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PROFIL PELAYANAN SWAMEDIKASI OLEH PETUGAS
APOTEK TERHADAP PENDERITA BATUK DI APOTEK
PADA SEPULUH KECAMATAN DI KOTA MEDAN
ABSTRAK
Pengobatan sendiri (swamedikasi) adalah pemilihan dan penggunaan obat-obatan tanpa resep oleh seorang individu untuk mengobati penyakit yang diderita atau mengurangi gejala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil patient assessment, rekomendasi, informasi terkait obat dan non farmakologi, serta tingkat pelayanan swamedikasi yang dilakukan oleh petugas apotek terhadap pasien penderita batuk.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode ASMETHOD secara simulasi pasien dengan menjalankan skenario yang dibuat menurut peneliti sebelumnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Desember 2016 sampai Februari 2017 dengan sampel berjumlah 77 apotek pada 10 kecamatan di kota Medan. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah kombinasi sampling wilayah dan sampling acak sederhana. Hasil pengamatan profil pelayanan swamedikasi yang diberikan petugas apotek dicatat diluar apotek didalam lembar checklist.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh profil patient assessment yang paling banyak ditanyakan oleh petugas apotek adalah “apa gejala yang dialami pasien ?” sebanyak 97,40% (n=75) sedangkan yang tidak sama sekali ditanyakan adalah “apa tindakan yang diperbuat selama mengalami gejala batuk”, “apa obat-obat lain yang sedang digunakan” dan “apa faktor penyebab terjadinya batuk”. Profil rekomendasi sebanyak 100% (n=77) apotek yang memberikan “rekomendasi obat” dengan jenis obat paling banyak adalah mukolitik sebanyak 80,52% (n=62), sementara untuk “rekomendasi ke dokter” sama sekali tidak diberikan. Profil informasi obat yang paling banyak diberikan petugas apotek adalah “dosis obat” sebanyak 32,47% (n=25) sedangkan informasi yang sama sekali tidak diberikan adalah “indikasi obat”, “kontraindikasi obat”, “efek samping obat”, “perhatian mengenai obat”, “terlupa minum obat”, “cara penyimpanan obat”, “cara perlakuan sisa obat” dan “identifikasi obat rusak”. Profil informasi non farmakologi berupa “pola makanan dan minuman” serta “pola hidup” hanya diberikan oleh 5 apotek yang masing-masing sebanyak 3,90% (n= 3) dan 2,60% (n=2). Hasil penilaian tingkat pelayanan swamedikasi pasien, diperoleh bahwa 100% (n=77) apotek mendapatkan % skor < 60 yang merupakan kategori kurang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pelayanan swamedikasi yang dilakukan oleh petugas apotek pada sepuluh kecamatan di kota Medan adalah kurang.
Kata Kunci: pelayanan swamedikasi, batuk, apotek
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SELF-MEDICATION SERVICE PROFILE BY THE
PHARMACY STAFFS TO PATIENTS WITH COUGH IN
PHARMACIES OF TEN DISTRICTS AT MEDAN CITY
ABSTRACT
Self-medication is the choice and use of medicine without prescription by an individual to treat diseases or reduce the symptoms. This study aimed to determine the profile of patient assessment, recomendations, information about providing drugs and non pharmacological therapy by pharmacy staffs to the patients with cough.
This study was conducted using ASMETHOD with patient simulation scenario which was made by previous researchers. This research had been done in December 2016 until February 2017 with samples numbered 77 pharmacies in 10 districts at Medan City. The sampling technique used was a combination of sampling area and simple random sampling. The observation results of self-medication service profile which were given by the pharmacy staffs were recorded outside the pharmacies in the checklist sheet.
Based study results, patient assesment profile with the most frequently asked by the pharmacy staffs was “what is the symptoms that has been experienced by the patients?” as much as 97.40% (n = 75) meanwhile that was not asked at all such as "what action is being done during the symptoms of cough" "what the other medications are being used" and "what are the causes of cough"
.
The recommendation profiles as much as 100% (n = 77) of pharmacies who gave the “drug recommendation” mostly was mucolytic as much as 80.52% (n = 62) while the “medical recommendation” was not given at all. The drug information profile that was given widely by the pharmacy staffs was “the dose of medication” as much as 32.47% (n = 25) while the information not completely provided such as “drug indication ", "contraindication of the drugs", "side effects of the drugs", "drug attention", "forgot to take medicine", "methods of drug storage ", "how to treat of the residual drug" and "identification of expired drugs”. Non-pharmacological information profile such as “the pattern of food and drink” also “lifestyle” was not given by 5 pharmacies that each other as much as 3.90% (n = 3) and 2.60% (n = 2). The result of self-medication service on patient showed that 100% (n = 77) pharmacies obtains <60 of %score which mean the less category. This all results showed that the level of self medication service conducted by the pharmacy staffs in pharmacies of ten districts at Medan City was insufficiency.
Keywords: self-medication service, cough, pharmacy
