CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND KARONESE.

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CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND KARONESE

A THESIS

Submitted as partical of the Requirements

For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

By :

BONIFACIA EMANELLA BR TARIGAN

Resgistration Number 2113220003

ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

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ABSTRACT

Tarigan, Bonifacia Emanella.Reg No.2113220003. Contrastive Analysis of Relative Pronouns between English and Karonese. A Thesis. English Department Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan.

This study deals with contrastive analysis of relative pronouns between English and Karonese”. The objective of this study is analyzed the differences and the similarities of relative pronouns in English and Karonese. For analyze this study, the researcher used qualitative research by doing the documentary technique. The data collected by reading some references which are related to the subject matters. The data which has been collected, itcan be qualified to solve the problem of the research. After analyzed, the researcher found the similarities in both languages: Relative Pronouns in English and Karonesehas the same position in a sentence, it can be: ‘after the subject or before the object’. Relative Pronouns in English and Karonese have the same form, Si can be used as subject, object, prepositions and possessive for People and Things. And there are no differences of Relative Pronouns between English and Karonese as subject, object and possessive functions based on the position and form.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The greatest thanks to the Almighty God for all His blessing and guidence,

the writer gives the greatest thankfulness for everything that has been given along

her life, so the writer is able to complete this thesis. This thesis is aimed to fulfill

the requirements for S-1 Degree of SarjanaSastra at English and Literature

Department Faculty of Language and Arts of State University of Medan.

The writer would like to express her gratitude to those who helped her in

completing this thesis, because without the suggestions, guidence, pray and

support it could be not fulfilled. In this occasion, the writer would like to express

her special gratitude to :

 Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd, the Rector of State University of

Medan

 Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum, the Dean of Faculty Languages and

Arts, State University of Medan

 Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd, the Head of English Department and

her Thesis Examiner of this thesis, Dra. Meisuri, M.A, the Secretary

of English Department, Syamsul Bahri, S.S, M.Hum, the Head of

English Literature Department academic

 Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum, her Thesis Advisor thanks for his

guidance, advice, suggestion and comment and his time to supervising

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 Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Hum, Dr. I Wayan Dirgeyasa T,

M.Hum, her Examiner of this thesis who gave their suggestion,

comment and motivated to complete this thesis.

 Her deepest love to her parents, Johan Piter Tarigan and

Rahmayani br Kemit for their prayers, love, spirit, motivation and financial support during the writer’s whole life.

 Her beloved uncle, aunty and grandmother,Mereksa B Ginting, S.P,

M.Agr, Renyasari Kemit, S.H, and Teken br Ginting for their

prayers, support, and motivation given to the writer as long as she did

this thesis.

 Her friends in State University of Medan, Evi, Putri, Lisma, Melly,

Sri, Emi, Raja, Windi, Bimbi and Dewanta Putra thanks for the

support, help and prayers to the writer.

 Her friends in Ikatan Mahasiswa Karo FBS and Ikatan Mahasiswa

Karo Rudang Mayang UNIMED, for their spirit, motivation and

prayers to the writer.

 And everyone who has helped the writer.

Medan, February 2016

The Writer,

Bonifacia Emanella br Tarigan

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 4.1 The Functions of Who ... 25

Table 4.2 The Functions of Whom ... 26

Table 4.3 The Function of Which ... 27

Table 4.4 The Function of Whose ... 28

Table 4.5 The Function of That ... 29

Table 4.6 The Position of Relative Pronouns as Subject ... 30

Table 4.7 The Position of Relative Pronouns as Object... 30

Table 4.8 The Form of Relative Pronouns in English ... 33

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LIST OF APPENDICES

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. The Background of The Study

The language has a very important role since first. The goal is to

communicate with each other, including in expressed particular objects, so they

are also encouraged to pronounce certain sounds. Language is expressed by a

word which we commonly translate temperance, but which might more properly

be translated good temper, or sobriety and moderation of mind (Smith 1984:269)

in his book The Theory of Moral Sentiments.

Language is like a tree. It can grow and die. It is also like the communities

that have come and gone with them their language. There are some 6000

languages in the world, but of these about half are going die out in the cause of

next century (Jakeman 2001:84) So, there are many kinds of languages in the

world and they are created by their own.

To studying the language, we need to knowledge about it. It is called

linguistic. Linguistics has something to do with language, it also implies that

linguistics relevant to the learning of language (Hartley1982: 3). So, linguistic is

scientific knowledge that can be applied to study many languages in this world.

One of linguistic aspects is concerned to the contrastive analysis.

Contrastive analysis means the comparison of two languages by paying attention

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suggested by Whorf (1941) as contrastive linguistics, a comparative study which

emphasizes on linguistic differences. From the statement above, it means that the

main goal of contrastive linguistics is to find out what the differences and

similarities in analyzing languages.

So many languages spread across the world, especially in Indonesia.

Where, Indonesia is known for a wide variety of ethnic, cultural, and language.

From the diversity, the authors want to examine one of the tribes in Indonesia,

particularly in the area of North Sumatra, known as Karo tribe. Where, Karonese

is one of the languages used by the public or the Karo tribe in daily conversation,

at funerals, wedding ceremonies, organization or meetings involving about Karo.

In the grammar of Karonese, we can find on the use of the phrase, in

Karonese we have “gundari” and in English we have “now” and in Bahasa

Indonesia “sekarang”. From this fact we can find that language is different from

other. These variations of language appear as the impact of variety of cultures the

people have. Although we have so many languages as our medium of

communication, we can still find some similarities and differences in each of

them, and from these things encourage the researcher to find out the differences

and the similarities by contrasting English and Karonese especially in Relative

Pronouns.

Contrastive Analysis compares two or more languages with the aim of

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better teaching materials for language learners. When we use a foreign language,

we may make mistakes because of influence from our mother tongue, mistakes in

pronunciation, grammar, and other levels of language. Being aware of the

differences between the mother tongue (L1) and the target language (L2) is

needed in order to learn the correct use of the foreign language.

The reason of the writer to choose contrastive analysis of Relative

Pronouns between English and Karonese because Karonese is mother tongue of

the researcher, and has been daily communication with parent, and friends who

are Karo.

The previous researcher related to the Contrastive Analysis of Relative

Pronouns has been done by Rohmaita Fitriani Saragih (2012). In her research, she

analyzed contrastive analysis of Relative Pronouns in English and Simalungun

titled “Contrastive Analysis of Relative Pronouns between English and

Simalungun”. This research discovered the similarities and the differences in

English and Simalungun related from Relative Pronouns. She has been found that

English and Simalungun have similarities in class, meaning and the use of

Relative Pronouns. And she has been found the difference of both language is the

function of Relative Pronounsd in Simalungun language based on part while in

English in Relative Pronouns base on five kinds and both Relative Pronounsd

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B. The Problem of The Study

There are two problems that need to be solved in this research. They are:

1) What are the similarities of Relative Pronouns between English and

Karonese as a subject, object and possessive functions based on the

positions and form?

2) What are the differences of Relative Pronouns between English and

Karonese as a subject, object and possessive functions based on the

positions and form?

C. The Scope of The Study

This research has limitation. In relation to this definition, the researcher

should limit this research. This research only focuses on contrastive analysis

between English and Karonese especially in Relative Pronouns as a subject, object,

and possessive functions based on the positions and form.

D. The Objective of The Study

There are two objectives that should be achieved in this research. They

are:

1. To find out the similarities of Relative Pronouns between English and

Karonese as a subject, object, and possessive functions based on the

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2. To find the differences of Relative Pronouns between English and

Karonese as a subject, object, and possessive functions based on the

positions and form.

E. The Significance of The Study

The finding out of this study is expected to give both theoretical and

practical contribution in contrastive analysis studies.

Theoretically, the finding out of this research is expected to develop the

sources in contrastive analysis studies, particulary on the Relative Pronouns

between English and Karonese.

Practically, the research will be useful for students who are interested to

learning about contrastive analysis. And the research will be an addition material

in studying the contrastive analysis in Relative Pronouns for the others who want

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

After analyzed the data, there are some similarities and differences of

Relative Pronouns between English and Karonese. They can be concluded as

below:

The Similarities:

1. Relative Pronouns in English and Karonese has the same class as Noun.

2. Relative Pronouns in English and Karonese has the same position in a

sentence, it can be: ‘after the subject or before the object’.

3. Relative Pronouns in English and Karonese have the same form, Si can be

used as subject, object, prepositions and possessive for People and Things.

4. It is possible to omit the Relative Pronouns in some certain sentences in

English and Karonese.

The Differences:

1. The use of comma in Relative Pronouns of English is important while in

Karonese the use of comma will not change the meaning of sentence.

2. Relative Pronouns in English are used based on their function. Who is

used as subject and refers into human beings, whom is used as the object

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used as the object and refers to things and that is used as subject or object.

While Relative Pronouns in Karonese “si” can be used as subject, object,

and possession.

B. Suggestions

In relation the conclusion, suggestions are presented as the following:

1. By knowing the similarities and differences of Relative Pronouns between

English and Karonese for those who teach or learn English in Karonese

regency and it can make better learning strategy to overcome the problems

in teaching English Relative Pronouns.

2. It is suggest to the readers to know about contrastive analysis and Relative

Pronouns between two or more languages.

3. This study can used for the others who want to do similar field of the

research as a previous.

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