THE EFFECTIVENESS EXPERIMENTAL METHOD USING PRAKTIKUM ALTERNATIF SEDERHANA (PAS) TO INCREASE STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT AND STUDENT CHARACTER IN LEARNING COLLOIDAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 2 MEDAN CLASS XI ACADEMIC YEAR 2014/2015.

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THE EFFECTIVENESS EXPERIMENTAL METHOD USING PRAKTIKUM ALTERNATIF SEDERHANA (PAS) TO INCREASE STUDENT

ACHIEVEMENT AND STUDENT CHARACTER IN LEARNING COLLOIDAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 2 MEDAN

CLASS XI ACADEMIC YEAR 2014/2015

By:

Poppy Wulandari Sitanggang Reg. Number 4113332006

Bilingual Chemistry Education Program

A THESIS

Submitted to Fulfill the Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan

CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF MATHEMATIC AND NATURAL SCIENCE STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Praise and Gratitude must be prayed to Almighty God for all the graces and blessings that provide health and wisdom to the author so writer can finish this thesis.

The title of this thesis is “The Effectiveness Experimental Method Using Praktikum Alternatif Sederhana (PAS) to Increase Student Achievement and Student Character in Learning Colloid at Senior High School 2 Medan Academic Year 2014/2015“. This research is done in SMA N 2 Medan in academic year 2014/2015 that prepared to get degree Sarjana Pendidikan of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Medan.

On this occasion, the author also conveys a respect and gratitude to:

 Mrs. Dr. Iis Siti Jahro, M.Si, As a thesis supervisor who has provided guidance and suggestions to the author since the beginning of the study until the completion in writing this thesis.

 Give thanks also to Prof. Dr. Albinus Silalahi M.Si, Drs. Eddyanto M.Si, and Dra. Ani Sutiani M.Si who has provided suggestions from the plan until the completion of this thesis.

 Thanks also conveyed to Dr. Rahmat Nauli M.Si, as the Academic supervisor who always guided researcher during the lecture and the entire along with Mr. and Mrs. Staff and Lecturer in Chemistry department especially in Bilingual study program of FMIPA UNIMED who have helped the author.

 The award was also presented to Mr. Drs. Sutrisno, M.Pd, as a school principal of SMA N 2 Medan and Mr. Dr. Manarsar S.Pd as a teacher and staff which assist in this implementation of this research.

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sacrifices for both of them, So I can complete my first degree in Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd/S-1) in this State University of Medan.

 My thanks also for my beloved brother, Sandova Wiranda Sitanggang, and Satria Pandu Wibawa Sitanggang, who always giving love, support, motivation, protection and laugh until the completion of this thesis, I love u all.

 For my family, my aunt, uncle, cousin, especially aunt iyus and butet thank you for always support and caring about me, also for uncle Rudi, thanks always help me for everything I need, you like my second father for me. My lovely cousin Uky, Arya, Lisa, Mela, Raihan, Tasya and sis Icha love you so much.

 For my senior CESP’10 especially sista Sofie, Ilmi, bro Yogi, Yasir and Indra and CESP’09 bro Dimas thank you for every help, support and learn I get from you guys, be succsess.

 For my friends in Field Experience (PPL) who always be my part, Angeline, Samantha, Kris, Asri, Nurul, and Sonya. Thanks for our friendship and everything that we passed together.

 For SMAN 1 Berastagi headmaster, Mr. Colia, thank you for every help I get, be succsess and always healthy sir.

 For my crazy lovely friends, especially Angeline, Riris, Debby, Nova, and Haposan, I will love you forever, thanks for unlimited laugh, craziness, folly, madness, and experience that make me more confidence and brave in my life. Thanks for that friendship but feeling more than family. And also Evina, Ruth, Ricky, Cholida, Intan, Mariani and Fatma thanks for every help I get, and Jorry as our beloved chairman.

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 Do not forget also thanks for my friends in Senior High School Suci, Dwita, Faisal, Adit, Joindida, Doli. Also my friend in Junior High School Wilsa, Gusti, Ima Arum, and Widya Thanks for suggestion, support, experience, laugh until the completion of this thesis.

Actually the author has doing the maximal effort in the completion of this thesis. Authors hope the suggestions and constructive criticism from readers for completeness the thesis perfectly. At least, Author hope this thesis can be useful to enrich the readers in science education.

Medan, June 2015 Author

Poppy Wulandari Sitanggang

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THE EFFECTIVENESS EXPERIMENTAL METHOD USING PRAKTIKUM ALTERNATIF SEDERHANA (PAS) TO INCREASE STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT AND

STUDENT CHARACTER IN LEARNING COLLOID AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 2 MEDAN ACADEMIC YEAR 2014/2015

Poppy Wulandari Sitanggang (Reg. Number: 4113332006)

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this research are to get the comparison between experimental method using PAS and experiment with direct instruction to increase student’s achievement, and student’s character. Beside of that, this research also conducted to know the correlation between student’s achievement and student’s character. This research was done in SMA N 2 Medan. Population is all the students in SMA N 2 Medan which taken by purposive random sampling. The research instruments are achievement test and non test in character form. Both of instruments have been validated. The research data analyzed by SPSS -16 for windows and Microsoft Excell. The result data shows that (1) The student’s achievement taught by experimental method using PAS give higher significance difference than experiment with direct instruction. It can be seen from the average of gain and also proved with t-test, the normalized gain in experimental class is (0.72±0.15) and control class (0.48±0.18) at significant level α = 0.05, Ha is received and Ho is refused where Sig. < α (0.000 < 0.05), (2) The student’s character taught by experimental method using PAS have increasing value in every meeting. It can be seen from the average value in student activity have average 61.11% in first meeting, 85.83% in second meeting, and 86.38% in third meeting. Then, student teamwork have average value 73.88% in first meeting, 90.55% in second meeting, and 91.11% in third meeting.

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 22

3.1 Research Objects and Location 22

3.2 Research Population and Sample 22

3.3 Research Design 23

3.4 Research Variable 23

3.5 Research Procedure 24

3.5.1Instrument Test 26

3.5.1.1Validity Test 27

3.5.1.2 Reability Test 28

3.5.2 Index Difficulty of Instrument 29

3.5.3 Discriminating Power Index 29

3.5.4 Teaching Treatment 30

3.5.5 Data Collection and Analysis 30

3.5.3.1 Normality Test 30

3.5.3.2 Homogenity Test 30

3.5.3.3 Normalized Gain Data (%) 31

3.5.3.4 Research Hypothesis Test 31

CHAPTER VI RESULT AND DISCUSSION 33

4.1 The Description of School Sample 33

4.2 The Instrument’s Analysis 33

4.2.1 The Observation Sheet of Student’s Character 33

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4.2.3 Reability of Evaluation Test 35

4.2.5 Difficulty Level of Evaluation Test 36

4.2.6 Discriminating Power Index 37

4.3 The Data of Research Result 38

4.3.1 The Result of Pretest and Postest 39

4.3.2 The Result of Student’s Character by Observation Sheet 39

4.4 The Analysis Test of Data 39

4.4.1 Normality Test 40

4.4.1.1 Normality Test of Student’s Achievement 40

4.4.2 Homogenity Test 40

4.4.2.1 Homogenity Test of Student’s Achievement 40

4.5 Student’s Achievement 41

4.5.1Student’s Achievement before Teaching Treatment 41

4.5.2 Student’s Achievement after Teaching Treatment 42

4.5.3 Gain 45

4.6 Student’s Character 46

4.7 Hypotesis Testing 48

4.7.1 Hypotesis Test 1 48

4.7.2 Hypothesis Test 2 49

4.8 The Effectiveness 50

4.9 Discussion 50

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 53

5.1 Conclusion 53

5.2 Suggestion 53

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 2.1 Table of Taxonomy Bloom Spectrum 9

Table 2.6 Types of Colloids 16

Table 4.1 Description of Class That Used as Sample 32

Table 4.2 Validity of The Test Table 33

Table 4.3 Difficulty Level Test 35

Table 4.4 Discriminating Power Index 36

Table 4.5 Summary of The Instrument Test 37

Table 4.6 Data of Pretest and Posttest 38

Table 4.7 Normality Test of Student’s Achievement 39

Table 4.8 Homogeneity Test of Student’s Achievement 40

Table 4.9 Data of Student’s Achievement in Pretest 40

Table 4.10 Data of Student’s Achievement in Posttest 41

Table 4.11 Average Value of Normalized Gain 41

Table 4.12 The Summary of Student’s Achievement 42

Table 4.13 The Relation Between Student Achievement and Character 46

Table 4.14 Hypothesis Testing 1 47

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background

Effective education is an education that makes students can be achieved the learning objective easily and funny. Thus, educators (lecturers, teachers, instructors, and trainers) are required to be able to improve the effectiveness of learning, so, the learning can be effective and useful.

Some problems in the teaching efficiency in Indonesia is the high cost of education, time spent in the educational process, the quality of teacher and many other things that lead to inefficient processes of education. Were also influential in the improvement of education need to increase human resources better.

The quality of national education is still low. It can be seen from the operates of value test of mathematic and natural science include chemistry. It can be provenfrom the average of value of daily test in SMA N 1 Berastagi in Science subject especially Chemistry subjectonly obtained average equal to 60, where the standart valuein SMA N 1 Berastagi is 80. There is a half of students could pass the standart valuebut there are also a half of students could not pass the standart value. From 32 students only 10 students pass the the standart value. Based on the data above shown that the student achievement in the learning chemistry especially in colloid is still low, teacher when colloidal material need learning increase achieve the main objective of natural science educational. Inovation to increase student achievement.

Lack of cooperation and involvement of the student shown by learning in the classroom, student just listen to the teacher which explaining information from morning until noon, students are taught how to attention and listening to the teacher explanations, while competence ask untouch.

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without power, without elaborate preparation, method of discourse into used method that most teachers because that's the only method that is truly in control the majority of teachers.

Sometimes students think that chemistry is abstract knowledge because teacher only explains theory and formula based on the book in front of class without give the direct experience. They couldn’t to imagine what’s that real in chemistry. Sometimes teacher forget to explain it to the student how’s this lesson really has relationship in our daily life. That’s why we need to give direct experience and increase student activity, so it can help to increase theirunderstanding in chemistry. More over teaching chemistry in schools is expectedto be a vehicle for students to develop skills and scientific attitudes in the learning of nature and phenomenon of nature in surrounding so has impact to development further in the application in daily life or industry (Iis Siti Jahro, 2009).

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done by student during learn chemistry in senior high school. From the fact about some of schools still not effective to do practicum method because of the expensive fee to provide apparatus and materials that needed, and also students are afraid to use chemicals in laboratory, as we know that there is general assumption in our society that chemistry is dangerous.

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science, can’t be learned through reading, writing, or listening only, learning chemistry not only mastered a group of knowledge involve facts, concepts, principals but also mastery in discovery process and mastery in scientific work (Jahro,et all 2010). Some researcher have proved that PAS And through experiment activities in laboratory student can implement IPA process skill because in laboratory student will do experiment to prove theory that learned so they will get direct experience and deep understanding through PAS that design. The average of student’s perception to PAS guidance is 83,31%. It means thatstudents perception in experiment class is good, and the students understand about the instruction and the content of PAS guidance (Lia, 2010).Based on the results of research conducted by Neni (2010) show Thatstudent's achievement in experimental class (75.48 ± 6.01) is higher than the control class (67.53 ± 4.69). And in other result, student achievement in experiment class is higher than control class. It canbe seen from the average of posttest of experiment class is 86.41 ± 6.96 while in control class is 72.95 ± 5.35 (Rahmi, 2013).So, based on restatement above writter feel attract to conduct research with the title “The Effectiveness Experimental Method Using Praktikum Alternative Sederhana (PAS) to Increase Student Achievement and Student Character in Learning Colloid at Senior High School 2 Medan Class XI Academic Year 2014/2015”.

1.2 Problem Identification

Identification of Problem in this research:

1. Does the teaching and learning with experimental method using PAS increase student achievement and student character in chemistry especially for colloid material?

2. Does the teaching and learning with experimental method using PAS help student that hard to understand chemistry because they think chemistry concept is abstract, there is no real in chemistry?

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school only teach colloid material by lecturing method so they only remembering the material without understand about it?

4. Can PAS handle lacking facility and materials to do experimental method in senior high school especially for colloid material?

1.3 Problem limitation

It has been given the wide scope of problems in identifying the problems mentioned above, but in this study is limited to the following:

1. The study have been conducted at the senior high school level class XI sciences semester 2 TA 2014/2015, in SMA N 2 Medan. In this research used experimental method using PAS.

2. The material that observed in this study was the colloid.

4. Learning achievement that measured in this study was the cognitive aspect of the level of C1, C2, and C3.

5. The research investigates student’s achievement, and character.

1.4 Problem Formulation

In this research, problem of study formulated as follows:

1. Is the student’s achievement who have learning through experimental method using PAS are higher than students by using direct instruction?

2. Is there significant correlation between student’s activeness and teamwork character with student’s achievement?

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The research objective is to investigate the affectivity of practicum method using PAS on the teaching of colloid subject. The specific objectives of study were to know;

1. Whether the learning achievements of students who have learning by using the PAS are higher than students by using direct instruction.

2. To know the average percentage of student’s activeness that applying experimental method using PAS

3. To know the average percentage of student’s teamwork that applying experimental method using PAS

4. To know the significant correlation between student’s activeness and teamwork character with student’s achievement.

1.6 The Research Benefit

1. To make students have meaningful knowledge by using experimental method using PAS.

2. To be an input in teaching-learning process, especially for chemistry teachers in teaching of colloid material.

3. To be an input to others researches who want researching the same research. 4. Researcher will be able developing himself in experimental method using PAS

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion

After conducting the research and analyzing the data, there are some conclusions that gotten, they are:

1. Student achievement who have learning with experimental method using PAS higher

than student who have learning with direct instruction.

2. There is significant correlation between student achievement and student character. 3. The average of student’s character in experimental class that taught by experimental

method using PAS is increasing in every meeting.

5.2 Suggestion

From the result of the research, there are some suggestion must be raised:

1. For chemistry teachers should using experimental method on the teaching of colloid topic because experimental method able to increase student achievement and student character, so that will make learning meaningful and make student’s remembrance more long.

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Jahro, I. S., dan Susilawati, (2009), Desain Praktikum Alternatif Sederhana (PAS) Wujud Kreatifitas Guru Dalam Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Praktikum Pada

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