D. Aim of the Research
1. To find out the level of the students’ interest and motivation in learning English between the students of TKR and IPA departments.
2. To find out the difference of the students’ interest and motivation between
SMK and SMA students.
E. Contribution of the Result
The result of this thesis is hoped to give useful information about the
students’ interest and motivation in learning English. Interest and motivation are
CHAPTER II
THEORITICAL REVIEW
A. Students’ Interest
1. Definition of Students’ Interest
Interest has been defined in various ways, Prenzel (as cited in Bergin 2009) pointed out that, as used in everyday live, interest to “describe preferences for objects” in which the object is broadly defined, including positive emotions toward the object. According to the Hilgrard (1989:58) interest is a persisting tendency to pay attention and enjoy some activities or contents.
Then, Usman (2010:27) explains that effective teaching learning
process involves students’ interest and attention in classroom. Interest can
greatly affect to learning because by having it, the students will do fighting in achieving something. It can also be manifested through their participation in doing activities in which those who have feelings of contents to the object are going to pay more specific attentions to it. The involvement of students in learning is closely related with students’ characteristics, either cognitive or affective real such as motivation, confidence, and interest.
finally generate pleasure in behavioral change, including knowledge, attitude, and skills.
2. Types of Interest
One of the leading researchers, Andreas Knapp (2004:407) mentioned that there are two types those are:
a. Individual Interest
It has been described as a relatively enduring predisposition to attend to certain objects and events and to engage in certain activities. This behavior is associated with a psychological state of positive affect and persistence and tends to result in increased learning.
b. Situational Interest
The psychological state of interest can also be generated by specific environmental stimuli and is referred to as situational interest (Hidi, 2002:546). Whereas the state is characterized by focused attention that is similar to the outcome of individual interest, the immediate affective reaction may include a broader range of emotions.
3. Aspects of Interest
According to definition of interest can be described into several aspects of:
a. The feeling of happiness
Happy feeling will cause positive attitude and grow interest. In the other way, unhappy feeling causes negative attitude and does not grow interest, as explained earlier by Dewa Ketut Sukardi (1988: 63) states that interest is a set of mental that consist of combination of feeling, prejudice, worried, afraid and other tendency that direct someone in certain choice. Thus students who have high interest in learning will enjoy and be enthusiastic to get high achievement.
b. Like or Dislike
Like is want, feel, or preference when someone like in something. He/she will do something willingly and will do anything to make what they like comes true. While, dislike is a feeling of distaste when someone dislikes something, he/ she will not pay much attention on something that he/she dislikes (The Grolier International Dictionary, 1981)
c. Attention
d. Willingness
Willingness is a power that is raised from student’s motivation to get good achievement in learning English (Hidayat, Rizka: 2006).
e. Awareness
Center of attention is a concentration from all the individual activity toward an object. Thus something that is done is the awareness (Hidayat, Rizka: 2006).
f. Activity
Activity is a condition of being active. Activity in interest is positive attitude or feeling toward the activities, person, experience or things. Interest is the psychological symptom that related to an object or
activity that stimulates someone’s interest (The Grolier International
Dictionary, 1981).
4. Importance of Students’ Interest
An interest plays a big role towards someone’s activity. By having an interest, students will do what he is interested in. Without interest, they will be reluctant to do so. Learning is an activity, so interest has big influence for learning because it can increase learning itself. We believe that promoting interest in the classroom increases students’ intrinsic motivation to learn and
Slameto (2010;57) said that “interest is persisting tendency to notice and remember some of the activities, attention constantly accompanied pleasure”. Students who have interest towards an object tends to give attention more. Then, they will be respective to the interaction related to the object. Interest has a great sense within its correlation with the learning process. When the subject material learnt by the students is not suitable for their need and interest, it can be confirmed that they won’t be able to study well and
seriously, either caused by boredom, compulsion, or other bad sense. In this case, students who have an interest with material will get more interested in the lesson.
B. Students’ Motivation
1. The Nature of Motivation
The term “motivation” is usually related to the human behavior. The
motivation has drawn the psychologists’ attention. It because every action that
Motivation is the internal power that causes us to act or to do something where the acts are directed to the certain goal that will be reached. Related to Frandsen in Pasaribu and Simanjuntak (1983:50) motivation is the internal condition arouse sustain, direct and determine the intensity of learning effort. It also defines as the set satisfying and unsatisfying consequences of goal.
Motivation also can be said as the reason to act in reaching a certain goal, it may be a main purpose why someone will act or do something. As Woodworth said in Pasaribu and Simanjuntak (1983:50) that motivation is a set of predisposes of the individual of certain activity and for seeking certain goal.
From the description above, the writer can conclude that motivation is an important factor that the students need to have, because motivation is an internal drive that can encourage the students to study to achieve their goal.
2. Types of Motivation
Decy and Ryan in Carreira (2004) defined that motivation are classified as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation based on the degree of self-determination:
a. Intrinsic Motivation
Ryan, 2000). Intrinsic motivation occurs when people are internally motivated to do something because it either brings them pleasure, they think it is important, challenging, or they feel that what they are learning is significant. Intrinsic motivation comes from reward inherent to a task or activity itself – the enjoyment of puzzle or the love of playing. The intrinsic motivation makes someone active in his activities without being influenced by others.
b. Extrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic motivation comes into play when a student is compelled to do something or act a certain way because of factors external to him or her (like money or good grades). The extrinsic motivation makes someone active in his activities because of influence of others. Gardner in Carreira (2004) identified two main types of the extrinsic motivation, there are:
1). Integrative Motivation
Integrative motivation refers to a students’ desire to learn more
about the cultural community of the target language or to assimilate to some degree in the target community. Integrative orientation refers to a desire to increase the affiliation with the target community.
target language community. It can be realized as a longing to live abroad, understanding foreign culture, visiting many countries and others. The main purpose of this type of motivation are tight merger to the culture and social community of the target language.
2). Instrumental Motivation
It is related to desire of the students to master English as an instrumental purpose such as to get a job, rewards, to pass the exam, to know the western film and etc. It also refers to learners’ desires to learn the language in order to accomplish some non-interpersonal purpose such as to pass an exam or to advance a career.
3. Importance of Motivation in Learning English
Motivation in learning English can have several effects on how students learn and how they behave towards subject matter. It can be direct behavior toward particular goals and lead to increase effort and energy. The motivation can also increase initiation of and persistence in activities. Besides that, it enables the students to enhance cognitive processing and determine what consequences are reinforcing. In addition, it leads to improved performance.
other cognitive behavior. Student are directed by what happens in the environment external to them. It also should be considered whenever the students intrinsically motivated; they need to be supported to reinforce their intrinsic motivation to learn English furthermore.
Sardiman (1990) says that there are many effects that are important for teaching:
a. Motivation energize learners
It causes them to become active, involved and concerned. Motivation sustains effort and keeps them going.
b. Motivation is goal directed
It directs people to complete a task, to make direction. c. Motivation is selective
Motivation selects what activity should be undertaken and motivation also determines how to determine the activity do.
d. Motivation patterns learner’s behavior
It organizes activities this efficiency to effort and it make planning or to know the activity do.
C. Vocational School Program
1. Purpose
preparation of individuals for paid or unpaid employment, or for additional preparation for a career require other than a baccalaureate of advanced degree. Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) is middle school of education to provide the students working in certain program. SMK N Binangun is one of schools that produces fresh graduates, in which they will be ready for a job. A lot of demands of having a good quality skill to join in industrial section and developing their professional attitude in their program.
2. Curriculum
The school used KTSP 2006 as the curriculum that is implemented in education system. Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (henceforth KTSP) is an operational curriculum that is made and implemented by each educational unit (Government Act No.19/2005). So the teaching learning activity based on it.
Based on the curriculum, every subject can support the students’ ability or skills to get a job in their future after they are graduated from the school. One of them is English, in this lesson the students are equipped with the knowledge of English for certain jobs that they need.
3. Syllabus
school the duration of English lesson is four hours in each week. And each meeting last for two hours, so English lesson is given twice a week.
In the syllabus, the teacher will teach four skills of English those are: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In the learning teaching process, the teacher explains about the English subject used in the work. The teacher teaches students about a kinds of abilities related to the job such as: interview for get a job and write curriculum vitae. Besides that, the teacher also gives the knowledge of structure and grammar about English in this lesson. The students must learn English very well to get good score or achievement in this subject and also to get English skill for future job.
D. Senior High School Program
1. Purpose
Senior High School education is aimed to prepare for the students to continue their study in the higher education related with program both in academic and professionalism education areas. Beside that each program gives the students ability provision to work in their society in a direct and indirect manner. (Hidayat Rizka’s thesis 2006:14).
SMA N Sampang is a school that produces fresh graduates who will continue their education to the next level. After graduation, the students can proceed to college in accordance with the majors that are in demand.
2. Curriculum
It is a set to program concerning the lesson materials and the manner, which is used as the orientation of teaching learning activities. Each subject can support students to continue their study, one of them is English.
3. Syllabus
In SMA N Sampang, the English materials given based on the syllabus. In syllabus, the duration of English lesson is six hours in each week. Every meeting has two hours, so English lesson is given three meetings a week.
The materials in the teaching learning process are about daily life such as: daily activities, giving and asking opinion. The teacher also gives four skills for the students there are: reading, speaking, listening, and writing. The students have to focus in structure and grammar too. The students must learn English very well to get good scores in this subject, especially for their further study.
E. Review of the Previous Research
Year 2004-2005. He explained about the important and comparison of students’ interest in learning English.
Another research was conducted by Fajar Prabawani (2010). He conducted a study of The Senior High School Students Motivation in Learning English. In the study, he explained about the motivation is an important factor that the students need to have, because it can encourage the students to study to achieve their goal.
F. Basic Assumption
Interest and motivation are important elements in learning. Interest is the matter of the individual psychological symptom that make students attractively learn English. Motivation will affect the students’ activity in the learning process and it is possible also affect towards their ability in English.
Concerning the students’ interest and motivation of TKR and IPA students, the
