"Quo Vadis" Persusuan Nasional?

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R G A N I S A S I P a n g a n d a n P e r t a n i a n P B B ( F A O ) m e n e -t a p k a n 1 J u n i s e b a g a i H a r i S u s u D u n i a . D i s e l u r u h d u n i a , p e r i n g a t a n n y a d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n t e m a y a n g b e r b e -d a - b e -d a , p a -d a u m u m n y a s e l a l u d i a r a h -k a n d e n g a n m e l a k u k a n k a m p a n y e m i n u m s u s u b a g i a n a k s e k o l a h . D i I n d o n e -s i a , k e g i a t a n t a h u n i n i m e r u p a k a n y a n g k e d u a k a l i n y a d i p e r i n g a t i s e b a g a i H a r i S u s u N u s a n t a r a y a n g d i s e l e n g g a r a k a n d i t e n g a h - t e n g a h p e t e m a k s a p i p e r a h r a k -y a t d i L e m b a n g J a w a B a r a t p a d a 2 9 - 3 1 M e i 2 0 1 O .

P e r i n g a t a n H a r i S u s u N u s a n t a r a t i -d a k a k a n a -d a a r t i n y a a p a - a p a j i k a h a -n y a m e -n g a r a h k e p a d a m e n g u b a h p o l a k o n s u m s i s u s u m a s y a r a k a t . P a s a l n y a , d a m p a k y a n g t e r j a d i h a n y a m e n g u n -t u n g k a n i n d u s t r i p e n g o l a h a n s u s u , s e -d a n g k a n b a g i p e t e m a k s a p i p e r a h r a k -y a t t i d a k a k a n m e m b e r i k a n p e n g a r u h y a n g s i g n i f i k a n . M e n g a p a h a l t e r s e b u t b i s a t e I j a d i ?

M e n u r u t p e n g a m a t a n p e n u l i s , h a l i t u t e r u t a m a d i s e b a b k a n s a m p a i s a a t i n i p e m b a n g u n a n p e r s u s u a n n a s i o n a l t i d a k m e m i l i k i

grand design

p e m b a n g u n a n j a n g k a p a n j a n g , y a n g a d a h a n y a

road

map

l i m a t a h u n a n . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n , d i r a s a k a n d a l a m p u l u h a n t a h u n t e r a k h i r i n i , p e r s u s u a n n a s i o n a l c e n d e r u n g t i d a k b e r u b a h b a h k a n m e n u r u n . I n d i k a t o m y a t a m p a k d a r i r a t a r a t a s k a l a u s a h a p e t e r -n a k a -n r a k y a t y a -n g t i d a k b e r u b a h , h a -n y a s e k i t a r 2 - 5 e k o r p e r r u m a h t a n g g a d a n p r o d u k s i r a t a r a t a h a n y a s e k i t a r 1 Q 1 3 l i -t e r p e r e k o r p e r h a r i . H a l -t e r s e b u -t l a n -t a r a n k e t i d a k j e l a s a n s a s a r a n j a n g k a p a n j a n g y a n g h e n d a k d i c a p a i . D e n g a n

d e m i k i a n , m u n e u l p e r t a n y a a n

"quo

va-dis

p e r s u s u a n n a s i o n a l ? "

P o h o n i n d u s t r i K e s a l a h k a p r a h a n p e m b a n g u n a n p e r -s u -s u a n d i a w a l i o l e h l e m a h n y a k o n s e p p e m b a n g u n a n i n d u s t r i p e r s u s u a n , y a n g t i d a k k o n s i s t e n t e r h a d a p p o h o n i n d u s t r i n y a . K o n s e p p o h o n i n d u s t r i i n i h a r u s -n y a b e r p i j a k k e p a d a p o t e -n s i b a h a -n b a k u d a l a m n e g e r i . D a l a m h a l i n i a d a l a h p o -t e n s i p e t e m a k a n r a k y a t y a n g h a m p i r s e m b i l a n p u l u h p e r s e n d e n g a n s k a l a k e e i l . R e a l i t a s n y a k i t a b i s a l i h a t , p o h o n i n -d u s t r i p e r s u s u a n y a n g t u m b u h d a n b e r -k e m b a n g b e r b a s i s k a n b a h a n b a k u i m -p o r y a n g s e m a k i n m e m b e s a r .

S e b e l u m k r i s i s e k o n o r n i 1 9 9 7 , p e t e r -n a k a -n r a k y a t m a m p u m e m b e r i k a -n k o n -t r i b u s i s a m p a i 5 0 p e r s e n -t e r h a d a p i m -p o r . K i n i , u n t u k m e m e n u h i k e b u t u h a n d a l a m n e g e r i , k o n t r i b u s i p e t e m a k a n r a k y a t h a n y a 2 5 p e r s e n . l n d i k a s i n y a , i n d u s t r i p e n g o l a h s u s u ( I P S ) d i b a n g u n s e -c a r a b e s a r - b e s a r a n d i k o t a k o t a p e l a b u -h a n , b u k a n n y a d i p u s a t - p u s a t p r o d u k s i p e t e m a k a n s a p i p e r a h .

B e l u m l a g i d i b u k a n y a p e r d a g a n g a n b e b a s d a n u p a y a b e r b a g a i p i h a k u n t u k m e n g a b u r k a n i s t i l a h s u s u d a l a m b e r b a -g a i k e b i j a k a n d a n p e r a t u r a n . K i n i i s t i l a h s u s u d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i p r o d u k s i t u m b u h a n , c o n t o h s u s u k e d e l a i . P e n g e r -t i a n s u s u j u g a d i p e r l u a s , m i s a l n y a , s u s u k e n t a l m a n i s m a s u k k a t e g o r i s u s u , y a n g s e b e n a m y a k o m o d i t a s i n i b a h a n p a n g a n p e m u t i h k o p i a t a u t e h . B e r b a g a i k e b i j a k -a n t e r s e b u t m e r u g i k a n d a n m e n j a d i k e n d a l a d a l a m k e r a n g k a p e m b a n g u n a n p e r s u s u a n d i n e g e r i i n i .

Solusi

FEDCBA

P e r in g a ta n H a r i S u s u N u s a n ta r a s e la -y a k n -y a m e m b e r ik a n d a m p a k b a g i p e -n i-n g k a ta -n k e s e ja h te r a a n p e te r n a k r a k -y a t, b u k a n s a ja b a g i in d u tr i p e r s u s u a n y a n g m a p a n . A d a b e b e r a p a a lte r n a tif s o lu s i y a n g d a p a t d ita w a r k a n .

P e r ta m a , p e m e r in ta h w a jib m e m ilik i g r a n d

design

p e m b a n g u n a n ja n g k a p a n ja n g p e r s u s u a n n a s io n a l u n tu k lim a p u lu h ta h u n , d e n g a n p o h o n in d u s tr i b e r b a -s i-s -s u m b e r d a y a lo k a l. D e n g a n d e m ik ia n , p e m b a n g u n a n p e r s u s u a n m e m ilik i a r a h y a n g je la s b e r p ih a k k e p a d a p r o d u k s i d a la m n e g e r i, b u k a n te r g a n tu n g b a h a n b a -k u im p o r .

K e d u a , ta h a p a n ja n g k a m e n e n g a h d a -la m m e m b a n g u n in d u s tr i p e r s u s u a n a d a la h m e m b a n g u n in d u s tr i s k a la m e n e -n g a h b e r b a s is s u s u s e g a r d a la m -n e g e r i. K o n s e p in i m e r u p a k a n a lte r n a tif m e n g -a t-a s i m -a s -a l-a h p e n in g k -a t-a n k o n s u m s i g i-z i b a g i a n a k u s ia d in i, s e k a lig u s s e b a g a i p a s a r b a g i s u s u s e g a r p r o d u k s i p e te r n a k -a n r -a k y -a t. D -a m p -a k p r o g r -a m in i s e la in d a p a t m e m e n u h i k e b u tu h a n g iz i m a s y a -r a k a t, ju g a a k a n m a m p u m e n c ip ta k a n ik lim k o n d u s if b a g i p e n in g k a ta n p r o d u k -s i d a n p r o d u k tiv ita -s s e r ta p e n d a p a ta iJ . m a s y a r a k a t p e r d e s a a n . P a d a ta ta n a n im -p le m e n ta s i, k o n s e -p in i h a r u s m e n g u b a h a tu r a n p r o g r a m m a k a n a n ta m b a h a n b a -g i a n a k s e k o la h s e h in -g -g a k o n s u m s i s u s u d a p a t m e n ja d i s a la h s a tu k o m o d ita s .

K e tig a , la h ir k a n k e b ija k a n p e m e r in ta h y a n g p r o p e te r n a k s a p i p e r a h r a k y a t d a la m in o v a s i te k n o lo g i p r o d u k s i s u s u . K e b ija k a n in i s a n g a t d ip e r lu k a n u n tu k m e n e k a n m a h a ln y a b ia y a p r o d u k s i s e h in g -g a p r o d u k y a n -g d ih a s ilk a n a k a n b e r d a y a s a in g . P e m e r in ta h h a r u s m e m b e r ik a n p e r la k u a n y a n g s a m a a n ta r a p e te r n a k d i d a la m n e g e r i d a n p e te r n a k s a p i p e r a h d i

n e g a r a p e n g e k s p o r s u s u . D ip e r lu k a n p u -la k e b ija k a n in s e n tif p e r m o d a -la n s e c a r a k h u s u s d e n g a n b u n g a n o l p e r s e n , p e la y a n a n I B g r a tis , d a n b e b a s P B B b a g i p e -te r n a k s a p i p e r a h d i k a w a s a n

ui/lage

bre-eding centre

y a n g te la h d ite ta p k a n o le h p e m e r in ta h .

K e e m p a t, m e lin d u n g i p e te r n a k s a p i p e r a h r a k y a t y a n g b e r u s a h a ta n p a k e -p a s tia n la h a n . S e la m a in i n a s ib -p e te r n a k r a k y a t y a n g u s a h a n y a b e r s if a t

flying

herd system,

h id u p d a n b e r k e m b a n g ta n p a k e p a s tia n la h a n . D e n g a n m o d e l a p a p u n , s e la m a p u lu h a n ta h u n , u s a h a p e te r n a k a n r a k y a t h a n y a a k a n m a m p u b e r k o n tr ib u s i tid a k le b ih d a r i tig a p u lu h p e r s e n te r h a d a p k o n s u m s i s u s u n a s io -n a l. S a la h s a tu p e r s y a r a ta -n y a n g h a r u s d ip e n u h i a d a la h k e p a s tia n la h a n b a g i u s a h a n y a y a n g d ilin d u n g i p e r u n d a n g a n y a n g a d a . S e la m a in i te la h d ig u lir k a n U U L a h a n A b a d i, te ta p i p a d a p r a k tik n y a m a s ih d ib e r ik a n p r io r ita s p a d a u s a h a ta -n i p a d i, s e h a r -n s -n y a ju g a d ib e r ik a n b a g i p e te r n a k s a p i p e r a h r a k y a t.

K e lim a , m e n g a w a l p e m b a n g u n a n p e r s u s u a n d e n g a n k e b ija k a n d i tin g k a t n a s io n a l d a n d a e r a h d e n g a n m e n g g u n a -k a n is tila h s u s u s e s u a i d e n g a n S N I y a n g a d a , ta n p a a d a n y a p e r u b a h a n a ta u p u n p e r lu a s a n te n ta n g p e n g e r tia n n y a .

D a la m r a n g k a p e r in g a ta n H a r i S u s u N u s a n ta r a ta h u n in i, k e lim a p e m ik ir a n s tr a te g is te r s e b u t m e r u p a k a n k o n tr ib u -s i b a g i p e m e r in ta h u n tu k d iim p le -m e n ta s ik a n k e p a d a m a s y a r a k a t p e te r -n a k s a p i p e r a h r a k y a t, s e h in g g a p e r in g a ta n ta h u n in i m e m ilik i m a k n a b a h -w a p e m e r in ta h m e m a n g p r o r a k y a t.

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