t bing 0604416 table of content

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LIST OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL PAGE………... ii

DECLARATION……….. iii

ABSTRACT……….. iv

PREFACE………... v

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………. vii

LIST OF CONTENTS………... ix

LIST OF TABLES………. xii

LIST OF FIGURES ………... xii

LIST OF APPENDICES……… xii

CHAPTER ONE: THE INTRODUCTION……….. 1

1.1 Introductory Remarks……….. 1

1.2 Background of the Study………. 1

1.3 Research Questions ……….. ………. 5

1.4 Clarification of the Terms………... 5

1.5 Purposes of the Study……….. …… 7

1.6 Significance of the Study………. …… 8

1.7 General Approach and Methodology of the Study……….. …… 9

1.8 Concluding Remarks……… …… 9

CHAPTER TWO: THE LITERATURE REVIEW………... 10

2.1 Introductory Remarks……….. …… 10

2.2 Teaching Writing………... 10

2.3 The Roles of Teacher in Teaching Writing………..…… 12

2.4 The Nature and Essential Problems in English as Foreign Language (EFL) Writing……… 13

2.4.1 Getting Started……….. …… 17

2.4.2 Writing Anxiety and Writer’s block………. …… 18

2.4.3 Building Self-Confidence………. …… 19

2.4.4 Building the Writing Habits……….. …… 20

2.5 A Genre-Based–An Approach Needed in Teaching Narrative Texts…... 21

2.5.1 The Model of Genre-Based Approach……….. 24

2.6 Narrative Texts………. 25

2.6.1 The Types of Narrative Texts……… 26

2.6.2 The Characteristics of Narrative Texts………... 27

2.6.3 The Schematic Structures and Language Features of Narrative Texts... 28

2.6.4 The Importance of Writing Narrative Texts………. 30

2.6.5 The Different of Narratives with Recounts………..………. 31

2.7. Journal Writing–A Technique Needed in Teaching Narrative Texts……… 32

2.7.1 The Types of Journal……… 35

2.7.2 The Benefits of Writing Narrative Texts through Journal Writing………... 35

2.7.2.1 Developing Students’ Writing Skill……….. 36

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2.7.2.3 The Value of Self-reflection and Assessment……… 37

2.7.3 The Stages of Teaching and Learning Narrative Texts through Journal ……… 39

2.7.3.1 Starting Out ………... 39

2.7.3.2 Keeping Going ……… 41

2.8 Related Research Findings……….. 45

2.9 Concluding Remarks……… 52

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY……… 54

3.1 Introductory Remarks………... 54

3.2 Research Methodology……… 54

3.3 Research Design………... 55

3.4 Research Site and Participants………. 56

3.5 Data Collection Methods, Instruments and Researcher’s Roles ………. 57

3.5.1 Data Collection and Instruments……….. 58

3.5.1.1 Observation……… 59

3.5.1.2 Interview……… 60

3.5.1.3 Questionnaire………. 61

3.5.1.4 Documentations Analysis……….. 62

3.5.2 Researcher’s Role………... 63

3.6 Data Analysis Method………... 64

3.7 Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL) as Texts Analysis Devices..………… 67

3.7.1 Theme and Rheme……… 67

3.7.2 Transitivity……… 69

3.7.2.1 Process and Participants……….. ………. 69

3.7.2.1.1 Material Process: Process of Doing……… 70

3.7.2.1.2 Verbal and Mental Process………... 71

3.7.3 Conjunctions………... 71

3.7.4 Modality……… 72

3.8 Establishing the Trustworthiness………... 73

3.8.1 Triangulation………... 74

3.8.2 Persistent Observation……….. 75

3.8.3 Thick Description………... 76

3.8.4 Member Checking………. 76

3.9 Concluding Remarks……….... 77

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION… 79 4.1 Introductory Remarks………. 79

4.2 Data from Observation: The Kinds of Activity that Take Place in the Process of Teaching and Learning Narrative Texts through journal……. 81

4.3 Data from Questionnaire………... 90

4.3.1 The Students’ Opinions about the Activity of Teaching and Learning Narrative Texts through Journal………... 91

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Texts through Journal………... 96

4.4 Data from Interview……….. 99

4.4.1 Students’ Interview………. 100

4.4.1.1 The Students’ Opinions about the Activity of Teaching and Learning Narrative Texts through Journal………... 100

4.4.1.2 The Obstacles that the Students Encounter in Writing Narrative Texts through Journal………... 104

4.4.1.3 The Benefits that the Students Obtain From Writing Narrative Texts through Journal………... 107

4.4.2 Teacher’s Interview………. …… 110

4.5 Overall Findings on Students’ Opinions about the Activity of Teaching and Learning Narrative Texts through Journal………. 115

4.6 Overall Findings on the Obstacles that the Students Encounter in Writing Narrative Texts through Journal……….. 117

4.7 Overall Findings on the benefits that the Students Obtain from Writing Narrative Texts through Journal……… 118

4.8 Documentation Analysis (Students’ Weekly Journal)………. ….... 119

4.8.1 Text Analysis 4.1……….. 123

4.8.1.1 Analysis of Schematic Structures………... …… 125

4.8.1.2 Analysis of Linguistic Features……… 128

4.8.2 Text Analysis 4.2……….. 130

4.8.2.1 Analysis of Schematic Structures……….... 132

4.8.3 Text Analysis 4.3……….. 137

4.8.3.1 Analysis of Schematic Structures……… 139

4.8.3.2 Analysis of Linguistic features……… 142

4.8.4 Text Analysis 4.4……….. 146

4.8.4.2 Analysis of Linguistic Features………... 150

4.8.5 Text Analysis 4.5……….. 153

4.8.5.2 Analysis of Linguistic Features………... 157

4.8.6 Text Analysis 4.6……….. 160

4.8.7 The Conclusion of Students’ Written Works………. 167

4.9 Concluding Remarks………... 168

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION………... 169

5.1 Introductory Remarks……….. 169

5.2 Conclusions………... 169

5.3 Suggestions……….. 172

5.4 Concluding Remarks………. .. 173

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APPENDICES……… 180

LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Eight Key Genres for Teaching Writing across the Curriculum…... 23

Table 2.2 Curriculum Cycle in Genre-Based Approach……….. 25

Table 3.1 The Research Schedule……… 58

Table 3.2 Data Analysis Categories of Teaching Narrative Texts through Journal………... 66

Table 3.3 The Exemplification of Topical Theme………..…... 68

Table 3.4 The Exemplification of Textual Theme……… 68

Table 4.1 Overall Findings on the Students’ Opinions………... 115

Table 4.2 Overall Findings on the Students’ Obstacles……… 117

Table 4.3 Overall Findings on the Students’ Benefits………... 118

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 The Research Design………... 78

Figure 4.1 The Relationship of Students’ Narrative Texts, the Benefits of Journal Writing and Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL)………… 121

APPENDICES Appendix One: Case Study Consent Form………. 181

Appendix Two: Classroom Attributes………... 182

Appendix Three: The Topics of Journal Writing Activity………... 183

Appendix Four: The Stages of Teaching Narrative Texts through Journal……… 184

Appendix Five: The Example of Narrative Texts……….. 189

Appendix Six: Interview Guidelines for Students………. 190

Appendix Seven: Interview Guidelines for Teachers……… 192

Appendix Eight: The Students’ Questionnaire Sheets………... 193

Appendix Nine: Lesson Plan……….………. 198

Appendix Ten: The Results of Classroom Observation………... 201

Appendix Eleven: The Students’ Interview Transcripts……….…………... 203

Appendix Twelve: The Teacher’s Interview Transcripts ……….. 211

Appendix Thirteen: The Research Documents ………... 214

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