THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL FACTORS
ON CHILDREN’S ACHIEVEMENT
OF ACQUIRING SECOND LANGUAGE
A THESIS
By
ELITARIA BESTRI AGUSTINA SIREGAR
147052007/MBE
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL FACTORS
ON CHILDREN’S ACHIEVEMENT
OF ACQUIRING SECOND LANGUAGE
A THESIS
Submitted as the Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts (M.A.) in English Postgraduate Study Program, Faculty of
Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara
By
ELITARIA BESTRI AGUSTINA SIREGAR
147052007/MBE
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
Title of Thesis :
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL FACTORS
ON CHILDREN’S ACHIEVEMENT
OF ACQUIRING SECOND LANGUAGE
Name : Elitaria Bestri Agustina Siregar
Reg. Number : 147052007
Study Program :English Postgraduate
Approved by Adviser Commission
(Prof. Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A) (Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP) Adviser I Adviser II
Head of Dean of
English Postgraduate Program Faculty of Cultural Sciences
(Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H., M.A.) (Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S.)
Has been examined on Date : 24thAugust 2016
Board of Examiners :
Chief : Prof. Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A (……….)
Members : Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP (……….)
Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H., M.A. (……….)
Dr. Umar Mono, Dipl. Trans., M.Hum. (……….)
DECLARATION
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL FACTORS ON CHILDREN’S ACHIEVEMENT OF ACQUIRING SECOND LANGUAGE
I certify that the thesis I wrote as one of the requirements to obtain the
degree of Master of Arts from English Postgraduate Study Program, Faculty of
Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara, is exactly my own work.
I certify that I clearly mentioned the reference of the citations I used in
some specific parts of this thesis based on norm, rule, and etiquette of the
technique of a scientific writing.
I certify, in the future, that I am willing to accept the sanction of the
renovation of my academic degree which I receive and other sanction in
accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations, provided some parts or all
parts of this thesis are invented not to be my own work or to commit plagiarism.
Medan, August 2016 The Writer
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL FACTORS
language proficiency (Ellis, 2003). The study was conducted to investigate children’s English learning achievement and the impacts of social factors of parents’ economic level, parents’ education level, learning environment, and parents’ occupation on the children’s second language acquisition. Participants were 36 students and their parents from a kindergarten in Medan, North Sumatera. An eighteen item questionnaire designated to elicit the required information on the social factors was used for data collection. The face and content validity of the instrument was ensured. Reliability coefficient of 0.84 was obtained. All available data were processed by SPSS 17.0 for descriptive, correlation, ANOVA, and predictive analyses. Finding revealed that social factors have significant impact on children’s English learning. Parents’ economic level is the most dominant factor influencing the children’s achievement, followed by environment. It was also revealed that parents’ education level and children’s’ achievement of English has no strong relationship. In addition, parents’ occupation does not significantly impact on the children’s achievement of second language acquisition.PENGARUH FAKTOR SOSIAL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN
AKUSISI BAHASA KEDUA
ABSTRAK
Penelitian tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembelajaran bahasa telah banyak dilakukan. Faktor social memiliki peran penting dalam kefasihan bahasa (Ellis, 2003). Peneitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa hubungan antara prestasi belajar bahasa kedua dengan faktor social, termasuk tingkat ekonomi orang tua, tingkat pendidikan orang tua, lingkuangan belajar dan pekerjaan orang tua. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa TK Gethsemane yang berjumlah dari 36 siswa. Kuesioner yang terdiri dari 18 pertanyaan digunakan sebagai instrumen penelitian. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisa menggunakan bantuan SPP 17.0, yang tediri dari analisa deskriptif, analisa korelasi, ANOVA dan analisa prediktif. Tingkat validasi penelitian ini adalah 0.84. berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa faktor sosial memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar siswa dalam bahasa Inggris. Tingkat ekonomi merupakan faktor yang paling dominan yang memperngaruhi prestasi belajar siswa, diikuti oleh faktor ingkungan belajar. Juga ditemukan bahwa tingkat pendidikan dan jenis pekerjaan orang tua tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan bahasa anak.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My deep gratitude goes to Prof. Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A, and Dr. Eddy
Setia, M.Ed. TESP, my thesis consultants, who expertly guided me in writhing tis
thesis. Their valuable time, mental support, and worthwhile advice have helped
me so much that this thesis has become to its final format.
My appreciation also extends to all my lecturers and all my classmates
for encouragement that launched the greater part of this thesis.
Thanks to my parents who always pray for me and support me in any
situations. For my father who always watches me from heaven, thanks for being a
great father….
I also thank Melisa Siregar and Boni Fasius Siregar, my sister and
brother who helped me so much in doing this thesis.
Above ground, I am indebted to my family. I acknowledge my husband,
Rinto Maha, my sons, Gerald Ford Maha and Joshua Lazzaro Maha, who are my
champions and who blessed me with a life of joy in the hours when the lights
were off.
Medan, August 2016
The Writer,
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Name : Elitaria Bestri Agustina Siregar
Place, Date of Birth : P. Sidimpuan, 26th August 1986
Phone Number : 081310259151
Email : laazzaromaha26@gmail.com
Academic Background
1. 1993-1999 : SD Negeri 142798 Baringin, Sipirok
2. 1999 -2002 : SMP Negeri 6 Baringin, Sipirok
3. 2002 -2005 : SMA Negeri 1 Sipirok
4. 2005-2009 : Bachelor of Arts (S.S.) of English
in Methodist University of Indonesia
5. 2014-2016 : Master of Arts in English (M.A) Faculty of
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.2 Problems Statement ... 4
1.3 Research Objectives ... 5
1.4 Significances ... 5
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL CONCEPT ... 6
2.1 Previous Related Research ... 6
2.2 Language Acquisition Theory ... 11
2.2.1 Behaviorism ... 12
2.2.2 Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory ... 14
2.2.3 Socio-cultural Perspective ... 17
2.3 Social Approaches to Second Language Acquisition ... 18
2.3.1 Sociocultural Theory ... 20
2.3.2 The Identity Approach ... 20
2.3.3 Language Socialization Approach ... 21
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 23
3.1 Subjects of The Study ... 23
3.2 Research Variables ... 24
3.3 Research Method ... 25
3.4 Instrument and Data Collection Procedure... 26
3.5 Data Analysis Procedures ... 27
3.5.1 Descriptive Statistics ... 27
3.5.2 Spearman Bivariate Correlation ... 29
3.5.3 Simple regression Analysis ... 29
3.6 Validity and Reliability Test... 30
3.7 Hypothesis ... 32
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS ... 33
4.1 Description of the Variables ... 33
4.1.1 Description of Students ... 33
4.1.2 Description of Parents ... 35
4.1.2.1 Parents’ Economic Level ... 37
4.1.2.2 Parents’ Education Level ... 39
4.1.2.3 Environment ... 40
4.1.2.4 Parents’ Occupation ... 41
4.2 The Correlation/Relationship between Social Factors and Children’s Achievement of Acquiring Second Language ...43
4.2.1 Parents’ Economic Level and Children’s Achievement ... 48
4.2.2 Parents’ Education Level and Children’s Achievement ... 50
4.2.3 Environment and Children’s Achievement ... 51
4.2.4 Parents’ Occupation and Children’s Achievement ... 52
4.4 Parents’ Economic Level
as The Most Dominant Factor Influencing The Achievement
of Children’s Second Language Acquisition ... 56
4.5 Findings and Discussion ... 57
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 61
5.1 Conclusions ... 61
5.2 Suggestions ... 62
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Piaget’s Development Stages ... 17
Table 3.1 Subjects of Study ... 23
Table 3.2 Questionnaire Scores ... 29
Table 3.3 Questionnaire Design ... 30
Table 3.4 Questionnaire Intervals ... 31
Table 3.5 Reliability Statistics ... 32
Table 4.1 Description of Students ... 34
Table 4.2 Students’ Criteria... 34
Table 4.3 Social Factor Questionnaire Result ... 36
Table 4.4 Economic Level ... 38
Table 4.5 Parents’ Education Level ... 39
Table 4.6 Environment ... 40
Table 4.7 Parents’ Occupation ... 41
Table 4.8 Descriptive Statistics ... 42
Table 4.9 Variable Entered/Removed ... 43
Table 4.10 Anova... 46
Table 4.11Strength of Relationship Between Variables ... 47
Table 4.12 Model Summary ... 47
Table 4.13 Correlations ... 49
Table 4.14 Interpretation of Spearman ... 49
Table 4.15 Correlations ... 50
Table 4.16 Correlations ... 52
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Questionnaire on Social Factors
Appendix 2: Assessment for Students
Appendix 3: Social Factors Questionnaire Results
Appendix 4: Students’ Scores
Appendix 5: Parents’ Economic Level and Children’s Achievement
Appendix 6: Parents’ Education Level and Children’s Achievement
Appendix 7: Environment and Children’s Achievement
