vii
ABSTRAK
Biodiesel dapat diproduksi dari baik minyak nabati maupun minyak hewani melalui proses transesterifikasi. Masalah yang sering timbul dalam proses transesterifikasi adalah waktu reaksi yang lama karena minyak dan alkohol tidak saling melarut dan juga pemisahan dan pemurnian katalis yang sulit dengan katalis homogen. Penambahan co-solvent dapat membantu pencampuran reaktan dan pemakaian katalis heterogen dapat mengatasi masalah katalis homogen. Dalam penelitian ini, minyak kemiri sunan dengan FFA 9,1517% sebagai bahan baku sehingga dilakukan pretreatment dengan esterifikasi sehingga bahan baku memiliki FFA 1,0538%. Variebel-variabel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah jumlah katalis, waktu, suhu, dan jumlah co-solvent. Pada penlitian ini setiap variable penelitian dianalisis terhadap yield yang dihasilkan dnegan mengunakan metode respon pemukaan (RSM) dengan bantuan software design expert dan didapat yield biodiesel optimum pada pengunaan katalis sebesar 3%, waktu reaksi 30 menit, suhu 40oC dan jumlah co-solvent 20%. Produk dianalisis dengan kromatografi gas untuk memperoleh komposisi biodiesel. Sifat-sifat biodiesel seperti, densitas,viskositas, bilangan iodine,bilangan asam dan kadar metil ester,trigliserida, digliserida, dan mono gliserida yang diperoleh telah sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) dan EN. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aseton memiliki efektifitas yang yg tinggi dalam pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak kemiri sunan. Dari analisis potensi energi dengan mengunakan meteode EPR (Energy Profit Ratio) didapatkan nilai EPR Sebesar 0,78.
Kata kunci : Biodiesel, co-solvent, kemiri sunan, RSM, transesterifikasi
viii
ABSTRACT
Biodiesel can be produced from either vegetable oil or animal oil through transesterification process. The problem that often arises in the transesterification process is the long reaction time because of oil and alcohol are not mutually dissolve and also separation and purification catalysts are difficult to homogeneous catalysts. The addition of co-solvent may assist the mixing of the reactants and the use of heterogeneous catalysts can overcome the problem of homogeneous catalysts.raw material in this study is Sunan candlenut oil with FFA 9.1517% so it needs to be pretreated by esterification so that the raw material has a 1.0538% FFA. The variables used in this study is the amount of catalyst, time, temperature, and the amount of co-solvent. In this study, each variable was analyzed on the yield produced using the response surface (RSM) methodology with the help of Design Expert.The variables used in this study is the amount of catalyst, time, temperature, and the amount of co-solvent. In this study analyzed each variable to the yield generated by using the response surface methodology (RSM) with the help of expert design software. The optimum yield of biodiesel found in the catalyst amount: 3%, reaction time 30 min, temperature: 40 ° C and co-solvent amount: 20%. The products were analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the composition of biodiesel. The properties of biodiesel, such as density, viscosity, iodine value, acid value and content of methyl esters, triglycerides, diglycerides, and mono-glycerides acquired are in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and EN. The results of this study indicate that acetone has a high effectiveness in making biodiesel from the Sunan candlenut oil. From potential energy analysys by using EPR (Energy Profit Ratio) method it found the EPR value 0,78.
Kata kunci : Biodiesel, co-solvent, kemiri sunan, RSM, transesterifikasi
