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Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol dan Fraksi n-Heksana serta Etil Asetat Rimpang Laja Gowah (Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI n-HEKSANA SERTA ETIL ASETAT

RIMPANG LAJA GOWAH (Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli

ABSTRAK

Indonesia merupakan Negara yang kaya akan sumber tanaman obat yang secara turun temurun telah digunakan sebagai ramuan obat tradisional. Laja gowah merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengobati sakit perut, infeksi kulit dan infeksi tenggorokan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik simplisia, golongan senyawa dan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksana, dan fraksi etilasetat rimpang laja gowah terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.

Serbuk simplisia dikarakterisasi dan diskrining fitokimia kemudian diekstraksi secara perkolasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%, kemudian ekstrak etanol difraksinasi dengan cara ekstraksi cair-cair menggunakan pelarut n-heksana dan dilanjutkan dengan pelarut etil asetat. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak rimpang laja gowah terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli secara in vitro dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan cakram kertas.

Hasil karakterisasi simplisia diperoleh kadar air 8,60%, kadar sari larut air 29,69%, kadar sari larut etanol 18,35%, kadar abu total 4,97% dan kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam 0,36%. Skrining fitokimia simplisia dan ekstrak etanol menunjukkan adanya golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, steroid/triterpenoid dan saponin, fraksi n-heksana menunjukkan adanya steroid/triterpenoid dan pada fraksi etil asetat menunjukkan adanya alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida dan saponin. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat memiliki efektivitas terbesar sebagai antibakteri yaitu konsentrasi 200 mg/ml terhadapStaphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia colidengan diameter daerah hambat 14,50 mmdan 14,43 mm. Ekstrak etanol memberikan aktivitas antibakteri yang efektif pada konsentrasi 300 mg/ml terhadapStaphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia colidengan diameter daerah hambat 14,57 mmdan 14,33 mm. Fraksi n-heksana ekstrak etanol rimpang laja gowah tidak memiliki efektivitas sebagai antimikroba terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.

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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT AND n-HEXANE AND ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF

LAJA GOWAH RHIZOME (Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe) AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus AND Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT

Indonesia is a country which has the rich source of medicinal plants that have historically been used as a traditional medicine. Laja gowah is one of the herbs that can be used to treat GI problem, skin and throat infections. The aim of this research is simplex characteristic, phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of laja gowah rhizome against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Simplex was characterized, phytochemical screening and extracted by percolation using ethanol 96% as solvent and then fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction method using n-hexane then fractionated using ethyl acetate as solvent and the antibacterial activity tests against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli carried out by using agar diffusion method.

The characteristic of simplex were 8.60% for water content, 29.69% for water soluble extract, 18.35% for ethanol soluble extract, 4.97% for total ash, and 0.36% for acid insoluble ash. The pytochemical screening of simplex and ethanol extract were showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids/triterpenes and saponins. n-hexane fraction showed the presence of steroids/triterpenes and ethyl acetate fraction showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and saponins. Antibacterial activity showed ethyl acetate fraction most effectively as antibacterial is at concentration 200 mg/ml againstStaphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with inhibition zone diameter 14.50 mmand 14.43 mm. Ethanol extract showed effective antibacterial activity at concentration 300 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli with inhibiton zone 14.57 mm and 14.33. n-hexane fraction of the ethanol extract of the rhizome laja gowah does not have effectiveness as antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.

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