Indonesian Broadcasting Policy: Achieving Educated and Civilized Society for Social Welfare.

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SOCIOLOGY AND POLICY PRACTICES

IN CONTEMPORARY ISSUES

Edited by:

Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin Centre for Socioglobal Studies

Padjadjaran University

Foreword by: Dr. Arry Bainus MA

Dean, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Padjadjaran University

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ii Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues

SOCIOLOGY AND POLICY PRACTICES IN CONTEMPORARY ISSUES

First Published May, 2015

Published By

Penerbit Samudra Biru (Member of IKAPI) Jomblangan Gg. Ontoseno Blok B No 15 Rt 12/30 Banguntapan Bantul Yogyakarta Indonesia 55198 Telp. (0274) 9494 558

E-mail/FB: psambiru@gmail.com

ISBN: 978-602-9276-55-8

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Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Ali Maksum, is a Ph.D candidate at the Centre for Policy Research and International Studies (CenPRIS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang. His current project is about the Indonesia-Malaysia relations from defensive realism perspective. He has written articles have been published in such publisher as Kajian Malaysia: Journal of Malaysian Studies, Springer (ISI), Indonesia national newspapers and conferences.

Arry Bainus, Ph.D is a senior lecturer at Department of International Relation Padjadjaran University. He recived his doctoral degree in University of Indonesia. He focuses his studies on issues arround national security and defence, including political study on Indonesian Army. Now he is a dean at Faculty of Social and Political Science Padjadjaran University

Ari Ganjar Herdiansah, Ph.D is a lecturer at Department of Sociology Padjadjaran University. In 2014 he received his doctoral degree in political sociology at University of Malaya, Malaysia. His main academic concerns are political sociology of Islamic society, political communication, and the politics of community.

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vi Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues

Fitaha Aini, MA, is a communication lecturer in Indonesia. She has published book and journals in the ield of communication and media. In 2013, she published her irst book entitled Kebebasan Akhbar Malaysia-Indonesia. She completed her study in Science University of Malaysia (Persuasive Communication) in 2008 and University of Malaya (Media Studies) in 2011. Her previous research was evaluation of communication programs (2009-2014) and formulation of communication policy (2015-2019) in Indonesia under the Ministry of National Development Planning.

Forina Lestari, M.Sc. obtained B.Sc.Eng. (ITB, 2006), MSc in Housing, School of Housing, Building and Planning, University of Science Malaysia (USM, 2008).Lecturer at Indonesian Institute of Technology (ITI). She has published a book: Alam Takambang Jadi Guru: Merajut Kearifan Lokal dalam Penanggulangan Bencana di Sumatera. Consultant and expertise at Directorate of Rural and Urban Afairs, Indonesia National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas) and Directorate General of Spatial Planning, Ministry of Public Works(2013), Directorate General of Regional Development Assistance, Ministry of Home Afairs and Expert, Deputy of the Area Development, Ministry of Public Housing (2012), Expert Staf, Commission V (Infrastructure), he Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR, 2011).Junior Expert, Directorate of Rural and Urban Afairs, Indonesia National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas, 2010).

Kumarashwaran VadeveluMSW is a Ph.D scholar at the Social Work Programme, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. His current Ph.D studies regarding social support system among youth who identiied as transgender women dealing with HIV/AIDS issues. Currently, he’s working as an outreach worker with AIDS Action and Research Group (AARG), Universiti Sains Malaysia under the programme of Needle and Syringe Exchange Program (NSEP) which is dealing with the drug user community.

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Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, MA and Ph.D. from University of Malaya. He is a leturer at Departement of Social Welfare (1982-2011) and Departement of Sociology (2011-present), Head Departement of Sociology in Faculty Social and Political Science, Padjadjaran University (2014- present). Visiting Associate Professor at University of Malaya (2008) and Visiting Associate Professor at Univerisiti Sains Malaysia (2012- present).

Syarif Muhidin, Prof. Dr., obtained his Ph.D. from University of Pedjadjaran (UNPAD) Bandung (1997), Master of Science from University of Wales (1979), Diploma in Social Policy & Administration from University College of Swansea (1977). Currently, he is Visiting Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), prior as Visiting Lecturer at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 2010-2012, and formerly as the Head of Research Institute of University of Langlangbuana (UNLA), last he is a Honorable Member (Dewan Kehormat) of the Institute for Social Work Sertiication of Indonesia (2012-up to the present).

Tahcya Muhamad, R. A. Drs. MSi is a senior lecturer at Department of Sociology Padjadjaran University.He is expert in sociology of family and rural community.

Tia Devianty, S.IP., MPA, is a PhD candidates at Universitas Padjadjaran, and a master’s degree graduate from Public Policy, Faculty of Public Policy and Management, Flinders University, Australia. Now, a lecturer at Ahmad Yani University, Bandung - from september 1996 – present Teaching, Researching, and Public Servicing.Current Researches are mainly about Capacity Building For Decentralization (2008-now).

Tofan Rakhmat Zaky, S.Ip MA is a researcher at the Department of International and Strategic Studies, Universiti Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. He is activist in Art Movement in Malaysia.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah. hanks to Allah SWT, whom with His willing giving me the opportunity to complete this book entitled Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues. he publication of this book would not have been possible without the guidance and knowlwdge wich I have acquired from my honourable professors; Professor A.D Saefullah - University of Padjadjaran and Professor Abd. Hadi Zakaria - University of Malaya. I would also like to dedicate this book to my beloved wife, Tuty Tohri and our lovely children Tofan Rakhmat Zaky, Forina Lestari, Fitaha Aini and Tamal Arief Ihsan - their support in my life.

he publication of this book would not be possible without the assistance and cooperation that we have received over the years from the many individuals and organization in various parts of the world. In particular, we wish to thank our team, all authors - Department of Sociology Padjadjaran University and Universiti Sains Malaysia. Specially thanks especially to Ali Maksum for his excellent assistance during the editorial process of this book. Dr. Arry Bainus the Dean of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Padjadjaran University.All of my Masters-PhD students and colleagues at Padjadjaran University as well as USM whom I would like to thanked for providing continuous support towards my success.

Wassalam.

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FOREWORD

Dr. Arry Bainus, MA

Dean, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences

Padjadjaran University

I would like to express my sincere wishes to Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, PhD as Head Department of Sociology Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Padjadjaran University for his great dedication and success in completing this book titled “Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues”. his is a very interesting and important book which I personally feel able to impart more knowledge to the many academics, not only from sociology and political ields, but also from other ields as well. he various issues addressed in this book are in fact very much current issues that is happening around the globe, which need to be understand and scrutinize for better intervention.

I am really honoured to be given the opportunity to give a foreword to this special book. It is hoped that this book able to generate more discussions and awareness on quest for searching for the more relevant solutions to all social, political and economic issues occurring around us today.

I would like to congratulate all chapter contributors for sharing their ideas and knowledge, which I am sure able to set platform for more writers to venture into the highlighted issues. I sincerely hope that more of this book kind will be published in the near future.

hank you. Wassalam.

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INTRODUCTION

In the Name of God, the Most Gracioeus, the Most Merciful

his book provides a thematic issues and challenges in the new era, Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues. he main objective is to present an integrated analysis of how the discipline of sociology can contribute to our wider understanding of the variety of social and political issues, practices and insttitutions approachs, policies and philosophy wich exist in our society and countries. his explanatory chapters expected to examine and understand as well as ofer choices for human beings in the dinamics world to build a human harmony.

his book depart from the point of view that sociology is as applied social and political sciences can contribute to the development of human life through many perspectives; political and international strategy, culture, history, communi-cation, poverty and social probles. he various theme have been selected are discussed from social fenomena to policy directions.

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and the countries in ASEAN should build strong partnership in all sectors especially migrant workers which seen obtain small attention. Facing the ASEAN Community 2015 both countries should prepare as maximize as possible by empowering all aspects including migrant workers. By take positive action towards migrant workers both countries indirectly has contribute to the development of “Ummah.”

In the thrird chapter discusses communication strategy through media education: an efort to achieve harmony and sustainability in Indonesia-Malaysia relations - concludes a guidance should be provided to the public so that they can be more critical and wise in dealing with any negative news. A critical community is a community who is able to diferentiate the written and hidden message of writing. A wise community is the one who is not provoked by provocative and negative news. Indonesian and Malaysian should be aware that each of them has had a signiicant contribution one to another. A good example can be seen through the assistant of Malaysian people in the disaster recovery process in Indonesia and the existence of Indonesia migrant workers in the Malaysia’s economic development. However, Indonesia-Malaysia rela-tions is always changing and tend to lead to conlict situations. he role of media and media educationis importantas a communication strategy to implement the problem solving modelin understanding the global situation and the public policies who are based theory of cultural conlict and acculturation. Chapter fourth, the author emphasized Indonesian Culture Heritages in the 21St_Century. his section concludes that hird World back to dig the philosophical values that are in each country. For instance, the basic values of the Indonesian nation is relected in the ive principles of Pancasila namely the divinity in God Almighty, humanity, unity and nationality, deliberation and social justice for all people. he problem is how to translate basic values into the concept of development and preserve cultural heritage. Apparently, the third world thinkers have to work harder to formulate a philosophical values - ideological cultural heritage as part of the great nations of the world.herefore, the cultural heritages is an essential economic asset in facing the escalation of human development.

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Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues of democracy, resulting in crafting a uniied republic out of a multi ethnic Nepal. Chapter six explores the broadcast media industry and the role model or best practice in the broadcast media industry. his concept is suitable due to it contains freedom which is up-to-date without abandoning the values of religion, culture and national spirit. Overall, Indonesia requires an (endogenous) big push to strengthen and institutionalize the use of research product for design and implementation of public policies. his will be a crucial factor in determining the success of the welfare policies that the government is currently designing.

In the chapter seven related with poverty phenomena. However, these historical problems did not result in serious poverty under the well planned economic system. he number of poor people inherited from the previous period was also relatively small. In addition, the struggle of urban poor communities in Malaysia for housing and land rights is closely related to the development and history of the country. After the British colonial period, Malaysia’s priority was to develop its economy by focusing on the manufacturing and export industry in urban areas. his resulted when people from rural areas migrating from village to the city, in search of opportunities and to ill the workforce demand. Most of the urban migrants would build their own house near the manufacturing factories, because the surrounding lands were unoccupied and unused. With hard work and their own resources they would clean the area (wilderness) and build houses; this would encourage the development in the area and hence they are known as urban pioneers.

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research, it is expected that the people of Malaysia be aware especially in spending the time with their children or less able to prevent their children’s involvement in crime. Finally, researchers expect this research can provide as important reference material for dealing with negative behavior such as criminal involvement among adolescents in Malaysia.

his book examines the social and political fenomena in the broader “Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues” perspective. It is compiled from travelers and knowledge experiences in international seminars, talks and forum of researchers, supervisions and other discussion with my professors and colleagues, PhD and Master students. hat experiences, together with their personal values and interests extremely inluence to all authors in this book. Personally, I hope that those who engage and read this book will obtain fruitful knowledge. All errors are the author’s responsibility.

Wassalam.

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Indonesian Broadcasting Policy READERS GUIDE

his chapter argues that the disputable regulations which govern the broadcasting industry are not more than business entities and parties’ political tools. Indonesian broadcasting system in the post-Reformation era demonstrates the freedom of media through the existences of Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI) as an independent agency. Nevertheless, achieving an ideal democratic broadcasting system for social welfare has not been straight forward. It should ensure the diversity of content, diversity of ownership and diversity of voices. In Indonesian context, establishing those diversities have becoming increasingly important, considering geographical and

Chapter

6

Indonesian Broadcasting Policy:

Achieving Educated and Civilized Society for

Social Welfare

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78 Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues

sociological conditions of Indonesian society. Moreover, the power of the liberal-capitalist approach which is eminent in the context of media freedom is unsuitable if it were to be totally implemented in Indonesia. It was proven that diversiication of ownership which led to diversiied content does not guarantee a more knowledgeable society. Referring to the data which show the domination of music and entertainment in private radios had resulted in diminishing of other programs that have enormous potential to form an educated and civilized society.

DEMOCRATIZE BROADCASTING: CURRENT SITUATION AND ISSUES

he spirit of democratized broadcasting which is stated in the Indonesian Broadcasting Act No.32 (2002) is relatively pleasing. Nevertheless, there are still some sign of weaknesses which hinder this democratized broadcasting could not be properly implemented. Indonesia has an independent agency, Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI), that manage national broadcasting issues. However, its main authority is only limited to monitoring broadcasted content. Broadcasting administration and licensing are still under government’s scope (Ministry of Communication and Informatics). he duality in this regulatory control is clearly not serving democratic broadcasting any favor. Although licensing depends on KPI’s recommendation, however, in practice, that is not the case. Various violations have occurred which resulted in ownership of television stations being narrowed by only a handful of people. Buying and selling share occurs due to weak regulators.

On the other hand, development of communications technology has increased extremely. Meanwhile, there are so many issues that have not been able to be answered by the Broadcasting Act No. 32 of 2002. Digitalization of broadcasting has not been properly addressed by the broadcasting law which resulted in confusions during the implementation phase. herefore, the amendemend of broadcasting law remains an urgent agenda with the spirit of democracy rests on broadcasting as already laid its foundations in the Broadcasting Act No. 32 2002.

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Indonesian Broadcasting Policy be used as much as possible for the prosperity and welfare of the people. Secondly, radio frequencies of which they use to broadcast are public space. Demand for frequency channels is signiicantly larger than that available frequencies. Despite the advanced technology capable of making more utilized frequency broadcast channels, but they remain limited.

hirdly, it is pervasive. Programs broadcasted by electronic media can access private spaces, expanded and spread rapidly to other spaces uninvited. Besides the three main reasons above, a democratic broadcasting system should ensure the diversity of content, diversity of ownership and diversity of voices. In Indonesian context, ensuring that diversity has becoming increasingly important, considering geographical and sociological conditions of Indonesian society.

In terms of diversity of content, in 2012, government radio programs were dominated by music by 37.14% and news by 34.29%. While private radio stations have also featured programs include 73.3% of music and 10:23% of news. Government featured a balance range of entertainment and news programs, whereas in the private radio, music was featured extensively.

Chart 1

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Indonesian Broadcasting Policy Chart 2

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Broadcasted programs such as soap operas and football matches are the programs that are likely to get high ratings. Meanwhile, talk show only got low rating. A high rating can make programs receive abundant ofer of advertisements, which consequently will beneit media inancially from these advertisements. his is contrary to the process of educating audience. A media practitioner, Budi, said:

“TV is still a reference point for the community. TV pro-grams such as football matches, F1 and soap operas always get high ratings. hese programs can easy achieve rating of 20-25 from Nelson and are assured to get at least 15 of rating. Rating is advertisement. Advertising is money. It is very contradictory to the process of educating the public. Talk shows, just obtain a rating of 7. hough this program is a positive form of journalism. “(Workshop, December broadcast. Broadcasting activities are geared to attract advertising and determine the feasibility of the programs through market tastes and rating. he rise of mystical shows, pornography, infotainment and reality show is one of the dominant impact of market considerations in determining the broadcast material.

he dilemmatic problem of broadcasting, especially television, is competing in reaching the audience through ratings and shares. If the rating and share as a reference in the preparation of the agenda, it will be more of television text which feature a low taste with full of entertainment elements. Even news programs that should promote the ideals aspects, positive values and norms are focusing on rating and share by modifying news content in order to further entertain and reach audience as much as possible.

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Indonesian Broadcasting Policy Table 1

Percentage Broadcasting Company by Legal Entity / Company / Licens-ing (Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, 2012)

Category Legal/Company/Licensing Total

Private Radio 99,45 - 0,55 - 100,00

Government

he table above shows the diversity of media ownership in Indonesia. In the context of broadcasting company, private broadcasters, both radio and television were held by institutions that are legal entities PT (Private Limited) were 99.45% for private radio and 97.5% for private television. However, the dynamics of media ownership issues arise when the dominance of the interests of media owners who always put the interests of shareholders and owners rather than the public interest.

BROADCASTING A MEANS FOR PRESERVING HEGEMONY OF ELITE GROUPS

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etc., although in this statement there is no delivery of the vision and mission as well as the vote number. his violation not only through advertising alone, but also the abuse of broadcast media through campaign in news.

After 2014 elections, KPI evaluated to all broadcasters, both private and public regarding the principle of independence. Because it is a benchmark that political education for the public and the media goes well. According to Deputy Chairman of the KPI, Idy Muzayyad, safety or ire wall that separates the newsroom with the business as well as related interest must be maintained despite the broadcasters owned by political party leaders. he diagram below shows a comparison of radio programs broadcast on government and private radio.

Gramsci (1971) has detailed this process as preserving the cultural and ideological ‘hegemony’ of elite groups in society, which in turn will ensure the stability of the capitalist system and impede socioeconomic change. As such, mass media can be perceived as tools used by the upper classes and by extension the state, to forge social consent over polarizing issues by actively intervening in public space and shaping public opinion. Social perceptions are then ‘steered’ appropriately and a certain social consciousness is formed through exaggerated journalistic accounts (i.e., facial expressions, body dramatic music and a highly emotive rhetorical language), supposedly venting the already present - but actually just then created - public demand requiring those in power to ‘do something about this’ (McRobbie & hornton 1995). If such strategies are followed by government legislative action, then the public’s ‘rational, well-founded fears or outrage’ can be alleviated. he media can promote images of strong government and leadership which acted decisively, enhancing the political system’s ability to presumably maintain a free, democratic, but ‘civilized’ and ‘orderly’ society, and should be supported to ensure society’s present and future. hus, media legitimize their own truth representations as indisputable reality, airming the power of constructed discourse conferring ‘ideological legitimation’ and imposing ‘discipline’ to applied policies (Bourdieu 1991; Foucault et al. 1991; Foucault 1980).

Furthermore, Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas) in collaboration with Ministry of Communication and Informatics should lead the road map of the media development in Indonesia, so there is room to hoodwink the media by loading or broadcast advertisements with messages of national character. Ermiel said:

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Indonesian Broadcasting Policy control resulting in an inluential authority. Now people are looking for information in google. Bappenas should be a ‘lead shepherd’. he media especially television, are really cheating. It would be great if media industry can provide 5% of public frequency to broad-cast an announcements or advertisements about national character. Space for media empowerment, by loading or broadcasting an ad-vertisements with messages of the national character. “(Workshop, December 2, 2013)

Indonesian society is a pluralistic society and therefore broadcasting media must relect the aforementioned plurality. his is only possible if the broadcasting system is properly decentralized. Broadcasters can engage in national broadcast, but must be networked with limited ownership and broadcast range. In some countries, the ownership and broadcast coverage area are limited so that, diversity of ownership and content can be controlled. In United States, a person or a legal entity can own as much as possible as long as the broadcaster range does not exceed 39% of the nation’s TV homes or TV’s household. While in Australia, limiting the range based on the population that is covered by the broadcasting organizations, i.e a maximum of 75%.

Indonesia does have diferent characteristics from those two countries. However, Indonesia should be able to learn from these countries, especially in terms of ownership and restrictions on media coverage. his is because, based on empirical studies on the practice of broadcasting in Indonesia, broadcasters tend to be centralized which could be a serious threat to democracy. On the other hand, the democratization of broadcasting must also maintain a balance between private broadcasters, public broadcasters, and community broadcasters. Currently, private broadcasters are much more dominant than their public and community counterparts. Public broadcasters do not get adequate support from the state so that they have shown weak transformation from government agencies into the public broadcaster. In fact, in a democratic state, the existences of public broadcasters are important because it can balance the private broadcasters which are proit-oriented. Meanwhile, community agencies for broadcasting statute enacted in a state marginal. he licensing process is imposed equally as of private broadcasters.

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broadcasting is due to the absence of a progressive regulatory agencies. For that reason, there should be an independent regulatory agency and the progressive democratization of broadcasting can be secured and maintained. KPI, in this case, should be given that role. he government may still be involved in regulation, but merely to grant or revoke a license to use a radio frequency wave spectrum based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

BROADCAST POLICY: A ROAD MAP TO SOCIAL WELFARE

From the above descriptions, a number of recommend actions are presented in this academic paper. Based on this assessment, the priority legislation should include the following:

Legislation should be drafted based on the spirit of democracy 1.

which ensure diversity of ownership, diversity of content, and a diversity of voices. his must be imposed by law.

Diversity is only possible, especially in the context of Indonesia, if 2.

the broadcasting system developed is decentralized and networked. herefore, there are three issues that must be done and translated into legislation, namely (1) ownership restrictions and coverage range of private broadcasters; (2) strict rules where if private broadcasters are to broadcast nationally, they should be networked; (3) for democracy, center of network should not be only stationed in Jakarta but can spread throughout Indonesia.

Regulators must be independent. herefore, position, role, and 3.

functions of KPIs that have been mandated by the Broadcasting Act No. 32 in 2002 as the regulator should be strengthened. In this case, the KPI should be the only single regulator of broadcasting in Indonesia. KPI should be allowed to issue regulations to implement broadcasting in Indonesia in consolidation with other three pillars.

he government is still involved in regulating, but limited to permit/ 4.

revoke the use of radio frequency spectrum.

Strengthening of the public broadcaster and the community as a 5.

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Indonesian Broadcasting Policy to better serve the entire public in Indonesia.

Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) station should be built at the borders because there is competition of radio requency between Indonesia-Malaysia radios. Stephen from (RRI) says:

“RRI do not have radio station at the borders. his radio station was built with what it is in the border area. What is happening today is a competition to raise the frequency in Indonesia-Malaysia border. “(Focus Group Discussion, July 17, 2013)

he revitalization of public company should be conducted immediately by Indonesia’s goverment, due to the current public broadcasting is under quality so that Indonesia does not have the best mark in the public broadcaster as other countries. Yanuar, media expert, said:

“We do not have bestmark because we do not have enough quality of public broadcasters. Consequently, public broadcasters revitalization agenda becomes important. “(Interview, December 4, 2013)

In addition, the development of digital technology is inevitable, 6.

and clearly will provide a challenge for broadcasting in Indonesia. herefore, it is necessary to further study and conduct mapping of digital-related issues in Indonesia, to then be used in reining the legislation for the broadcaster. In this case, digitization should remain in favor of the public interest and to prevent the concentration of broadcast ownership.

herefore, these developments could not have been accomplished without the inluence of mainstream mass media. he media have long been embedded in society’s fabric and social reality is experienced through the cultural dynamics of language, communication and imagery (Gamson et al., 1992). Social meanings are inextricably interconnected with representation and thus ‘accounts of reality’ are already representations of meaning-construction processes, which people activate in order to form perceptions of what the ‘real issues’ are (McRobbie & hornton, 1995).

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the landscape for the broadcast media industry in Indonesia. he ICMA is tasked with ensuring media and communications works for all Indonesians. It does this through various legislation, regulations, standards and codes of practice. he ICMA is a ‘converged’ regulator, created to oversee the convergence of the four ‘worlds’ of telecommunications, broadcasting, radio communications and the internet.

Figure 5

Diagram of ICMA Role in Indonesia

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Indonesian Broadcasting Policy out sincerely for the sake of mapping digitization issues in Indonesia and media policy in favor of the public.

Greta Nielsen (2010) argues that Indonesia appears to be sufering from stagnation in this regard as the government is dissatisied with the quality or applicability of research to policy making. Petrarca Karetji (2010) says that this country does not lack in knowledge sector institutions and structures. he deicit lies in efective collaboration between stakeholders, a problem stemming from Indonesia’s decades of authoritarian government, when the state did not help develop a policy and funding framework to support high quality social science research. Oey-Gardiner and Sejahtera (2012) suggests that the government ‘…takes the driver’s seat and allocates signiicant resources to develop and allow a knowledge sector to become a signiicant source for social and economic improvements in society.’

Lastly, religious and culture in charge of overseeing this case and instilling moral values , religious, cultural and national commitment. Indonesian broadcasting has three articles that underscores the protection of the values and local culture. Under this system, broadcast companies are required to broadcast local content of at least 10 per cent of all the broadcast duration per day. With the rules of the existence of local content is expected to not only provide the local growth of the broadcasting industry, but also the conservation of culture and local wisdom. In the end, the broadcast media in Indonesia could act as a conlict suppressor, media that foster the spirit of patriotism and the emphasis on unity and cohesion.

herefore, the four pillars must make eforts that can restore the broadcast media industry in Indonesia. he actions undertaken by the four pillars, among others:

1. Revitalization of Public Broadcasting Institution (LPP).

Efort, process, or means to revive and reactivate LPP, namely TVRI (television) and RRI (radio). In this regard, Indonesia can follow the eforts of countries in Scandinavian Nations in creating LPP that educate and empower the public.

2. Defragmentize Private Broadcasting Institution (LPS).

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3. Optimization and facilitation of Community Broadcasting Institution (LPK)

An efort to maximize the role and functions of LPK and provide facilities to support the activities of broadcasting. By implemented these actions, the government can listen to the needs of local communities, creating justice in the dissemination of information from the government for all the people of Indonesia. Case studies in India show that the internet facility provided by the Indian government to broadcasters in particular community radio is able to strengthen public access to information.

4. Research about media supporting the advancement of science and technology in broadcasting industry.

he development of digital technology is clearly a challenge for broadcasting in Indonesia. he existence of research conducted speciically to examine media, information, and communication (inbox) and other multidisciplinary research related to broadcast media (outbox) is expected to respond to these challenges. hus, these actions will be giving Indonesia the broadcast media landscape become free and air, synergy , innovative and civilized

By doing so, the broadcast media industry overview will become he Role Model or Best Practice in the broadcast media industry. his concept is said to be suitable because it contains freedom which is up-to-date without abandoning the values of religion, culture and national spirit. Overall, Indonesia requires an (endogenous) big push to strengthen and institutionalize the use of research and data analysis for the design and implementation of public policies. his will be a crucial factor in determining the success of the welfare policies that the government is currently designing.

REFERENCES

Bourdieu (1991) Language and symbolic power.Harvard University Press.

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Indonesian Broadcasting Policy Cherian George (2013) he Unknowing Of Public Knowledge. [online].

Avail-able from: http://mediaasia.info/ [Accessed 14th_{November 2014]}

Foucault M (1980) Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972-1977, Ed. C. Gordon. New York: Pantheon, 90.

Foucault M, Burchell G, Gordon C And Miller P, (Eds.) (1991) he Foucault ef-fect: Studies in governmentality. University of Chicago Press.

Gamson W A, Croteau D, Hoynes W And Sasson T, (1992) Media images and the social construction of reality. Annual review of sociology, Vol. 18, Issue 1, p. 373-393. [doi://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so. 18.080192.002105]

Gramsci A (1971) Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci: Ed. and Transl. by Quintin Hoare and Geofrey Nowell Smith. G. Now-ell-Smith, & Q. Hoare (eds.). International Publishers.

Karetji, Petrarca (2010) Overview of he Indonesian Knowledge Sector Mile-stone 8. Final Report, AusAID, Canberra: AusAID

Mayling Oey-Gardiner (2012) In Search of an Identity for the DRN. Final Re-port, AusAID, Canberra: AusAID

Mcrobbie A and horton S L, (1995) Rethinking ‘moral panic’ for multi-medi-ated social worlds.British Journal of Sociology, p.559-574. [doi://dx.doi. org/10.2307/591571]

Indonesian Broadcasting Policy: Achieving Educated and Civilized Society for Social Welfare.

SOCIOLOGY AND POLICY PRACTICES

IN CONTEMPORARY ISSUES

CONTENTS

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

FOREWORD

Dr. Arry Bainus, MA

Dean, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences

Padjadjaran University

INTRODUCTION

Chapter

6

Indonesian Broadcasting Policy:

Achieving Educated and Civilized Society for

Social Welfare