vii
ABSTRACT
Agra, L. C. (2016). The Meaning of Interpersonal Conflicts Between Joy and Sadness as Seen in Pete Docter’s Inside Out Film Screenplay. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University.
This study discusses the interpersonal conflict between Joy and Sadness. They fight over controlling the console. The purpose of this study is to find the meaning of
interpersonal conflict between Joy and Sadness, the main character of Pete Docter’s
film, Inside Out.
This study has two problem to answer. The first problem is “ How are Joy and
Sadness described in Pete Docter’s film, Inside Out?”. The second one is “What is the meaning of their interpersonal conflict?”.
This study is a library study. The primary data of this study is the film screenplay, and to support this study some data are collected from books, journals, and the internet. To answer these problems, this study uses theory of character and characterization, theory of personality, theory of conflict, theory of interpersonal relationship, theory of interpersonal communication, theory of motivation, and theory of meaning. The approach used is psychological approach.
There are two findings of this study. The first one is the description of Joy and Sadness. Joy is an optimistic, hardworking, reliable, and supportive. In the meantime Sadness is a pessimistic, slothful, and intelligent one. The meaning of the interpersonal conflict is divided into two, surface meaning and deeper meaning. The surface meaning of this conflict is that Joy has the will to power. The deeper meaning of the interpersonal conflict is that both Joy and Sadness have suffered from violating
“not to have the desire of somebody else’s love possessions”.
It is suggested that this screenplay be used as the material to teach Play Performance class of the English Language Education Study Program. As for further researchers, they are recommended to deal with the intrapersonal conflict from Joy point of view.
viii
ABSTRAK
Agra, L. C. (2016). The Meaning of Interpersonal Conflicts Between Joy and Sadness as Seen in Pete Docter’s Inside Out Film Screenplay. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University.
Penelitian ini membahas mengenai konflik interpersonal antara Joy dan Sadness. Mereka berebut dalam menguasai pusat kendali. Fungsi dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan arti dari konflik interpersonal yang terjadi antara Joy dan Sadness, pemeran utama dalam film oleh Pete Docter yang berjudul Inside Out.
Penelitian ini memiliki dua permasalahan. Permasalahan pertama adalah
“Bagaimana Joy dan Sadness digambarkan di dalam film oleh Pete Docter yang
berjudul Inside Out?”. Kedua adalah “Apa arti dari konflik interpersonal mereka?”. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan. Data utama penelitian ini adalah naskah skenario film, dan untuk mendukung penelitian ini beberapa data dikumpulkan dari buku-buku, jurnal-jurnal, dan internet.
Terdapat dua hasil dari penelitian ini. Pertama adalah deskripsi Joy dan Sadness. Joy merupakan pribadi yang optimis, pekerja keras, sangat dipercaya, dan pribadi yang mendukung sesamanya. Di sisi lain, Sadness merupakan pribadi yang memiliki pemikiran pesimis, pemalas, dan pintar. Arti dari konflik interpersonal mereka dibagi menjadi dua, surface meaning dan deeper meaning. Surface meaning dari konflik ini adalah bahwa Joy memiliki keinginan untuk menguasai. Deeper meaning dari konflik ini adalah bahwa keduanya, Joy dan Sadness, memiliki keinginan untuk memiliki milik orang lain.
Disarankan bahwa naskah skenario film ini digunakan sebagai materi dalam mengajar di dalam kelas Play Performance di Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya adalah untuk meneliti konflik intrapersonal dari sudut pandang Joy.
FILM SCREENPLAY
ASARJANA PENDIDIKANTHESIS
Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to ObtainSarjana PendidikanDegree
in English Language Education
By
Caroline Lalita Agra Student Number: 121214034
ENGLISH LANGUANGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA
i
THE MEANING OF INTERPERSONAL CONFLICTS BETWEEN JOY
AND SADNESS AS SEEN IN PETE DOCTER’S INSIDE OUT FILM
SCREENPLAY
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Caroline Lalita Agra Student Number: 121214034
ENGLISH LANGUANGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
iv
“All I can do is follow my instinct,
because I’ll never please everyone.”
Watson-vii
ABSTRACT
Agra, L. C. (2016).The Meaning of Interpersonal Conflicts Between Joy and Sadness as Seen in Pete Docter’s Inside Out Film Screenplay. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University.
This study discusses the interpersonal conflict between Joy and Sadness. They fight over controlling the console. The purpose of this study is to find the meaning of interpersonal conflict between Joy and Sadness, the main character of Pete Docter’s film,Inside Out.
This study has two problem to answer. The first problem is “ How are Joy and Sadness described in Pete Docter’s film, Inside Out?”. The second one is “What is the meaning of their interpersonal conflict?”.
This study is a library study. The primary data of this study is the film screenplay, and to support this study some data are collected from books, journals, and the internet. To answer these problems, this study uses theory of character and characterization, theory of personality, theory of conflict, theory of interpersonal relationship, theory of interpersonal communication, theory of motivation, and theory of meaning. The approach used is psychological approach.
There are two findings of this study. The first one is the description of Joy and Sadness. Joy is an optimistic, hardworking, reliable, and supportive. In the meantime Sadness is a pessimistic, slothful, and intelligent one. The meaning of the interpersonal conflict is divided into two, surface meaning and deeper meaning. The surface meaning of this conflict is that Joy has the will to power. The deeper meaning of the interpersonal conflict is that both Joy and Sadness have suffered from violating “not to have the desire of somebody else’s love possessions”.
It is suggested that this screenplay be used as the material to teach Play Performance class of the English Language Education Study Program. As for further researchers, they are recommended to deal with the intrapersonal conflict from Joy point of view.
viii
ABSTRAK
Agra, L. C. (2016).The Meaning of Interpersonal Conflicts Between Joy and Sadness as Seen in Pete Docter’s Inside Out Film Screenplay. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University.
Penelitian ini membahas mengenai konflik interpersonal antara Joy dan Sadness. Mereka berebut dalam menguasai pusat kendali. Fungsi dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan arti dari konflik interpersonal yang terjadi antara Joy dan Sadness, pemeran utama dalam film oleh Pete Docter yang berjudulInside Out.
Penelitian ini memiliki dua permasalahan. Permasalahan pertama adalah “Bagaimana Joy dan Sadness digambarkan di dalam film oleh Pete Docter yang berjudulInside Out?”. Kedua adalah “Apa arti dari konflik interpersonal mereka?”.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan. Data utama penelitian ini adalah naskah skenario film, dan untuk mendukung penelitian ini beberapa data dikumpulkan dari buku-buku, jurnal-jurnal, dan internet.
Terdapat dua hasil dari penelitian ini. Pertama adalah deskripsi Joy dan Sadness. Joy merupakan pribadi yang optimis, pekerja keras, sangat dipercaya, dan pribadi yang mendukung sesamanya. Di sisi lain, Sadness merupakan pribadi yang memiliki pemikiran pesimis, pemalas, dan pintar. Arti dari konflik interpersonal mereka dibagi menjadi dua, surface meaning dan deeper meaning. Surface meaning dari konflik ini adalah bahwa Joy memiliki keinginan untuk menguasai. Deeper meaning dari konflik ini adalah bahwa keduanya, Joy dan Sadness, memiliki keinginan untuk memiliki milik orang lain.
Disarankan bahwa naskah skenario film ini digunakan sebagai materi dalam mengajar di dalam kelas Play Performance di Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya adalah untuk meneliti konflik intrapersonal dari sudut pandang Joy.
ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Foremost, I would like to thank toJesus Christfor giving me a healthy long life
so that I could finish my study. I thank him for the blessing he has given me and the
strength for me to reach my dream.
My deepest gratitude goes to my advisor, Dr. Retno Muljani M.Pd., for her
guidance and tremendous patience. She really helps me and guides me in the process
of my writing. My gratitude also goes to my co-advisor, Dr. Antonius Herujiyanto,
M.A., who gives inspiration and knowledge in literature. I thank him for helping me
in managing my content. I also would like to thank my friends -Isaac Bennett, Fabi,
Barel, Mas eko, and Mbak Catherin - for their willingness to be my proofreader. I
give my gratitude for them to spare some times for checking my grammar and
language.
I want to give my greatest gratitude to my beloved family who always love and
pray for me. I thank my father (Bambang Parmadi N.), my mother (Errie
Retnowati) and my brother (Berto Belarminus) for the patience they gave on facing
me who only get mad and lock myself whenever I get tired. They never stop wishing
the best for me.
I thank my bestfriend (a.k.a. my sister from different parent, a.k.a. my beloved
x
smile lead me to understand who I am now. Then I would like to thank my role model,
the shadow that I always follow,Enrico Brayan Schiavon. I thank him for the help
to understand the value of myself, for the sincere “D” smile he shares, and foe the
effort to comfort me.
I give my love to my partners Adisya Valyathe friend that always assist me on
finishing my thesis and spare time for me to listen to my burdens. A love for my little
sister and brother from KKN, Lea “Neno” and Suronto, who never stop bothering
me with silly things that accidentally make me forget my burdens.
Best Regards,
xi
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE... 7
A. Theoretical Description... 7
1. The Theory of Character and Characterization...7
a. Theory of Character... 7
7. Theory of Interpersonal Relationship... 23
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the researcher would like to present the introduction of this
research. There are four sections included in this chapter. They are the background of
the study, objective of the study, problem formulation, and definition of terms. In the
background of the study the researcher explains the reason why the Inside Out film
screenplay becomes the object of the research. The next section is problem
formulation where the researcher will discuss the questions which will be the focus of
the research. Then, there is objective of the study. In objective of the study, the
researcher discusses the aims of the study. The last is definition of terms where the
researcher discusses the meanings of the keywords.
A. Background of the Study
Literature is one of creative works in human’s life. Literature is the portray of
reality and human’s life experiences. In An Introduction to The Study of Literature
book, Hudson (1958) states that “ Literature is a vital record of what men have seen
in life, what they have experienced of it, what they thought and felt about life through
Foreign Readers, provides another conclusion that literature is a permanent
expression in words of some thought or feeling in ideas about life and the world.
Thus, the readers are able to enhance the knowledge of understanding human’s point
of view in many ways by studying literature.
Other experts develop point of views of literature. Moody (1968) states that
literature springs from our inborn love of telling story, arranging words in pleasing
patterns, expressing in words some special aspects of our human experience. From
several statements above, it can be concluded that literature is human way of
expressing feelings where there is explicit emotions or tones, as well as poem which
is able to be seen from written or spoken form (p.2). Guerin (2011) broadens the
concept of literature from several points as perpetually being used in literary works.
Those points of literary works are setting, plot, character, structure, style, and
atmosphere (pp.6-16).
In this study, the researcher put concern on analyzing a film which has basics of
fictional structures, such as; characters, conflicts, and resolutions. A film always
includes at least one character to fulfill a plotlines so that the story gets more complex
and larger. It can be said that character in the film has big influence on how the film
flows. According to Phillips (2009), a character helps the viewers to understand the
character of the film itself and also to make the viewers involve themselves in the
story (p. 24). The characters have their characterization which can be seen explicitly
conflicts between characters in the film. This study specifically scrutinizes the
characters from a film through their words, facial expressions, and gestures.
However, in order to make a good and understandable film, the player/actor
needs a screenplay to synchronize every single piece of the plot and also synchronize
one character to another. This powerful film from Walt Disney Pictures and Pixar
Animation Studios, Inside Out, is an unusual film. The directors, Pete Docter and
Ronnie del Carmen, collaborate with the well known Paul Ekman as an expert on
Psychology of Universal Emotions. The film which was released on June, 19th2015,
has brought a scientific world into an animation. Inside Out tells a story about the
struggles of an eleven-year-old Rilley, who has to move to a different city, away from
her friends, away from her hockey league, and has a hard time pretending to be happy
for her parents. This film deals with her two dominant emotions, namely (her) Joy
and Sadness.
In this study, the researcher chooses the interpersonal conflict between Joy and
Sadness as the topic. Since the researcher’s major is in language teaching, later on
when having teenage students, the researcher and also the readers of this study will
have more knowledge in dealing with the students’ mood swing. Nowadays, a lot of
adults think that teenagers are always rebellious. This conditions make teenagers
feeling insecure on telling their interpersonal struggle with their surroundings.
Understanding teenage students struggle on their interpersonal conflict with others
The other reason is that this topic has never been discuss by any other studies.
There are several blogs and articles which talking about Inside Out(2015) but it only
refer to the characteristic of Joy and Sadness. Those articles never mention about the
meaning behind Joy and Sadness interpersonal conflict and what it caused toward
their personalities. Analyzing this topic will make the researcher and also the readers
understand how interpersonal conflict will bring great effect on someone’s
personality, especially in teenagers’ period.
B. Objective of the study
The aim of this study is to find the meaning of the interpersonal conflict
experienced by Rilley through her emotions, called Joy and Sadness, as seen in the
screenplay of Pete Docter’sInside Out(2015).
C. Problem Formulation
The problems of this study can be formulated as follows:
1. How are Joy and Sadness described in Pete Docter’s film,Inside Out?
D. Definition of Term
1. Interpersonal
Interpersonal is a skill where people is able to communicate with one
another. According to Sullivan, cited in Interpersonal Communication Relating
to Others (2009), interpersonal communication is a distinctive, transactional form
of human communication involving mutual influence, usually for the purpose of
managing relationship (p. 3). Beebes and Redmond (2009) elaborates
interpersonal into a connection which established when someone interact with
another person. This theory is one of the important theory which will be
elaborated into three other theories; the theory of interpersonal relationship,
theory of interpersonal communication, and the theory of conflict.
2. Conflict
Fadipe (2000) sees conflict as a form of disagreement in an establishment
between two individuals or groups who have cause to interact formally or
informally. Similarly, Miller and King (2005), see it as basically a disagreement
between two or more individuals or groups over compatible goals. Beebes and
Redmond (2009) explains that conflict occurs because of the differences of
personality which leads to have a different goals, needs, and experiences (p.216).
This conflict theory from Beebes and Redmond will be used to analyze the
elaborate into two ways on how a person sees conflict. The first is to see conflict
through its sources and the resolves of the conflict.
3. Personality
Personality originated from the Latinpersona, means a theatrical mask worn
by actor. According to Feist (2009), personality is a pattern of relatively
permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and
individuality to a person’s behaviour (p. 4). in this study, the theory of
personality by Freud (1927) will be used in order to understand the background
on how conflict occurs between two or more parties. This theory will understand
the background through the person point of view which differs from others’ point
of view.
4. Film Screenplay
Making film needs the processes on transforming written and graphic
sources into film. It takes three forms, one of those is a film screenplay. Phillips
(2009) states that a film screenplay is the very first version of the script.
Screenplay is made before the filming begins. It describes or supplies the setting,
7
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The chapter consists of three parts; review of related literature, theoretical
framework, and context of the film screenplay. The review of related theory consist
of the theories which function is to support or answering the problem formulations.
The theoretical framework consist of the importance and contribution of the theory on
supporting and solving the problems of the study. The last is context of the film
screenplay, which consists of the background of the primary data.
A. Review of Related Theories
1. Theory of Character and Characterization
a. Character
Abrams (1999), states that characters are the people who represented in
a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being
endowed with particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by
inferences from what the persons say and their distinctive ways of saying it
Forster (1927), differentiates characters into two parts: flat character
and round character. The flat character is presented without much
individualizing detail, and therefore can be fairly adequately described in a
single phrase or sentence. Barnet, Burto, and Cain (2010) add that a flat
character is a static character, who at the end of the story the character is
pretty much what he or she was at the start. Meanwhile, a round character is
complex in temperament and motivation and is represented with subtle
particularity; such a character therefore is as difficult to describe with any
adequacy as a person in real life, and like real persons, is capable of
surprising the reader. In short, round character is dynamic, changing
considerably as the story progresses.
According to Phillips (2009), a character on a film is imaginary
personages in fictional story. A character based on a real person or
combination of traits from several people. Character’s action and language
-and sometimes thoughts, dreams, -and fantasies - are the main ways viewers
come to understand the character and to involves the viewers in the story.
b. Characterization
As Rohberger and Woods (1971) state that characterization is a
particular personalities and physical attributes distinguish each character
into two sections. The first section is direct mean which can bee seen from
the character physical appearance. The second section, dramatic means,
shown by the situation where the character is involved, how the character
behaves, and how the character speaks.
Murphy (1972) then adds that there are nine ways to understand
characterization: (1) A characterization can be seen by its personal
description where the author of the novel gives picture of someone form it’s
way of appearing and what the character is wearing. In short, the author
describes a character by its appearances and clothes. (2) A characterization
of a character can be described trough the eyes and opinions of another.
Instead of describing a character directly the author gives a reflected image.
(3) Characterization also can be seen from it’s speech. In this part, the author
usually gives the image from the way the character speaks. Whenever a
character speaks, whenever the character is in conversation with another,
whenever the character puts forward an opinion, the character gives the
reader some clues to his character. (4) Past life also become one of the way
for an author to make a characterization. From past life the author can give
the reader a clue to events that have helped to shape a characterization of a
character. (5) A conversation of other characters and the things that other
characters describe about others characterization also included as one of the
about a character, the things that the other characters say often give the
reader clue to a character’s characterization. (6) Reaction is a clue to a
characterization by letting the reader understand how the character reacts to
various situations and events. sometimes helps the character to reveal its
characterization from how it react towards something that happen. (7) The
easiest way to make characterization of a character is by the author simply
mention the characterization directly in their novel. (8) Characterization also
comes from the way they think. (9) The last way is mannerism, where the
reader can analyze the character from its habit or mode of behavior (pp.
161-173).
2. Psychological Approach
Literature is not something that can be analyzed by counting the data or
using an interview - it’s not possible because sometimes the researcher of a
particular literature had passed away. The researcher finds that there are several
approaches that can be used to analyze literary work. One of them is called
Critical Approach from Rohberger and Woods (1971). Critical approach has
several branches of its own. Rohberger and Woods elaborate critical approach
into five other approaches. Those are formalist approach, biographical approach,
sociocultural-historical approach, mythopoeic approach, and psychological
This problem of this study is focusing on the interpersonal conflicts between
Joy and Sadness and the meaning of their interpersonal conflicts delivered from
the film screenplay. The conflicts triggered by their inside needs that can not be
fulfilled easily because the existence of others. The screenplay gives clue that
each character has their own needs with different ways on fulfilling their needs.
For that reason, psychological approach is being used to analyze the matters
between Joy and Sadness through psychological point of view. According to
Rohberger and Woods (1971), psychological approach is involving the effort of
the character to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent patterns. Moreover,
psychological approach can also help the readers understand about the thoughts
of the character and its behavior (p. 13). Guerin (2011) adds that psychology
approach is a psychology interpretation which afford many profound clues
toward solving a work’s thematic and symbolic mysteries (p. 201).
3. Personality Theory (Sigmund Freud)
When talking about character, personality will be discussed as it will be seen
in character’s behavior. Freud (1927) states in his bookThe Id and The Egothat
in every movement of a person, including what they think and what they do are
possible to happen consciously or unconsciously. The division of the physical
into what is conscious and what is unconscious is the fundamental premiss of
psycho-analysis; and it alone makes it possible for psycho-analysis to understand
Guerin (2011) then explains further about the Freudian Theory of
Personality. Freud separates mental process to three psychic zones: the id, the
ego, and the superego. The diagram (Fig. 2.3) helps to clarify the relationship
between ego, id, and superego, as well as their collective relationship to the
conscious and the unconscious and that only small portions of the ego and the
superego are conscious (pp. 204-205).
Fig. 2.1.2: Theory of Personality Diagram
The id it self is the reservoir of libido, the primary source of all psychic
theory. It functions to fulfill the primordial life principle, which Freud considers
to be the “pleasure principle”. Without consciousness of rational order, the id is
characterized by a tremendous and amorphous vitality. The id, in short, the
source of all our aggressions and desires. It is lawless, asocial, and amoral. Its
function is to gratify our instincts for pleasure without regard for social
length - the destruction and even self-destruction - to satisfy its impulses for
pleasure.
Theego is the rational governing agent of the psyche. Though the ego lacks
the strong vitality of the id, it regulates the instinctual drives of the id so that they
may be released in nondestructive behavioral patterns. Though a large portion of
the ego is unconscious, the ego nevertheless comprises what we ordinarily think
of as the conscious mind. The ego stands for reasons and good sense. It also
governed by the “reality principle”. Consequently, the ego serves as intermediary
between the world within and the world without.
The superego is largely unconscious. It is the moral censoring agency, the
respiratory of conscience and pride. It is the representative of all moral
restrictions the advocate of the impulse toward perfection. In short, as Freud
stated, it is as much as people have been able to apprehend psychologically of
what people call the higher things in human life. The superego serves to repress
or inhibit the drives of the id, to block off and thrust back into the unconscious
those impulses toward pleasure that society regards as unacceptable. Freud
attributes the development of the superego to the parental influence that
manifests itself in terms of punishment for what society considers to be bad
behavior and reward for what society considers good behavior. An overactive
superego creates an unconscious sense of guilt. The superego is dominated by
4. Theory of Conflict
As cited in Collaborative Approaches to Resolving Conflict as writen by
Isenhart (2000), there are severals definitions of conflict according to experts;
they are Edelman and Crain, Coser, Hocker and Wilmot (p.3).
According to Edelman and Crain (1993) conflict occurs when two people
cannot agree on the actions that one person takes or that he or she does not take
(p. 18).
Coser (1967) explains that conflict involves a struggle over values and
claims to scarce status, power and resources in which the aim of opponents is to
neutralize, injure, or eliminate rivals (p. 8).
Hocker and Wilmot (1991) explain further that conflict is an expressed
struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible
goals, scarce resources and interference from the other party in achieving their
goals (p. 23).
According to William Wilmot and Joyce Hocker (1995), interpersonal
conflict is an expressed struggle. Which means that someone expresses their
displeasure with a remark or by a nonverbal behavior such as glare, a steely
An expressed struggle at least occurs between two interdependent people. In
fact, people are interdependent on each other, what one person says or does
affects the others. People are more likely to have conflict with others whom they
spend time with because one person is connected to the other in some way. The
conflict that weighs most heavily on a person is those with people with whom we
interact most frequently. Conflict takes at least two people to have interpersonal
conflict.
The conflict may occur because two parties recognize they have
incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference. Conflict often happens
because two people want the same thing, but both can’t have it, or because what
one person wants is the opposite of what the other wants. The other reason is
when resources (time, money, or something else) are scarce. Also happens when
there are conflicting or incompatible goals, not enough of something to go
around, or someone is blocking what you belive is rightfully theirs, conflict
happens.
Isenhart (2000) states that conflict is a struggle for power, the way decisions
are made, the way we talk with each other, or unresolved problems from past
interactions (p. 2). Isenhart then adds in his book that there are several ways on
how conflicts occur and several ways that people approach conflict. There are
seven sources of conflict, this theories give clear knowledge on how conflict
1. Data
People have differences of opinion about the best sources, reliability,
and interpretation of data. Disputes about contractual, environmental, or
physical loss even reimbursement for damages often require objective
interpretation by neutral third parties to resolve the disagreement.
2. Interest
Every single person has their own of interests. The most common
sources of disagreement happens when people have their own specific
interest that different. This disagreement happen in where people bargain to
get their own needs - their own interests - such as; organizational policies,
work agreements, an divorce settlement.
3. Procedures
People may engage in a discussion if they agree with a way to solve
problems, make a decision, or resolve conflict. People put their interest on
the election result because they believe that election procedures are fair.
People trust on a certain thing or condition where it managed systematically.
4. Values
The hardest conflict to resolve involve differences of opinion about the
importance or priority of interests, opinions, or choices of directions.
value of certain things or conditions differently, these differences of point of
view mostly arouse conflicts.
5. Relationships
People cooperates with with others if they trust other people, feel
respected by others, do believe that other person is honest. A relationship
collaborates when there is a high level of comfort.
6. Roles
Roles often create conflict because of expectations for the role or power
imbalances created by the role. Every role where people takes positions can
be the reason why the conflicts occur. People from a different roles, have
different knowledge, and also different point of view on understanding
certain things or conditions.
7. Communication
Conflict is due to the results from how something is said. People’s
emotion become triggered by words that other person takes it personally or
interprets it as threatening. Conflict also occur when other people have
certain information that they believe is relevant that not being shared.
There are factors that influence the choice of style include in the importance
be approached. There are also several common ways of people approach
conflicts that Isenhart found. Those common ways are (pp. 26-27) ;
1. Avoiding
Avoidance occur when a person denies that there is conflict, changes
topics, and avoids discussion, and is noncommittal. This is the most effective
style in situations in which the complexity of the situation prevents solutions.
2. Accommodation
This condition happens when a person sacrifices its interests and
concerns while enabling others to achieve their interests. This style is
effective in situations in which there is not much chance of achieving one’s
own interests.
3. Compromising
This condition means that concessions by all parties, each party settles
for partial satisfaction interests. This kind of style becomes effective when
there will be no hard feelings for settling for less than expected.
4. Competitive
This style is characterized by aggressive, self-focused, forcing, verbally
assertive, and uncooperative behaviors that strive to satisfy one party’s
interests at the expense of the interests of others. This style is effective when
5. Collaborative
Collaborative is characterized by active listening and issue-focused,
emphatic communication that seeks to satisfy the interests and concern of all
parties. This style os effective when both parties reasonably balanced and
also valued the long-term relationship. It also perfect for both parties when
there is sufficient time and energy to create an integrative solution that will
satisfy both parties.
Ricaud-Droisy and Zaouche-Gaudron (2003) add that after realization of the
conflict, both parties will be able to elaborate resolution strategies of their
conflict. People in conflict want something. Many conflict occur because both
people can’t (or perceive that they can’t) achieve their own goals. Understanding
what the individuals in conflict want is an important step toward finding a way to
manage the conflict on achieving both goals, wants, or needs (p.158)
5. Theory of Motivation
In order to relate the idea of motivation itself with literary work, Petri (1981)
aims that Motivation is the concept the author use to describe the forces acting
on or within an organism to initiate and direct behavior. Concept of motivation
also used to explain the differences in the intensity of behavior. The author use
Then, Maslow as cited in Petri (1981) states that people’s desire in this
world is never satisfied. People are still struggling to get other things after
achieving a goal (p. 302). This part will mention about motivation which
underlying the interpersonal conflicts between Joy and Sadness through Inside
Out screenplay. Maslow (1943) mentions that there are five motives and needs
inside the hierarchy of needs.
Fig. 2.1.2: Maslow’s The Hierarchy of Needs diagram
The lowest part or the first need is physical needs, then safety needs, the
third is belongingness and love needs, then esteem needs, and the last is
self-actualization needs. Food, water, warmth, and rest are things or conditions to
fulfill the psychological needs. Then in safety needs is a condition where a
person can be free from physical threat and emotional harm. Then belongingness
belongingness in the society. After belongingness being fulfilled, people tend to
fulfill the next stage, esteem needs. Esteem needs can be categorized into two
parts, internal needs and external needs. Internal needs itself being fulfilled with
self-esteem such as accomplishment and self-respect. External needs are social
status and recognition. Then, the highest level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
is self-actualization needs.
Feist (2009) explains that Maslow develops the hierarchy of need during
1970’s into seven-stage models. Between esteem needs and self-actualization,
there are two other stage. Those stages are cognitive needs and aesthetic needs.
Cognitive needs are needs of knowledge and understanding, curiosity,
exploration, need for meaning and predictability. It tends to know more theorize,
to test hypotheses, or to find out how something works just for satisfaction. Then,
aesthetic needs are needs of appreciation, search for beauty and balance (p. 284).
Jung John (1978) adds that motivation is a motive that is regarded as causes
of behavior. Jung elaborates that motivation sometimes has the same way of
operates in generating response like emotion. In general, motivation is more
likely to be the cause or reason that underlie a given behavior. In short, compare
6. Interpersonal Communication
Beebes and Redmond (2009) state that interpersonal communication is a
distinctive, transactional form of human communication involving mutual
influence, usually for the purpose of managing relationships (p. 3). Furthermore;
interpersonal communication has degrees of intimacy when interacting with
others, eventhough interpersonal communication itself is a closer interaction of a
person with others. First, interpersonal communication transaction between one
person and another influence themselves. All partners which join a
communication are affected by a transactions. For example, a person will not
really affected by a brief smile that you received from a traveling companion, but
a person will get highly affected when his/her lover telling he/she that the lover
leaving them. Second degree is that interpersonal communication helps
individuals manage their relationships. This condition happens when two
individuals are in relationship, what one person says or does influences to the
other person.
Interpersonal communication is a really important communication which
occurs every single time and it has it is reasons. Beebes and Redmond (2009),
further explain that interpersonal communication can improve relationships with
Interpersonal communication has several principles which explained by
Beebes and Redmond. This principles explain further about the nature of
interpersonal communication itself (p. 21). Those principles are ; (1)
Interpersonal communication connect use to others, (2) Interpersonal
communication is irreversible, (3) Interpersonal communication is complicated,
(4) Interpersonal communication is governed by rules, (5) Interpersonal
communication involves both content and relationship dimensions.
7. Theory of Interpersonal Relationship
Interpersonal relationship happens because the interpersonal communication
that occurs become more dependent with one another. According to Steven
Beebe, Susan Beebe and Mark Redmond (2009) relationship itself is a
connection which established when someone communicate with another person
(p. 252). Beebes and Redmond stated that interpersonal relationship is a
perception shared by two people of an ongoing interdependent connection that
results in the development of relational expectations and varies in interpersonal
intimacy. Beebes and Redmond explain further about the elements of
interpersonal relationship. There are four elements of interpersonal relationship
a. Shared Perception
Both individuals must share a perception that they have an ongoing
relationship. Generally, the greater the similarity in perceptions of the
relationship, the stronger the relationship.
b. Ongoing Interdependent Connection
An ongoing interdependent connection, means that the interpersonal
relationship is a system and a process. Interdependence occurs because each
partner relies on the other to meet the needs. As a system, an interpersonal
relationship is transactional; that is both partners affect each other
simultaneously. As a result, a change in one partner has a direct impact on
the relationship and on the other partner. As a process, a relationship is
dynamic, constantly changing, and evolving.
c. Relational Expectations
Any time a person interact with someone, they will bring a set of
performed expectation based on your socialization and experiences; but as
someone develop an international relationship, a person and their partner
establish expectations specific to that relationship. These expectations are
d. Interpersonal Intimacy
Interpersonal intimacy is the degree to which relational partners
mutually confirm and accept each other’s sense of self. The closer the
relationship, the more someone depend on a partner to accept and confirm
their own sense of self; and the other hand their partner does the same.
8. Theory of Meaning
Meaning has two different parts, surface meaning and deeper meaning.
Holman and Harmon (1972) elaborate that surface or denotation meaning is the
exact meaning of a word, independent of its emotional coloration or association,
without embellishment (p.108). Then, deeper or connotation meaning is the
emotional implications that words may carry. Deeper meaning may be private
and personal. It shows the result of individual experiences (p.133).
B. Theoretical Framework
The researcher implements several theories to support the two formulated
problems mentioned in Chapter I. To solve the formulated problems, the researcher
has to find several theories to conduct the study. Even though each problem has main
strong theories, other theory which not strongly mentioned also included to make the
formulation which will make the statement stronger. Those theories are theory of
character and characterization, psychology approach, personality theory, theory of
conflict, theory of motivation, theory of relationship, and the last important theory is.
To answer the first problem formulation, the researcher uses theory of character and
charactrization from Barnet (2010) and Murphy (1972). these theories are used to
analyzed what kind of personality the characters have, so that the researcher will find
the motives behind their reactions of events. Then to solve the second problem
formulations the researcher uses interpersonal relationship theory also from Beebes
and Redmond (2009). This theory will help the researcher to reveal the reaction
behind their conflicts - the meaning why the conflicts occur.
C. Context of the Film Screenplay
In this part, the researcher gives information about the author of the novel.Inside
Out (2015) is an animation film by Pete Docter. The director who was born in 9th
October 1968 is a famous director which films also become big hits, Monster
Inc.(2001) and Up (2009). He is such a famous director with bizarre and imaginative
mind (The New York Times; 2015).Inside Out is in the top rank of PIXAR inspiring
film. This film began developing in 2009 after Ellie’s, Pete’s eleven-year-old
film wins a “film of the Year” from AFI AWARDS, USA (2016) and also “Best
Writing, Original Screenplay” from ACADEMY AWARDS, USA (2016).
Throughout the film screenplay, the setting of the film is in Rilley’s head, called
“Personality Island”. The journey starts when Joy suddenly appeard and followed by
Sadness, Fear, Disgust, and Anger. These five are monitoring Rilley’s life and
producing her responses to every situations. This condition pictures how preteen girl
reacts to everything around. The five emotions are being validated by the help of Paul
Ekman, a well-known psychologist of emotions, and Dacher Kelther, a professor of
psychology. Indise Out, according to Pete Docter and his team, has functions to find
an answer of how emotional life on an eleven-year-old girl will be.
After all,Inside Out film by Pete Docter, is a film that describes how emotions
drive a preteen girl. In the film Docter gives clear personage of those emotions as Joy,
Sadness, Fear, Disgust, and Anger, who grapple for control of the mind of preteen
girl during the tumult of a move from Minnesota to San Franscisco. Docter
personages each character with its own characterizations. The emotions also have
28
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of three parts. The first part is the Object of the Study. In
this part, the researcher provides the summary of the film. The next part is the
Approach of the Study. In this part, the researcher elaborates the approach to solved
the research problems. The last part is the Method of the Study. It explains more
about the way or steps of accomplishing the objective of this research.
A. Object of the Study
The object of the study is a film screenplay of“Inside Out”by Pete Docter. The
film produced in 2009 then released in 2015 under the production company of
PIXAR Animations Studios and Walt Disney Pictures. This film is 1 hour and 34
minutes in length and the screenplay itself consists of 130 pages. The screenplay
depicts the characters and its dialogues, setting, and the detail explanations of certain
point, such as the details of the setting and the characters’ movements. The script also
gives signs on the dialogues to indicate how the characters speak their dialogues, such
as (CONT’D), (V.O.), and (S.O.).
comes from Pete Docter personal experiences. Pete Docter has eleven-year-old
daughter, Ellie, who is a lot like the character of young Ellie,Up (2009). The active
and hyperactive Ellie has made Pete Docter wander what was going on inside his
daughter’s head. The wandering makes Docter start the story of Inside Out film in
2009. In the end of Pete Docter’s idea, this film becomes a real portrayal of how
emotions work inside a person’s head, how people perceive the world, how they
express themselves, and how they evoke their responses to others.
In making the story, Pete Docter spoke to Paul Ekman - an expert on human
emotions - and Dacher Keltner - the founder of an institution called The Greater
Good Science Center. Docter and these two people agree on using five basic
emotions. The two of the five emotions becomes the focus who gives a big impact on
Rilley’s life. Joy defines Rilley’s personality and Sadness is the real star in the film
who guides the responses of Rilley towards the changes she is going through.
B. Approach of the Study
In this study, the researcher uses psychological approach. This approach’s
function’s is to analyze a person psychologically. By using this approach, the
researcher understands the reasons behind the interpersonal conflict happening
problems which are caused by Sadness and the importance of Sadness.
McLeod (2007) states that an approach that involves certain assumptions about
human behavior: the way they function, which aspects of them are worthy of study
and what research methods are appropriate for undertaking this study. There may be
several different theories within an approach, but they all share these common
assumptions.
In this research, the researcher focuses the most on the use of behaviorist theory
initiated by Skinner (1974). He says that people (and animals) are controlled by their
environment. Behaviorism is concerned with how environmental factors (called
stimuli) affect observable behavior (called the response).
C. Method of the Study
In conducting this study, the researcher uses document analysis to analyze the
film through the screenplay and also library research on solving the problem
formulation. From the document analysis, the researcher uses the film screenplay
which will be useful for the researcher. It is because the condition which happens in
the film screenplay is captured and put as evidence.
There are general steps used by the researcher to do the research. First, was
to understand the story deeper. After understanding the film, the researcher found
some important and strong points to be analyzed. Then the researcher broadened the
point in other particular point.
After that the researcher tries to answer the problem formulation on how Joy and
Sadness are described in the film through their interpersonal conflict. The next step is
to find the meaning behind the interpersonal conflict. Then the researcher tries to
relate the finding with the theories. The researcher also states several opinion about
the answers to the research problems After doing all those research, the researcher
32
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
This chapter deals with the answers to the questions of this study. The first one
discusses the description of Joy and Sadness. The second question aims to analyze the
meaning behind the characters’ interpersonal conflict.
A. The Description of Characters
1. The Description of Joy
Joy is actually an emotion of preteen girl, Rilley, however, in Inside Out
film she becomes the central character. She becomes the central character
because she involved in all of the events in the story. Joy is a round character,
who has different side at the end of film. Joy has several direct characteristics
which can be seen from her physical appearance.
Since her physical appearances have meanings, then the researcher will
elaborate deeper about Joy’s appearances. Those appearances give brief
explanation that Joy is an energetic character. Starting from her skin with vibrant
light color which follows her like a spotlight. It means that she is a center of
Rilley’s life which is more important than any other characters of emotion. Just
happens because without Joy Rilley can not be happy since Joy is the only
one who can make Rilley happy. In the screenplay, Sadness says if Joy was not
in Headquarters, Rilley would not be happy and they need to make Joy back to
the Headquarters (p.45). Bing Bong also realizes that without Joy, Rilley can not
be happy, so Bing Bong asks Joy and Sadness to follow him to go back to the
Headquarters (p.66).
Then her messy hair explains that she has no time to comb her hair because
whenever she wakes up, the things that she wants to do is to jump into
everything which is interesting for her. This condition can be seen from her
behavior in several situations mentioned in the screenplay. It mentions that “Joy
jumps back into driving position”(p.3) and “Joy pops up the Core Memory
Holder. Inside are five intensely bright golden memories” (p.6).
“Joy plays the accordion around Headquarters. The others appear, looking grumpy. Joy yells over the noise.
Joy : Hello! Did I wake you? Anger : Do you have to play that?
Joy : Well, I have to practice. And I don’t think of it as playing so much as hugging.
She tosses aside the accordion and runs off.
Joy : Okay, first day of school! Very, very exciting! I was up late last night figuring out a new plan. Here it is.”(p.34)
The next point is her green dress. Joy’s green dress’ means that Joy is giving
harmony, balance, center, and refreshment either for the other emotions or Rilley
herself. Joy’s green dress shows that she is actually the center of other four
widely-known theory called The Wright Theory about the meaning of colors
toward psychology.
“GREEN.Balance
Positive: Harmony, balance, refreshment, universal love, rest, restoration, reassurance, environmental awareness,equilibrium, peace.
Green strikes the eye in such a way as to require no adjustment whatever and is, therefore, restful. Being in the centre of the spectrum, it is the colour of balance - a more important concept than many people realise. When the world about us contains plenty of green, this indicates the presence of water, and little danger of famine, so we are reassured by green, on a primitive level.”.
Other meaning comes from her bare feet. Her bare feet are an express of a
person that fully energize and difficult to control. Like in the screenplay, shown
that Joy likes to jump here and there. In an interview of a USA Online News
(2016), called USATODAY, the director explains the meaning behind Joy’s bare
feet. On the interview, Pete Docter declares that Joy’s bare feet and pixie
reinforce her rambunctious character.
After all the direct meaning have been elaborate, it can be concluded that
Joy is an energetic character. The next part of all is Joy’s dramatic meaning
which can bee seen by the situation where the character involves.
1. Optimistic
Joy is an optimistic character. She like to see the positive on everything.
When other characters are giving up to face certain things then Joy will
ways to solve it. As seen in the screenplay that Joy positively thinks that the
new house will be great for Rilley to live when the other characters are
feeling doubtful. She keeps saying good things so the other characters will
think the same way.
“Anger : I can’t believe Mom and Dad moved us here!
Joy : Look, I get it. You guys have concerns. But we’ve been through worse! Tell you what: let’s make a list of all the things Riley should be HAPPY about!
Anger : Fine. Let’s see... this house stinks, our room stinks... Disgust : Pizza is weird here...
Sadness : Our friends are back home...
Fear : And all of our stuff is in the missing van! Joy : Oh c’mon, it could be worse...
Disgust : Yeah, Joy. We could be lying on the dirty floor. In a bag” (p.29)
Then there is a condition where Joy and Sadness are lost in long term
memories, which is like labyrinth. When the islands break down, Joy tries
even harder to go out from the long term memories to save Rilley. As can be
seen from the screenplay that Joy positively thinks that there is a way out of
there.
“Sadness: Wait! Joy, you could get lost in there! Joy : Think positive!
Sadness : Okay. I’m positive you will get lost in there. That’s Long-Term Memory. An endless warren of corridors and shelves. I read about it in the manuals.
Joy stops. Sadness is right. But wait!
Other evidence is where Sadness who is full of depressive knowing that
it is a long way to take and she does not want to go around again, Joy hugs
the core memories - which one of those is the memory while Rilley playing
around with Meg - and she wants to make it to happens again. In
consequence, she goes to the labyrinths and pulls Sadness leg.
“Joy :(trying to stay positive)We’ll just have to go the long way. They turn to look back into the deep memory shelves.
Sadness :Yeah. The long, long, looong way.I’m ready.
Sadness lies down on the ground, offering her leg. Joy sighs. She doesn’t want to do this again.
Joy : Ah, yes.(pulling Sadness)There’s gotta be a better way.” (pp.63-64)
2. Determined
Determined is part of Joy character in Inside Outfilm. She never gives
up on whatever she wants to achieve. Her determinedness is mostly shown
when she and Sadness are out from Headquarters. In the screenplay, Joy
tries her best to go back to the Headquarters from the thin bridge that
connects Goofball Island with the Headquarters. The first strong evidence
from the screenplay is that even in labyrinth, Joy is not stopping to find the
way out even she has to pull Sadness leg here and there.
“Joy : You are my map! Let’s go! Lead on, Mind Map! Show me where we’re going!
Sadness : Okay! Only, I’m too sad to walk. Just give me a few... hours. Joy grabs Sadness’ leg and DRAGS her into the shelves.
Sadness : Right.(Joy turns right)No. I mean, go left. I said left was right, like “correct.”
Joy : Okay.
Sadness : This actually feels kind of nice.
Joy heads off into the COMPLICATED LABYRINTH ahead of them. Joy : Okay! Here we go. We’ll be back to Headquarters before
morning. We can do it. This’ll be easy. This is working!” (p.57)
Not only the evidence above that shows Joy is a determined character,
but there is another one when she is in the Memory Dump with Bing Bong.
Joy really tries her best - with the help of Bing Bong and his rocket - going
out from the Memory Dump. Joy and Bing Bong sing the rocket’s song over
and over again so the rocket will fly high.
“EXT. MEMORY DUMP - LATER
They perch the wagon atop a hill. Joy looks resigned. Joy : Hop in!
Both inside, Bing Bong pushes off. They speed down a slope to gain momentum, singing all the way. They reach the bottom and shoot up another hill, launching up towards the cliff top. Joy and Bing Bong enthusiastically, if not desperately, sing at the top of their lungs. Not even close. They crash back to the bottom.
Joy(CONT’D): C’mon!
EXT. MEMORY DUMP - MOMENTS LATER
They shoot down a taller hill for another go. They SING faster and louder. Joy reaches for the ledge but they fall with a thud. Bing Bong stands. There’s no way they’ll make it. He looks up at the ledge and then to his hand -- it’s disappearing!
Bing Bong : Come on, Joy. One more time. I’ve got a feeling about this one.
EXT. MEMORY DUMP - MOMENTS LATER
Hurdling down the largest hill yet, they continue to sing Bing Bong’s song.
Bing Bong times it just right... and jumps out of the wagon.Without his weight, the Joy gains momentum. She’s unaware of Bing Bong’s absence.
Joy : We’re gonna make it!
The rocket makes it over the ledge! It crashes atop the cliff.” (pp.110-111)
3. Reliable
Joy has a personality to lead others. She knows how to deal with
problems then solves it calmly. Most of the time she controls the situation
they had to face.
“Joy : Okay, first day of school! Very, very exciting! I was up late last night figuring out a new plan. Here it is. (to Fear)Fear! I need a list of all the possible negative outcomes on the first day at a new school.
Fear : Way ahead of you there. Does anyone know how to spell “meteor?”
Joy : Disgust! Make sure Riley stands out today... but also blends in.
Disgust : When I’m through, Riley will look so good the other kids will look at their own outfits and barf.
Joy : (addressing herself)Joy! Yes Joy? You’ll be in charge of the console, keeping Riley happy all day long. And may I add I love your dress, it’s adorable. Oh, This ol’ thing? Thank you so much, I love the way it twirls...
Toot Toot! A train rushes by outside.
Joy : Train of Thought! Right on schedule.
The engineer waves from the cab and drops off a large bag.
Joy : Anger! Unload the daydreams. I ordered extra in case things get slow in class.
Anger : Might come in handy, if this new school is full of boring useless classes, which it probably will be...” (pp.34-35)
This condition makes others depend on her. When she disappears to the
in controlling the console. At that time of desperation, Disgust even hopes
that Joy was in the Headquarters (p.46).
4. Supportive
Over her optimistic attitude, she mostly becomes supportive to others.
She tries her best not to let others think negatively. Even when other
characters look down on themselves, Joy always gives good words to them.
This condition happens between Joy and Sadness, because Sadness likes to
think negatively, she tend to be so depressive. The screenplay gives a plot
where Joy wants to make Rilley happy, but Sadness touch one of the core
memory then the memory ball turns into blue, also Rilley start to feel sad.
Right at the moment, Joy drags Sadness to a bookshelf corner to make her
stay away from the balls.
“Sadness: I know. I’m sorry. Something’s wrong with me. It’s like I’m having breakdown.
Joy : You are not having a breakdown. It’s stress. Sadness : I keep making mistakes like that. I’m awful... Joy : Nooo, you’re not.
Sadness : ...and annoying.
Joy : Well... uh... You know what? You can’t focus on what’s going wrong.There’s always a way to turn things around, to find the fun!” (pp.24-25)
Then, there is a plot in the screenplay where Joy Praise to Sadness that
wake Rilley up using scary dream is a good idea. Over Joy’s praise, Sadness
“Joy : Hey, that was a good idea. About scaring Riley awake. You’re not so bad.
Sadness : Really? Joy : Nice work.
Joy turns to sit on a crate inside the train.” (p.102)
Then this situation goes on when finally they get in the Headquarters. In
that moment Joy asks Sadness to lead Rilley’s emotion but Sadness is not
sure about it, then Joy makes her sure that she can do it.
“Disgust: Joy, you’ve got to fix this. Get up there. Joy : Sadness, it’s up to you.
Sadness : Me?
Joy pushes Sadness towards the console. Anger/Fear/Disgust : Sadness?!?
Sadness : I can’t, Joy.
Joy : Yes you can. Riley needs you.
Sadness looks at Joy. Really? Joy nods.” (pp.120-121)
Having those characterizations which already mentioned above can be
concluded that Joy is also a light-hearted character. From energetic,
optimistic, hardworking, and also supportive make her a perfect
light-hearted character which never been seen in a desperation. Joy has solving
problems as character in Inside Out film with positively think that
everything will be okay and do things without whining.
2. The Description of Sadness
Sadness is also an emotion of preteen girl, Rilley, who also becomes the
central character in Inside Out film. She becomes the central character because
character who has different side at the end of the film. At first, even Joy states
that she does not understand the existing purpose of Sadness (p.6). Then
everything comes in conclusion that Sadness is actually also an important
emotion for Rilley. As Joy predicts, Rilley gets sad and cries when she missed
the winning shot but her parents and friend comfort her so she can be happy
again. At that moment, Joy realizes the importance of Sadness (p.109). Sadness
has several direct means which also can be seen from her physical appearances.
Sadness is a character which being portrayed as a short chubby girl who has blue
silky hair, blue colored skin, teardrop-like shape of body, with big round glasses
and woolly sweater.
Sadness physical appearances also have meaning on it. Start from her blue
hair and blue skin which in American culture blue is a color of sadness or
depression. A gastreontologist, Peter Whorwell from University Hospital Sout
Manchester says that by using the Manchester Color Wheel, between blue and
yellow, most people with anxiety like to chose blue as a mood color. A little bit
darker blue is a favorite color for people who are feeling sad and depressed
(access on September 27th, 2016). Paul Ekman (2007) describes blue as the “blue
mood”, the mood that comes out when people feel sad for many hours and
having a melancholy personality (p. 93). From the information above, the
researcher conclude that Sadness’ blue skin color tells that she is a depression
Sadness’ woolly sweater shows that she is a less-confident character. Albert
Lazano, as Character Art Director of Inside Out film, explains that actually he
tries to portray Sadness with pajamas like most of people who like to stay in
pajamas a whole day when they are sad (access on Spetember 27th, 2016). On the
other hand, by giving Sadness pajamas which then turns into woolly sweater,
shows that Sadness is also a clumsy character. When a person is wrap in pajamas
they tend to slow things down. They do not like things with will cause to much
interactive. This condition can be seen from the screenplay when Bing Bong, Joy,
and Sadness arrived in the lava daydream. The place where the couch cushions is
floating around over a lava and they have to jump to walk pass through it. In that
place, Sadness complains with the fact that she has to be so interactive (p.75).
Then, the next thing which portray Sadness personality is her big round
glasses. This big glasses shows that she is a nerd with wide knowledge of
Headquarters and everything around it. In that condition, the big glasses must be
the cause from the reading habit. The screenplay also mentions that Sadness
reads about the Long-Term Memory labyrinth which giving her and Joy clue to
get out from the labyrinth (p.56). she also understand how the abstract mind
works when Bing Bong try to show shortcut to get to the train of thoughts
(pp.71-73).
After all the direct meanings of Sadness have been elaborated, it can be
researcher will elaborate the dramatic meanings of Sadness which can be seen by
the way the situation happens where Sadness involves.
1. Pessimistic
Over all of Sadness character, pessimistic is the one show up from
Sadness until Joy makes her realize how important she is in Headquarters.
Before that, she almost never be positive over everything that happened.
Everything for Sadness is always an unable-to-be-finished problem and not
interesting. Most of the time, Joy asks Sadness to think positively. There is a
plot where Sadness is strongly believe that herself and Joy will be hard
getting out from the Long-Term Memory and it is almost impossible to get
out from there.
“Sadness: Wait! Joy, you could get lost in there! Joy : Think positive!
Sadness : Okay. I’m positive you will get lost in there. That’s Long-Term Memory. An endless warren of corridors and shelves. I read about it in the manuals.
Joy stops. Sadness is right. But wait!
Joy : The manuals? The manuals! You read the manuals! Sadness : Yeah...
Joy : So you know the way back to Headquarters! Sadness : I, guess..” (p.56)
Then other evidence of her pessimistic is when the Friendship Island is
broken. When Sadness sees that the Friendship Island has vanished, all that
screenplay, Sadness says, “Oh, Riley loved that one. And now it's GONE.
Goodbye friendship, hello loneliness”(p.63) with depressed expression
which can be seen from the film.
Then there is a time when Sadness does not have believe on herself
when Joy gives her the chance to take over the console.
“Disgust : Joy, you’ve got to fix this. Get up there. Joy : Sadness, it’s up to you.
Sadness : Me?
Joy pushes Sadness towards the console. Anger/Fear/Disgust : Sadness?!?
Sadness : I can’t, Joy.
Joy : Yes you can. Riley needs you.
Sadness looks at Joy. Really? Joy nods.” (pp.120-121)
This pessimistic character also make her easily depressed with negative
toughts. The evidence is when Sadness touch the core memory than it turns
into blue then Joy confronts her.
“Joy (CONT’D): Sadness! You nearly touched a core memory. And when you touch them, we can’t change
Sadness : I know. I’m sorry. Something’s wrong with me. It’s like I’m having a breakdown.
Joy : You are not having a breakdown.It’s stress. Sadness : I keep making mistakes like that.I’m awful... Joy : Nooo, you’re not.
