THE MORPHOLOGY OF CONTEMPORARY ACEHNESE.

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THE MORPHOLOGY OF CONTEMPORARY

ACEHNBSE

A THESIS

Submitted to the English Applied

Linguistics

Graduate Program

in Partial

Fulfiliment

of The

Requir~ments

for the Degree of MAC1ISTER IN

HUMANI0Rt\

HY

M. NAZAR

Reg~ No : 035010099

MJLIK PERPUST

AW~

UN I MEr'

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS

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Thesis

The Morphology of Contemporary

Acehnese

Arranged and Proposed

by:

NAME: M. NAZAR

Reg. No:035010099

Has been defended before the Thesis Examination Committee on May 19, 2005 and declared to have fulfilled the requirement

Approved By:

First Consultant, _{Second Consultant,}

Prof.Dr. J. Naibaho

Graduat

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Acknowledgement

This thesis is completed due to the guidance, motivation, encouragement,

support, and help of many persons. 1 can mention only a few ofthem below, to whom

f am very thankful and grateful, particularly to Prof. Dr. J. Naibaho , and Dr. Lince

Sihombing, M.Pd as my consultants who are always kind and helpful to give strong

Similar thanks are due to Prof D.P. Tampubplon, P.lill, Prof. Amrin Saragih,

P.hD, Dr. Berlin Sibarani, M.Pd. who have given lots of important critical comments,

suggestions, and recommendations in improving his thesis.

A high respect is offered by me to Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd, who is always

active to monitor, guide and give valuable encouragement and motivation to me. 1

should also like to thank all the lectures of English Applied Lin.!:,JUistics and his

classmates as l really have benefited much from their lectures, and discussion in class

during my study.

I also would like to thank the STAIN \Vhich has donated scholarship during

academic years (Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Lhokseumawe). Thank j s also

due to the rector of STAIN, Drs. Haffifuddin, M. Ag, for the pennission and facility

given during my S -2 program at State University ofMcdan.

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Samsul Bahri, Vanson, Choki David, Erika, Lely, Lasma, Lili, and all others

who can not be mentioned one by one, for their support.

Finally, I would like to express my deepest brratefulness to my family. His

beloved wife, Cut Adncn, sons and daughter: Nanda Satria, Noennan Akbar and Cut

Nindya Rizky for their fidelity, love, understanding and care without complaining

tor

less attention given to them during finishing his study.

God Bless Us!

Lhokseumawe, 2005

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M. Nazar

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ABSRACT

M. NAZAR. The Morphology of Contemporary Acehnese. Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Graduate Program. The State University ofMedan (UNIMED) 2005.

The aim of

this

study is to identity and analyze the Moiphology of Contemporary Acehnesc, particularly, morphological process, grammatical properties and types of morpheme. The data of the study were collected from the daily conversation uttered by Acehnese speakers. The samples of the study were 30 persons as Acehnese speakers. They consist of 15 old m

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Table of Contents

111

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ... .

1.1

1.2

1.3 Research Problem ... ... .

1.4 Objectives ofthe Study... .... ... ... 6

1.5 Significance ofthe Study ... . CHAPTER II :REVIEW OF RELATED LITERA TlJRE ... .. 2.1 Morphology ... . 2.1. 1 Speech Community ... .. 2.1.2 The Origin of Acehnese ... . 2.1.3 Loans words ... ... . 3. I _Word~ Formation ... . 4.1 Morphological Process ... . 4.1.1 Morphological process in contemporary Acehnese 4.1.2 Contemporary ... .. 4.1.3 Internal Change Process in Acehnese ... .. 4.1.4 Compounding ... ... .. 10 11 12 14 1 ~ 18 19 19 21 4.1.5 Conversion... .. 24

5.1 Affixation... ... .... ... 25

5.1.1 Derivation... ... 28

5.1.2 Detennination of basic forms ...

>'...

29

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5.1.3 Types of derivation... ... 31

5.1.4 Inflection... 32

6.1 Types of Morphemes ... 35

6.1.1 Morpheme, Free and Bound... 36

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY... 38

3.1 38 3.2 Subject of the Study... 38

3.3 Technique of coliecting the Data ... . 3.4 Technique of Analyzing Data ... . CIIAPTER IV; RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ... . 4. 1 Research Findings ... ... . 4.1. J Morphological Process... ... 40

4.1.2 Types of Morpheme... ... ... ... 42

4.1.3 Affixations ... ... ... 45

4.2 Discussion... 58

CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION... 61

5.1 Conclusions... ... 61

5.2. Suggestions... 63

REFERENCES ... .... ... .... ... ... . .. ... ... ... ... .. ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... 64

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Chapter I

Introduction

1.1. Background of the Study

Aceh located in tip western of Sumatra Island. lt is connoted with Arabic,

China, Europe and Hindi. Acehnese consists of trilingual that are Acehnese,

are used in Aceh hinterland. Acehnese is influenced by four languages, namely,

Arabic, Chinese, European and Hindi. Language majority in use is A:cehncse.

Acehnese is known as spoken language, when Acehnese wants to communicate

through writing they apply Indonesian letters

As other languages in the world, even though Acehnese is merely a spoken

language, it has ovvns morphemes. In science term, everything related to morphemes

and the forms of words in a language is called morphology.

Morphology in Acehnese covers basic words, derivational, inflectional, prefixes,

infixes and suffixes, while in general it differs on morphology of contemporary

Acehnese and this study is concerned on contempor~ry of Achehnese.

Most human beings begin speaking their native language between the ages of

one or two years but they do so with little or without conscious thought on their part.

They will probably find it very difficult to begin, or even impossible, to explain what

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generation in Aceh. Most of them arc difficult to communicate by using Acehnese

when they talk in the official events like, speech or rhetoric.

There are many, mistakes in composing words of daily conversation in Aceh

language, especially in Active and Passive voice. Most of people in Eastern and

Northern Aceh differ in speaking active and passive forms. For ExamP.Ie: Eastern

Aceh said I ;ih ijep ie /'She drinks water' (Active form). 1-!e

nan

dijep le jihi] 'The water is drunk by her' (Passive voice). Northern Aceh said, I Jih dijep ie I ' She

drinks water' (Active Voice). I !e nan d{iep le jih I 'The water is drunk by her'

(Passive voice). Prefix [ i] does not occur in verb form in Acehnese, and also [ di

J

is

loan word from Indonesian. Most Acehnese people use prefix [ diJ at active form in

daily conversation, May be it caused by the influence of loan words from Indonesian.

It actually should be said jih jep ie ;Jih Jep i:/-... She drinks water (Active form), and

ie nyan jijep le jih I i: nan 1I1ep le Jih

I--"

Water is drunk by her (Passive form). What

we talk above, it is just parts of illustration which occur in daily conversation. There

are more other mistakes done by Acchnesc.

Morphemes are so called words construction because they are used to derive

new words and meanings. They might he prefixes, infixes, and suffixes in Acehnese,

have lexical function, they create new words out of the existing words or morphemes

their addition. There are more other mistakes done by Acehnese one of them such the

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Table: 1 _{The Active and Passive Voice of Acehnese Uttered Wrongly}

Spoken

by

Eastern Acehnese

Spoken

by

Northern Acehnese

English _{_Acehnese} _Acehnese

1. She drinks water jih ijep ie _j_{The water is drunk}

1 by her

Ie nyan dijep le jih

2. Sister throw the Kak irom asci

dog ' The dog is thrown _{by Sister} _KakAsE( nyan dirom le

I

them awak nyan

Whole actually when the Acehnese follow correctly the sentences 'rules, the

sentences must be stated such the following:

Table: 2

Active voice

The· Active and Passive Voice of Acehnese Uttered Correctly

Passive Voice

1---·--··-~ - - - + - - - . - - - : 1

English Acehnese English Acehnese

1 · · · -1. She drinks coffee

r

1

2. Sister threw the . dog

j 3. They kick the ball

· · t +

-jih jep kupi The coffee is drunk Kupi nyan jijep le

/lih ':]ep kupi/ by her jih

Kak rom asee /kak r9rn asci/

Awak nyan sipak bola

awak nan sipak >bhban/

I

The dog is thrown

by Sister

3

Assi nyan jirom le Kak

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1). The mistakes prefix Ui) to (di) often takes place. Those mistakes actually

occur because of the acculturation of Acehnese and Indonesian. This is the

way of Acehnese contemporary.

The number of words existing within a language varies from one language to

another and no one knows exactly the fixed number of words owned by a language.

Anyhow, investigation in the sources and the making of words have been carried out

by many distinguished scholars and linguists. The linguists agree on three main

resources of words, i.e. origin words, loans, and newly- fanned words. Whereas, with

respect to the word- making, some processes are identified to involve such as

compounding, affixation, and conversation, etc. (Cassidy 1954)

2.) Of course, this acculturation leads to increase the number of words existing

within Acehnesc.

The morphological processes which involve in the making of newly fonned in

the production of new words. Therefore, a morphological process may either

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[image:12.612.37.577.83.703.2]

Table 3.

I

English

j Tomato

Cake

Pretty

, Hot

I

Towel

Hit

Qrother

Morphological Process Involves the Contemporary of New word

Old Word in Acehnese _{New Word in Acehnese}

- - · · - - - + - - · - - - 1

""Sumantri /sumanri/ _{Tom at}

I

.

Cedah I tfedah / Ugop I ugop I

lja pawe /ija pawo/

Harn~k /hamsk/

Kue

I

Lagak

Su:um

Andok

Poh

. Polem / polem I

I

Abang

l Sister

I

Cupo I tj ups / r Kakak

L _ _ _ _ _ - - · · - - - · - - .. __1___····--

· · - - · · - - - - _ _ j

The present study is an attempt to describe Acehncse morphology, uttered by

Acehnese speaker, \vhich morphological are there in contemporary Acehnese. There

are several morphological processes in contemporary Acehnese, namely,

compounding, affixation, derivation, inflection and conversation.

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1.2 Research Problem

Dealing with the background described above, the problem of the study can be

formulated as follows:

a. What morphological processes are there in contemporary Acehnese?

b. What types of morphemes are there in contemporary Acehnese?

c. What affixations 0\vned by contemporary Acehnese morphemes?

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The study has the objectives as in the following:

a. to find out the morphological processes m contemporary Acelinese

morphemes

b. to find out the types of morphemes in contemporary Acehnese?

c. to find out the affixations owned by contemporary Acchnese?

Scope of the Study

The study restricted on investigation of the Acehnese morphemes which

undergo the change of word in contemporary Acehnese speakers.

Morphological process occurs in contemporary Acehnese language is caused

by the influence of the other languages which brought by outsiders to Aceh or

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I .5 Significance of the Study

The findings of the study are expected to be beneficial as follows:

Firstly, the writer expects that the finding of the study would be useful

especially for Acehnese speakers and the people who want to study the language

especially in learning Acehnese language.

Secondly, the observers of Acehnese are expecte.d to attempt to develop the

grammar book in Aceh not only Acehnese but also the others will be .able to learn

Acehnesc structurally.

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References

Akmajian, A 1984. Unguistics : An Introduction to /,anguage and CommunicaUon.

The Mit Press, Cambridge.

Bernhart, A.Thorndike. 1979. The World Book Dictionary. Published Exclusively.

Bloomfield, L. 1965. Language. London: Allen and Unwin.Ltd

Chafe,Wallace L. 1971. Linguistics and human knowlecJ..f?e. In Richard J. O'Brien, S.J. Geortown University Monograph Series on Languages and Linguistics. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.

Hockett, C. F. 1973. A Course In Modern Unguistics. Oxford.

Huddleston, R. 1984. Introduction to Grammar ofl!..'nglish. CUP, Cambridge.

Hurgronje, Snouck. 1985. Aceh di Mata Kolonialis. Jakarta. Yayasan Soko Guru.

Isa Sulaiman, M. I 977. Sejarah Aceh. Jakarta. Pustaka Sinar Harapan.

J amuda, Affan, 2000. J,heeh Saboh Nang. Ace h.: Kuta Raja. CV. Angkasa Muda

Kerf, Gorys. 1973. tara Bahasa Indonesia. Flores: Nusa Indah

Parera, J.D. !990. Mor.fologT. Jakarta. PT. Gramadia Pustaka Utama.

Said, Muhammad. 1961. A ceh Separyang A bad (Acheh through Ages). Second edition. Medan.

Staieble, D. 1967. Concise Handbook of Linguistics. London: Peter Owen.

Tampubolon, D.P. 1983. Verbal Ajfl..xatiom in Indonesian: A Semantic Exploration.

Department of Lin~:,TUistics Research School of Pacific Studies. The Australian

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Appendix

A. Pengantar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk rnemperoleh data dari penutur Bahasa Aceh

di

dalam percakapan sehari hari. Mereka adaJah berjumlah 30 orang, yaitu 1 § orang

dari

kalangan remaja Aceli dan 15 orang dari kalangan generasi

tua.

Mereka dipilih secara

dalam pemahaman Bahasa Aceh dari Bahasa terdahulu hingga penguasaan Bahasa

saat ini. Mereka yang dijadikan sampel adalah berfariasi dari usia 15 -40 talmn dan dari 40 sampai dengan 60 tahun. Teknik penggunaan sample secara berurutan. Dalam

teknik ini penulis akan rnemilih orang Aceh secara acak di dalam masyarakat.

B. Pertanyaan- Pertanyaan adalah sebagai berikut:

a. Bagaimana mengucapkan "Air itu diminum oleh dia" dalam bahasa

Aceh(Passive voice)

b. Bagaimana mengucapkan "Dia minum Air" dalam Bahasa Aceh(A:ctive

Voice)

c. Sebutkan kata "kue" dalam bahasa Aceh

Untuk lengkapnya dinyatakan dalam daftar table dalam Iampiran Appendik berikut