunno in, laikung khat kei hong pia hi. 3. Eite in, laitan/a khan kibang i hi hi. 4. Siapa in, eite hong pakta hi.
B
1. Nang, mipil khat na hi hi.
2. Nang, nong zekai loh nading kong gen zo uh hi. 3. Zanin, note koi-ah om na hi vua?
C
1. Taang in, a hang pasal no khat ahi hi. 2. Amah, hua takah a pailoh nang’ gen in.
3. Lia in, lasak a siam hi.
4. La khat a sak nadingin, lia tungah gen in. 5. Amaute in, a dik pasal note ahi uh hi.
6. Nasep a hahkat nadingun, amau tungah gen uh hi.
7. Hih lai-ah laibu khat a om hi. Tua sungah, lim tampi kisuai hi. Atunga laigualte sungah, “Mintaang” (Pronouns) te in, mihingte ahk. nate taangin, ding uh ahih manin, tua bang kammalte pen, “Mimal mintaang” (Personal Pronouns) kici hi.
Mimal mintaang namte (Kinds of Personal Pronouns)
Mimal mintaang namte Personal Pronoun te pen khen thum in kikhen thei hi. Tuate in:
1. Mi masa (First Person)
2. Mi nihna (Second Person)
3. Mi thumna (Third Person) ahi uh hi.
MIMAL MINTAANG (PERSONAL PRONOUNS)
MI ZOLAI MIKANGLAI
Mi khatna Kei I, Me, We, Us
(Fisrt Person) Eite, Ko (Kote)
Mi nihna Nang You, Thou, Thee
(Second Person) No (Note)
Mi thumna Tang, Lia, He, She
(Third Person) Amaute, Amah Him, Her Tuanu, Tuapa They, Them, It. A tunga khawk sungate (Column) i et ciangin, Zolai leh Mikanglai kibat lohna i mu ding hi. Mikanglai ah, a sempa (Subject) ahi, “I, We, You, They, He, She, It”-te in thuakna mun (Object) ah hong om
ciangin, “me, us, you, them, him, her, it,” cih bangin, hong kilaih hi. A hi zongin, Zolai sungah, a sempa (Subject) leh a thuakpa (Object) pen a kibangin nei-in, a dang kammal i neituam tuan kei hi. Zatdan tungtawnin, a deihna ki telthei veve hi.
Note: Mintaang (Pronouns) te tawh kisai-in, i telsiam ding a thupi
mahmah pawlkhat a om hi.
Mikangte in pasal a gennop ciangin “He” numei a gennop ciangin “She” ci-in kitel linlian hi. Zomite in ahih leh tuni ciang dong, lai (Literature) kician takin nei zonai loin, Paunam Khenna kiciantakin, bawlngei nailo i hih manin, “He” leh “She” munah “Amah” cih vive in kigen hi. A taktak in, cini cileng, “He” taang dingin, “Taang” hi a, “She” taang dingin “Lia” ahi hi. “Amah” ci a, a kitelcian lopi khat zat ding hi loin, “Lia leh Taang”, a munmun ah zat ding ahi hi.
Mi thumna (Third Person) sunga, Mikangte in, “It” a cih uh pen tuni ciang dongin, laitei pawlkhatte in “Tua” ci-in zang tawntung uh hi. A taktak in, “Tua” cih pen, “Lah khiatna” (Demonstration) hi a, “It” cih mun a, zatding ahi kei hi. “It” mun ah, ei Zopau a dingin, Zolai sungah, “Amah” ci a zat ding ahih lam phawk gige ni.
2. Lahkhiatna mintaang (Demonstrative Pronoun)
gtn. 1. Hih in, laibu khat ahi hi. 2. Hihte in, laibute ahi uh hi. 3. Hua in, mutpuak khat ahi hi. 4. Huate in, khedapte ahi uh hi.
Telgenna:
Atunga laigualte i et ciangin, A thuakpa (Object) ahk. A thuakte (Objects) ahi laibu, laibute, mutpuak, khedapte pen, hihte, huate in kawkin, lak ahih manin, Lahkhiatna mintaang (Demonstrative
Phawk ding: Lahkhiatna mintaang (Demonstrative Pronoun) leh
Lahkhiatna pianzia (Demonstrative Adj ective)-te
1. Hih in, laibu khat ahi hi. (Dem. Pro.) Hih laibu, hoih mahmah hi. (Dem. Adj.) 2. Hua in, laikung khat ahi hi. (Dem. Pro.) Hua laikungin, a vom. hi. (Dem. AdJ -) 3. Hihte in, milimte ahi uh hi. (Dem. Pro.)
Hih milimte in, mel tuamtuam a nei uh hi. (Dem. Adj.) 4. Hua te in, khedapte ahi uh hi. (Dem. Pro.) Hua khedapte in, a lui ahi uh hi. (Dem. Adj.)
3. Tungtukik mintaang (Reflexive Pronoun)
gtn. 1. Kei in, kei mahmah ka kiliamsuah hi. 2. Nang in, nang mahmah na kiliamsuah hi.
3. Taang in, (taang) a mah leh amah a kiliamsuah hi. 4. Lia in, (lia) a mahmah a kiliamsuah hi.
5. Sakol in, a mahmah a kiliamsuah hi. 6. Eite in, eimau mahmah i kiliamsuah uh hi. 7. Note in, nomau mahmah na kiliamsuah uh hi. 8. Amaute in amau mahmah kiliamsuah uh hi. Hih a tunga laigualte i et ciangin, a nuaia bangin kimu thei hi.
1. Kei in, kua liamsuah ka hi hiam? kei mahmah 2. Nang in, kua liamsuah nahi hiam? nang mahmah 3. Taang in, kua liamsuah ahi hiam? (taang) a mahmah 4. Lia in, kua liamsuah ahi hiam? (lia) a mahmah 5. Sakol in, kua liamsuah ahi hiam? a mahmah 6. Eite in, kua liamsuah i hi hiam? Eimau mah 7. Note in, kua liamsuah na hi uh hiam? nomau mah
Telgenna:
A tunga laigualte khat khat in enleng, a semkhiapa in, a thuak khapa mah na hi a, A thuakpa (Object) ahi, “mi ahk, na” mah kawkkik
hi. Hih cibang kammalte pen, “tungtukik mintaang” (Reflexive Pronouns) kici hi.
4. Dotna mintaang (Interrogative Pronouns)
gtn. 1. Hua lai-ah kua om a hia? 2. Nang kua na hia?
3. Nang’ kua pakta pen na hia? 4. Nang’ kua deih na hia? 5. Nang’ ma inn koi a hia? 6. Hih laibu kua a a hia? 7. Nang bang deih na hia?
Telgenna:
A tunga laigualte sungah, “kua, koi, bang” cih kammalte pen, “Thu ahk. mi” dotna in kizang ahih manin Dotna mintaang (Interrogative pronouns) kici hi.
Dotna lak mintaang Dotna lak pianzia
(Interrogative Pronouns) (Interrogative Adjectives)
Nangma laibu koi a hia? Koi laibu nanga a hia?
5.Neihna mintaang (Possessive Pronouns)
NEIHNA LAK PIANZIA NEIHNA LAK MINTAANG POSSESIVEAMC77VES POS=PRONOUAS 1.Hih in, ka laibu ahihi. Hih laibu in, kei a ahi hi. 2.Hua in, na ui ahi hi. Hua ui in, nanga ahi hi. 3.Hua in, tw\aang’ (a) sik sakol ahi hi. Hua sik sakol in, taang’a ahi hi. 4.Hua in, lia’ sumbawm ahi hi. Hua sumbawm in, lia’a ahi hi. 5.Hih in, i sanginn ahi hi. Hih sanginn in, ei a ahi hi. 6.Hua in, amau inn ahi hi. Hua inn in, amau a ahi hi. Telgenna:
A tunga kammal “kei a, nang a, taang’a, lai’a, ei a, amau a, “ cihte in, “ka, na , taang, lia, I, amau”, cihte bangin Noun ahi “Laibu, ui, sik sakol, sumbawm, sang leh inn” cihte (neih tuamna) kilangsak lo hi. Amaute in, neihna lak a, Noun te taanga ding kammalte ahi uh hi. Tua ahih manin, “kei a, nang a, lia a, ei a, amau a”, cihte khempeuh pen Neihna lak mintaang (Possesive Pronoun) kici hi.
Mikanglai in “his” possessive pronoun hi a, Zolai ah “a” (His father-apa) neihna lahna ahi hi. Tua hi a “ka, na, a, I, amaute taangin,” keima, nangma, taang’, lia’, eima” ci-in kizangthei hi.
Gtn.
Ka ahk. Kei ahk. Kei ma …… I ahk. Ei-a ahk. Eimau ……. Na ahk. Nanga ahk. Nangma ….. Gtn
1. Hih in, ka laibu ahi hi. Hih laibu in, kei-a ahi hi. Hih in, keima laibu ahi hi. 2. Hua in, I sanginn ah hi.
Hua sanginn in, ei a ahi hi. Hua in, eimau sanginn ahi hi. 3. Hua in, na laibu ahi hi.
Hua laibu in, nanga ahi hi. Hua in, nangma laibu ahi hi.
MINTAANG (PRONOUN) GELHZIA A.. Mi’ mintaanga kizang kammalte gelhzia.
Kei keimah keimah mah
Nang nangmah nangmah mah
A amah amah mah
Ko, kote komau komau mah
Ei, eite eimau eimau mah
No, note nomau nomau mah
Amau, amaute, amau amau mah
B. Neihnalak mintaang gelhzia.
Gtn
Hih kalaibu sim dihve. Tua laikung kei aa hi. Na sum limtak kem in.
Ama khedapte gol thei mahmah. Ko innah hong hawh lo ding maw? Ih puante na pho in.
Gamdangah ei pau kizang lo hi. No lamah bang thuthu om hiam? Amau deihna na zui phot in.
SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS
SINNAXXV
MUNLAHNA (THE PREPOSITION)
1. Tua laibu in, singkuang sungah a om hi. 2. Tua laibu in, singkuang tungah a om hi. 3. Tua laibu in, singkuang nuai-ah a om hi. 4. Tua laibu in, singkuang gei-ah a om hi. 5. Tua laibu in, singkuang pangah a om hi. 6. Tua laibu in, singkuang mai-ah a om hi.
A tunga kammalte “sung, tung, nuai, gei, pang, mai,” te in laibu omna mun hong gen hi. Hih cibang kammalte pen, Munlahna
(Preposition) kici hi:
Munlahna (Preposition) pawlkhatte pen a nuai a bangin Mintaang te (Pronouns) tawh zong kizangkhawrn thei hi.
gtn. 1. Vantung in, eite tunglamah a om hi. 2.Taang in, ka kiangah a tu hi.
3.Kei-in, nang tawh kong paikhawm ding hi. 4.Tua ui-in taang’ nungah a zui hi.
5.Ka pangah Lia a tu hi.
Telgenna:
Munlahna (Preposition) i cih in, mi khat peuhpeuh ahk- na khat peuhpeuh a omna mun a kawk kammal ahi hi. Munlahna (Preposition) in, Min (noun) ahk. Mintaang (Pronoun) khat peuh nungah, hong pai tawntung hi.
Mikangte in Munlahna (Preposition) a cih uh, to, at, under, in,
on, above, below’ cihte khempeuh ei’pau-in:
(a) ‘ah’ vive tawh kizom hi a, Rev. Cope in,’ah’ khempeuh a kimatin na gelh ahih manin, tua mah zuih dingin hoih hi.
gtn., kiangah, tungah, nuai-ah, khua-ah, sungah, adt...
(b) ahi, ailing, nailing, tailing, mateng, adt....
(c) ‘in’= hangin, ciangin, manin, dongin, panin, laitakin, ma-in, sungin zui-in, pai-in, dingin, takin, adt....
Ei pau ah’in’a kizatna tam mahmah hi.
Munlahna (Preposition) a a kizatna munte:
(a) hangin, ciangin, manin, dingin, dongin, cihte ah, a
kimatin ih gelh ding hi a, a, e, i, o, u, h, 1, p te tawh a kizom ciangin a kisim khialh loh nadingin’thekna! (hyphen) tawh dal ding ahi hi. Ahih hangin,
(b) Amah’in’i cih leh, a kimat lo ding ahi hi. (c) Sawlnate zong a kihal ding ahi hi.
gtn., Tu in, Sem in, Pai in, i cih leh ‘sawlna hi a, a kihal ding hi. Tu-in pai-in sem in, ih cih leh tumal-in vapai a sem dinga sawlna hi a, tu-in malkhat pai-in malkhat a gelh ding ahi hi. i leh i kizom ahih manin.
(-) tawh ih sawl hi.
Na kong khak in, hong nang in. -khak dinga sawlna; Na kongkhak in, hong nang in.
Na kong khak-in (inla) hong nang in. -kongkhak tawh nang dinga sawlna;
(d) “tawh” pen a tuamin kiding sak hi.
nang tawh, amah tawh, kei tawh, Hei tawh a sui hi.
(e) Awmal khat a nei munlak kammalte tangdin ding hi.
Inn sung na phiat in. Amah in Pasian kiang a zuan hi.
(f) Awmal nih a nei munlak kammalte kimat ding hi. gtn., kiangah, sungah, geinai, saklam, kikal, khungdawn, sunglam, pualam,
THUZOPNA (THE CONJUNCTION) Telgenna:
Kammal khat leh khat ahk. laigual khat leh khat zopna dinga, a
kizang kammal khat in, Thuzopna (Conjuotion) kici hi. gtn. 1. Thangpu leh Khampite in, lawmta ahi uh hi.
2. Thangpu in, hanciamin sem napi-in Khampi a thadah hi. 3. Suanpi laisiamin, nasep zong a hahkat hi.
4. Khampi-in, pilna a deih ahih hangin, hanciam nuam lo hi. 5. Pauta zawng ding hi, banghanghiam cih leh, nasem nuamlo hi.
A tung a laigualte ih et ciangin, kammal khat leh khat a zom ahk. laigual khat leh khat a zom, kammalte ahi, “leh, napi-in, zong, ahih hangin, banghanghiam cih leh,” cihte i mu hi. Hih cibang kammalte khempeuh in,Thuzopna (Conjunction) kici hi.
Hih thuzopna ahk. kamzopna (Conjunction) pen, ei’pau in “a, leh, ahi, hinapi, hinapi-in, zongin, hangin, ahih kei leh, Mun, bangin, phetin, manin, khitin, simloh, a kipan, longal/ lobuang, keingal/keibuang leh, taleh, hita leh, ahinak leh, lecin, le-uh, leucin, inla, unla, henla, cih atuamtuamte pen, kamvui nih ahi a, kammal nih ahi zongin ih peh ciangin ih zang hi.
Vasa leeng hi. Ngasa in tui peek hi. Vasa leeng a, ngasa in tui peek hi.
Nang leh kei; Ama paina leh kei paina: and; Ka pa a pai ciangin ka ui un a zui hi. when; Lai ih pil leh nasep ngah baih hi. if;
A thawh baih manin nasep zo baih pah hi. because; Pai inla vagen in. and;
Nasep a zawh baih nadingin tho baih hi. for; Zekaai napi-in nasep zo mahmah hi. Kong tun dong na om ou.
Na hahkat leh lai ong niteh. Vasate bangci kiho cih thei keng. Koi pan hong pai cih thei keng. A hehna a hang thei keng. A lau manin taaipah vingveng.
Na kisik keingal leh vantung tung kei niteh. Nong gen a kipan kikheel pah keei ka hi ve. Na pai ma-in sem pak ve.
Kong pai ding lam na genkhol ou. Ni asat laitakin pho pak ve.
A san longal a meel dang om lo hi. Amah simloh kikim keei to e. Tho leh thosi ka mu hi.
A u dah loin a hen hi.
Amah a nuama kei ka dah hi. Amah pil napi laisim thadah hi.
“in” leh “a” pen thuzopna a a kizat ciangin, a kizompih kammalte tawh kimat ding hi. A kisap leh thekna tawh kidei ding hi. Kammal a kibang veve Munlahna leh Thuzopna aa kizang khawm pawl khat om thei hi. Hihte pen a kicingin kigen zo nai lo hi.
LAMDANG SAKNA (INTERJECTION) Telgenna:
Hih lamdang sakna (Interjection) i cihte pen, larnethetloh a hong piang thukhat hangin ahk. thuakna ahk. lungnopnate alakkhia kammalte ahi hi.
gtn., Oh! Hallo! Ah! Alas!. A laihsaih! Ka laihsaih! Nuvaw! Pavaw! Nu-ei! Pa-ei! Awih! Eh! Khai! cihte ahi hi.
Hih lamdang sakna kammalte nungah, lamdang sakna a lak, ciaptehna (!) in, zuiden ding hi. Ahi zongin, a maute in, laigual khat bawl simin, kisap harntang luatna omlo hi.
Mintaang Neihna lak pianzia Neihsa lak mintaang Mimalmintaang Pronoun Possesive Adj. Possesive Pro. Personal Pro. I Kei my ka mine kei a me kei’, ka You Nang your na’ yours nang a you nang’
- Note - no’ no a - no’
We Eite our ih ours ei a us ei’
- Kote - ko’ - ko a - ko’
They Amaute their amau’ theirs amau a them amau’ He Twang his taang’ his taang a him taang! She Lia her lia’ hers lia a her lia’ It Amah its ama’ its ama a it ama’
I, my, mine, me Kei, ka, kei a, kei’
1. I have a book. Kei-in laibu khat nei-ing. 2. This is my book. Hihin ka laibu ahi hi. 3. This book is mine. Hih laibu in kei a hi. 4. This book belongs to me. Hih laibu kei’ neihsa hi.
You, your, yours, you Nang, na, nang a, nang’
1. You have a book. Nang laibu khat nei teh. 2. This is your book. Hih in na laibu hi._ 3. This book is yours. Hih laibu in nang a hi. 4. This book belongs to you. Hih laibu nang’ neihsa hi.
We, our, ours, us Eite, ih, ei a, ei’
1. We have a house. Eite in, inn khat nei hang. 2. This is our house. Hih in, ih inn hi.
3. This house is ours. Hih inn in, ei a hi. 4. This house belongs to us. Hih inn, ei’ neihsa hi.
SINNA XXVI
NEIHNA LAK MINTS (NOUN POSSESIVE)
gtn., 1. Tua pasalno ii laibu in, sabuai tungah om hi. 2. Nemno ii ui pen, ngawngpak kici hi.
3. Tua kumpipa ii sakol pen, a kaang hi. 4. Tua naungek ii khete gawng hi.
A tunga laigualte enleng, “etlawm loin, a sim zong nuamlo hi. Tuate tangin, a nuai-abangin, i genthei hi.
1. Tua pasalno’ laibu in, sabuai tungah om hi. 2. Nemno’ ui pen, ngawngpak kici hi.
3. Tua kumpipa! sakol pen, kang hi. 4. Tua naungek’khete pen, gawng hi.
Telgenna:
Hih cibangin i gen ciangin, neihna hong lak ahih manin, hih bang kammalte pen, Neihna lak (Possessive Case) kici hi.
“Tua pasalno’ laibu” a cih ciangin, tua laibu pen, tua pasalno’ neihsa hi, a cih nopna ahi hi.
“Nemno’ ui” acih ciangin, tua ui pen, Nemno’ neihsa a cih nopna ahi hi. Tua mah bangin, “Tua kumpipa! sakol leh, tua naungek’ khe acih ciangin zong, a tunga mah bangin tua kumpipa! sakol leh tua naungek’ khe pen, a mau neihsa a hihna a gentuak ahi hi.
Neihsa genna apian theihna dingin, Min (noun) nungah Neihsalak “Apostrophe ( ‘ )” gelhna tawh i bawl hi. A tam ahi zongin, khat kia ahi zongin tua bang mahin kibawl hi.
gtn., 1. Sannu’labu. 2. Numeite’ nikte. 3. Vasa’ bu 4. Sakolte’ meite. 5. Gutapa’ khutte. 6. Naupangte’ puante.
