INDONESIAN MARINE AQUACULTURE:
HATCHERIES AND AQUACULTURE SYSTEM
Mukti Sri Hastuti
ms_hastuti@yahoo.com
Directorate General of Aquaculture, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
IORA Trainer’s Training Programe on Marine Aquaculture Antananavario, Madagascar on 2-3 May 2016
• Increasing on fish demand in the national, regional, and global level;
• Environmental issues (ecosystem integrity, degradation soil and water quality, fish diseases outbreak, marine conservation);
• Climate change : impact to aquaculture (variability and long term impact);
• Food safety and traceability;
• Over carrying capacity (cage culture in public waters);
• More than 80% Fish farmers in Indonesia are small scale.
• Fish Genetic development to produce high quality of broodstock and SPR/SPF seed;
• Global market, ASEAN Economic Community 2016;
2
The Challenges
To Create Indonesia as Maritime State
which is to be autonomous,
Modern, and Strong State
based on National Importance
MISION of RPJMN
Vision of MMAF : “To Create Fisheries Sector to become autonomous, modern, and strong sector based on
National Importance
TRISAKTI (3 principles)
• Sovereign in politics.
• Independence in economic
• Strong character in culture
GOVERNMENT POLICY
1 (Sovereignity)
(Sustainability) (Prosperity) MISION OF MMAF
(3 pillars)
“The future of Aquaculture is in the sea”
Aquaculture in outer and border areas
Spatial planning, zonation, CBF, biosecurity, vaccine, etc
eco-friendly and profitable
technology, business partnership
Market
Aquaculture Resources
4
Sustainable aquaculture environment
Sustainable aquaculture
business
Process of aquaculture
business
• Regulation
• Data and information
• Infrastructure and facility
• Facilitation and technology and institutional guidance
• Public Service
• Stimulus (fiscal & monetary)
• Investment and capital
• Production
• Processing and marketing
• Innovation
• Increased competitiveness
• Compliance with regulation Sinergy
STRATEGIC ACTIVITY TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABILITY
Roles of government Roles of stakeholder
SINERGY IN ACHIEVING
SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT
• Indonesian Government promote the Aquaculture subsector contributor to national economic growth (increasing income, livelihood, food security, and prosperity);
• National Aquaculture subsector program promoted by MMAF:
- Develop Sustainable Aquaculture (Blue growth/Blue Economy);
- Promote Integrated Aquaculture Industry (Marine, brackish water, and freshwater aquaculture);
- Food safety ( National Residue Monitoring Program);
- National Certification (IndoGAP:CPIB,CBIB) to ensure the quality of product comply with national and internationaL standard market requirement;
- Promote environmentaly friendly technologies :
- Develop National Strategy on Fish health Management (diseases surveillance, biosecurity, fish drug control, and vaccination);
• Availability of resources for Aquaculture (Marine: off shore, coastal; Brackishwater, and Freshwater areas);
• Promote Indonesia as Axis of Maritime of the world.
5
The Opportunities
6 6 6
AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION 2011- 2015
*: temporary data
0 2,000,000 4,000,000 6,000,000 8,000,000 10,000,000 12,000,000
Shrimp Seaweed Finfish Ornamental fish (000 pcs)
372,577
5,170,201 2,386,185
945,376
415,703
6,514,854 2,744,975
938,472
642,568
9,298,474 3,359,864
1,137,836
639,369
10,076,992 3,642,769
1,140,988
729,753
11,680,053 5,057,231
1,540,900
2015*
2014 2013 2012 2011
Marine Aquaculture Production, 2014
Unit: Ton
No. Species Pond Cage Total
1 Crustacean 611.793 202 611.995 L. vannamei 428.905 - 428.905 P. monodon 129.231 - 129.231 P. semisulcatus 15.634 - 15.634 Lobster - 202 202 Others 38.023 - 38.023 2 Finfish 674.264 18.048 692.312 Grouper 1.977 11.369 13.346 Seabass 3.071 2.375 5.446 Milkfish 577.464 104 577.568 Silver pompano - 1.367 1.367 Tilapia 91.276 - 91.276 Others 476 2.833 3.309 3 Sea cucumber - 650 650 4 Mollucs - 44.394 44.394 5 Seaweed 1.105.529 10.574.524 11.680.053
Targeted Volume and Production Value from Aquaculture 2016 - 2019
No. COMMODITY 2016 2017 2018 2019
1 Seaweed (million ton) 11,1 13,4 16,2 19,5
2 Fish (million ton ) 8,4 9,4 10,6 11,8
Total (million Ton ) 19,5 22,8 26,8 31,3
Ornamental Fish (billion pcs) 1,9 2,1 2,3 2,5
Production value (Trlllion IDR) 192,5 217,2 243,5 274,0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
10.2 10.60 11.11 13.39 16.17 19.54
4.3 7.30 8.35
9.41
10.55
11.78
Ikan Rumput Laut
Nilai
8
Potential Area of Mariculture and Brackishwater aquaculture Map
Brakishwater:
Potency – 1,3 million ha Mariculture:
Potency – 8,33 million ha
YEAR Number of Regencies and
Cities Regencies and Cities
2015 11 Bintan (kerapu, rumput laut), Pesawaran (kerapu, rumput laut), Sumbawa (rumput laut), Sumba Timur (rumput laut), Kampar (patin, nila, mas), Agam (nila, mas), Muaro Jambi (patin, nila), Musi Rawas (mas, nila, lele), Bogor (lele), Banjar (patin ,nila, mas) dan Kota Jayapura (nila, mas).
2016 26
(15 more than the previous) Klungkung (rumput laut), Sikka (rumput laut), Kolaka (rumput laut, udang), Bireun (udang, bandeng, kerapu), Serdang Bedagai (lele, gurame), Pesisir Selatan (kerapu), Ogan Ilir (patin), Lampung Selatan (udang), Serang (bandeng, rumput laut), Indramayu (udang, bandeng), Banjarnegara (gurame, nila), Brebes (udang), Gresik (udang vaname), Tulung Agung (lele), dan Pangkep (udang windu).
2017 50
(24 more than the previous) Sumenep (rumput laut), Sumbawa Barat (rumput laut), Rote Ndao (rumput laut), Minahasa Utara (rumput laut), Bombana (rumput laut), Aceh Tenggara (mas , nila, lele), Kuantan Singingi, (patin, nila, mas), Pasaman (nila, mas, lele), Batanghari (patin, nila), Bengkulu Selatan (nila, mas), OKI (patin), Subang (udang), Banyumas (gurame), Demak (udang), Pati(udang), Sleman (mas, nila, lele), Blitar (ikan hias), Banyuwangi (udang), Kapuas (patin, nila), Hulu Sungai Utara (patin), Morowali (rumput laut, udang windu),, Muna (udang), Mamuju (rumput laut, udang, bandeng) dan Jeneponto (rumput laut)
2018 75
(25 more than the previous) Lembata (rumput laut), Donggala (rumput laut), Kep. Sula (rumput laut), Aceh Timur (udang, bandeng), Limapuluh Kota (gurame), Bengkulu Utara (mas, nila, lele), OKU Timur (lele), Tulang Bawang (udang), Tangerang (udang), Karawang (udang), Boyolali (lele), Klaten (nila), Pemalang (udang), Jepara (udang, kerapu), Kendal (udang), Probolinggo (udang), Tuban (udang), Bima (udang),, Sambas (udang, bandeng), Penajam Paser Utara (bandeng), Kota Tarakan (bandeng), Gorontalo Utara (rumput laut, udang), Polewali Mandar (rumput laut), Pinrang (udang, bandeng, rumput laut), dan Takalar (rumput laut)
2019 100
(25 more than the previous) Kota Kupang (rumput laut), Nunukan (rumput laut), Parigi Moutong (rumput laut), Tojo Una Una (rumput laut), Pidie Jaya (udang), Dharmasraya (nila), Kota Bengkulu (lele), OKU Selatan (patin), Banyuasin (patin), Belitung (kerapu), Lampung Timur (udang), Purwakarta (nila, mas, patin), Rembang (udang), Kota Pekalongan (udang), Lamongan (udang vaname), Sidoarjo (udang), Pasuruan (udang), Situbondo (udang), Singaraja (kerapu), Lombok Tengah (udang), Lombok Barat (nila, mas), Kutai Kertanegara (udang, bandeng), Konawe Selatan (udang, bandeng, rumput laut), Maros (udang windu) dan Bone (rumput laut)
ROAD MAP
Sustainable Aquaculture Development in 100 Center Area and Outer Islands (Minapolitan)
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Mariculture development
11
Marine aquaculture Development in Indonesia (Plan : 2016-2019)
MALUKU Seram Bagian
Barat LAMPUNG
Pesawaran
Sumbawa NTB
MALUKU UTARA Kepulauan Sula
Morotai
KEPPRI Bintan
PAPUA Yapen
SULTRA Bombana
Kolaka SULTENG
Parigi Moutong Tojo Una-una
Donggala
SULUT Minahasa
Utara
DKI JAKARTA KEP. Seribu
BANGKABELITUNG Belitung
Utilize 5.500 ha of Ocean Concervation Areas.
ACEH Semelue
SUMBAR Pesisir Selatan
Sumba Timur NTT Lembata
Sikka
PAPUA BARAT Raja Ampat
BALI Klungkung
Grouper Pompano
Marine aquaculture Species
Asian Seabass
Ornmental fish
COBIA
12
Sea horse
HYBRID GROUPER
CANTANG TIKTANG
KUSTANG
CANTIK
Source: Agus Suriawan & AB Muslim, 2013
HATCHERY
(Eggs, 3 cm, 10-12 cm)
Segment 2 (3-10/12 cm)
Segment I (Eggs-3 cm)
Segment 3
(10/12 cm-500/1200 g)
Government Private Company
≈
B A C K Y A R D
H A T C H E R Y
POND/CAGE
GROUPER PRODUCTION PROCESS Broodstock
Breeding Facility
Nursery/Larva
rearing 2-3 months
2 months
6-7 months
High Value for Seaweed
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Euchema cottonii
Kappa Carageenan producers Lambda Carageenan producers
Haliminea sp
Alginate producers
Sargassum
Agar producers
Gracillaria sp
Biofuel and Pulp
Gelidium amanzii and Ptylophora sp.
Potential Species for Marine aquaculture
PEARL OYSTER GREEN MUSSEL ABALONE
SWIMMING CRAB ARTEMIA
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SEA CUCUMBER
Certification GHcP
Certification GAP
Fish Feed Registration Fish Drug
Registration
Residue Monitoring
Official Control on Quality Assurance and Food
Safety System of Aquaculture in Indonesia
Competent Autority for Quality Assurance and Food Safety System of Fishery Product
TM Certification &
Laboratory
Quality Manager & Deputy Manager
FQIA- CA [Top Manager]
FQQM Body
DG Aquaculture DG Capture
CA Prov, Lab & Quarantine Station
Delegation
TM Fish Quarantine
TM Fish Health & Env
TM Production (GAP Cert & Fish Feed Reg) TM Hatchery
TM Fishing Harbour TM Fishing Vessel Approval Commision
Ministry of MAF
PRINCIPLES of IndoGAP
Biosecurity: practices to minimize the disease risk
contaminating facilities and to prevent spreading from one zone to another (free-zone)
Food safety: prevent contamination of biological,
chemical or physical substances which are harmful for human health, from air, soil, water, seed, feed, fertilizer, and other source, in all process (pre-production,
production, harvesting, handling and transportation/distribution)
Environmental Friendly: minimize the impact of
development and operation of aquaculture farm to the
environment
1. LOCATION
2. WATER SUPLAY
3. LAYOUT and DESIGN 4. HYGIENE of FACILITIES and
EQUIPMENT
5. POND PREPARATION 6. WATER MANAGEMENT 7. SEED
8. FISH FEED
9. FISH DRUGS, CHEMICALS &
DANGEROUS SUBSTANCE
10. USE OF ICE and WATER 11. HARVEST
12. FISH HANDLING 13. TRANSPORTASION 14. WASTE DISPOSAL 15. RECORD KEEPING 16. CORRECTIVE ACTION 17. TRAINING
18. PERSONNEL HYGIENE
CRITERIA for IndoGAP STANDARD
Elements of IndoGAP
Proper management control on pre Production, production, post harvest, distribution.
Prevention of contamination to product: input, facilities, measures, workers.
Certification of hatchery.
Registration of feed.
Registration of fish drugs, chemical & biological substances.
Monitoring of residue & other hazardous content in product.
Traceability.
IndoGAP CERTIFICATION PROCEDURE
DG AQUACULTURE/Head of Provincial Fisheries Office (who received the delegation)
FISH/SHRIMP FARMS
(Individual, Fish Farmers Group or Company) AUDITOR
AUDIT
3
Issue of GAP Certificate
5
SURVEILLANCE &
VERIFICATION
6
AUDIT REPORT
4
ASSIGN AUDITORS
2
Form Application
1
7
SURVEILLANCE &
VERIFICATION REPORT
SURVEILLANCE and VERIFICATION
Surveillance is done minimum once a year by Supervisor Team – DGA;
Verification is done at least a month before the certificate expires :
• Extent of GAP certificate is given if fish farms consistently implementation of GAP;
• Certificate will be repeal, if the verification result,
the fish farms does not consistently implementation
of GAP.
NUMBER of FASILITATOR and AUDITORS
Fasilitator:
- Carrying out extension of GAP - There is at provincial and district
levels
- 630 facilitators
Auditor:
- Conduct audits of GAP certification - Head Office 39 auditors, TIUs 58
auditors and province 380 auditors
Certificate Issuance
• Certificate of GAP is published by DGA
• Time period of certificate : a. Level I : 4 years b. Level II : 3 years c. level III : 2 Year
d. Level IV : No pass and no certificate
Household:
429,912d
GAP Certified of Fish/Shrimp Farms
No Type of Fish Farms Up to 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total
1 Individual 42 40 143 992 1,323 2,323 2,437 7,300 2 Farmer Groups 10 13 88 163 179 454 327 1,234 3 Company 72 37 25 35 34 17 32 252 Total 124 90 256 1,190 1,536 2,794 2,796 8,786
- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
Up to
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Individual Farmer Groups Company
GAP Certified of Fish Farms by Commodity (Units)
No. Commodity 2004-2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total
1 Shrimp 86 38 70 94 272 320 528 463
1,871 2 Tilapia -
- 17 67 288 335 680 592
1,979 3 Grouper -
-
- 11 17 43 18 84
173 4 Seabass -
- 1 2 - 2 3 2
10 5 Seaweed -
-
- 3 51 183 398 337
972 6 Catfish -
- 2 45 362 351 657 758
2,175 7 Milkfish -
-
- 1 47 83 116 63
310 8 Carp -
-
- 7 71 122 118 232
550 9 Gourame -
-
- 23 51 60 207 212
553 10 Macrobrachium -
-
- 2 12 16 18 18
66
11 Others 0 0 0 1 20 20 51 35
127 Total 86
38
90
256
1,191
1.535
2,794
2,796 8,786
Fish Hatchhery Certified, Fish Drug and Fish Feed Registered
649 units hatchery certified 77 units marine hatcheries
(2015)
267 fish drug, chemical &
biological substance registered (2015)
1,030 fish feed registered (2014)
Household:
24,728
Number of Fish Feed Registered
No Items Up to
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*) Total 1 Type 185 241 155 200 149 100 1.030 2 Company - 14 23 15 29 32 64
Quality
Fish Feed SNI for
Fish Feed
Fish Feed Registered
Fish Feed Registered by Commodity
No Fish Feed by
Commodity s/d 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total
1 Vanammei shrimp 43 115 15 42 14 12 241
2 Black tiger shrimp 2 20 7 8 0 1 38
3 Eel 3 0 0 0 6 6 15
4 Carp 19 13 3 29 6 4 74
5 Tilapia 8 2 11 16 14 4 55
6 Catf fish 21 14 19 28 24 9 115
7 Pangasius 2 0 1 5 4 2 14
8 Gourame 8 0 1 5 4 5 23
9 Pompano 0 9 0 0 2 0 11
10 Milkfish 5 2 7 12 7 0 33
11 Grouper 0 0 13 7 16 4 40
12 Seabass 0 0 9 8 4 1 22
13 Ornamental fish 44 52 33 29 38 17 213
14 Fry 3 0 7 0 6 33 49
15 Lobster 0 0 0 8 0 0 8
16 Broodstock 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
17 Others 7 14 29 3 4 0 57
Total 185 241 155 200 149 100 1.030
Ongoing Preparation for Aquaculture Develoment
• Regulation for business and invesment;
• Guideline for detailed spatial planning on aquaculture;
• Appropriate infrastructure;
• Availability of high quality broodstock and seed;
• Production system based on biotechnology;
• Reliable human resources arrangement;
• Processing and marketing innovation;
• Innovation and develop technology for waste management.
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