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A SUBTITLING ANALYSIS ON DELETION
STRATEGY IN
JUST GO WITH IT
MOVIE
PUBLICATION ARTICLE
Written by
NOVA IRMAWATI
A320080094
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
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A SUBTITLING ANALYSIS ON DELETION STRATEGY IN JUST GO WITH IT MOVIE
Nova Irmawati (Student)
Dwi Haryanti (Consultant I)
Sigit Haryanto (Consultant II)
(School of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta)
novairmawati12@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the linguistic forms of deletion strategy in subtitling of Just Go with It, and (2) to describe the number of subtitlings which are equivalent and non equivalent after using deletion in subtitling of Just Go with It. In collecting of the data, the writer uses documentation method. The techniques for collecting the data are reading and selecting the data which can be categorized as deletions, classifying the linguistics form of deletion strategy, arranging the subtitling which is equivalent and non equivalent, and drawing conclusion. The collected data are analyzed by using Nida’s equivalences and part of speech theory. Based on the data analysis, the writer finds the linguistic forms in Just Go with It Movie and its Subtitle. They are verb, noun, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. The writer finds that from 150 data, there are 141 or 94% data belong to equivalent subtitle although there are strategy of deletion but the message of the SL and TL is not different contextually. And there are 9 or 6 data belong to non equivalent. So it means that the translation of Just Go with It movie and its Subtitle is good translation because there are almost 150 data belong to equivalent translation.
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1. Introduction
Background of the Study: As an international language, English often
becomes the object of research, particularly in the field of translation. Many
Indonesian researchers are mainly concentrated on the translation between
English and Indonesian. Translation is one of the ways to learn and understand
English. The important thing in translation is that the translation must be
natural without changing the meaning or the ideas. This translation becomes an
effective tool to transfer technology and knowledge among nations in the
world. It can be taken from translating a message from a source language into
target language.
There are a large number of translated sources that have been produced
by many translators. Those have been rendered into Indonesian by translator
from different background knowledge in fact, the higher the translator’s
background knowledge, the better the translation quality.
In getting knowledge, people have some media as facilitation. They are
textbook, television, radio, and film. Especially in film, translation does the
function in subtitling to make easy the audience to get the message. The
audience will interpret the meaning of the language used by the actor to
analyze the characters and the plot of film. But the interpretation process will
be a problem if it can not be interpreted well in order to get a good
understanding.
Szakorkowska (2010) in her translation journal states that:
Films can be a tremendously influential and extremely powerful vehicle for transferring values, ideas and information. Different cultures are presented not only verbally but also visually and aurally, as film is a polysemiotic medium that transfers meaning through several channels, such as picture, dialogue and music. Items which used to be culture-specific tend to spread and encroach upon other cultures. (Szarkowska, 2010)
Films have more influences for human being and invite the people to learn
or receive another culture. On balance, there is no universal and good-for-all
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various factors, such as history, tradition of translating films in a given country,
various audience-related factors, the type of film to be rendered, as well as
financial resources available. What the primary importance here is the mutual
relationship between the source and target cultures, as it will also profoundly
influence the translating process.
The position of interpreters becomes very important in film industries.
Not all the people understand with the conversation from the actor or the
content of the film. The requirement a film can tell how interesting story and
the message of the story are from subtitling which made by subtitler. But to
become a subtitler, they will find some problems such as making subtitling
readable and understandable although the subtitler has not known the
background of the film. From this case, the writer wants to analyze the deleting
strategy of the subtitler in interpreting the subtitling of a film.
Subtitle is sometimes added to films when they are released in a country with
different language to that used in film. It has to be done in order to broaden the
selling market of the film. Subtitle is also used in a variety of other films when
some dialogues are spoken in a foreign language, the subtitles are often placed
on the screen to enable the viewers understand what is said.
For making movie subtitle, interpreter has some strategies. There are
condensation, expansion, paraphrase, transcription, imitation, dislocation,
transfer, decimation, and deletion. From the strategies, interpreter can help the
audience to catch the message. Because of that, the culture of the source
language, idiom, and words are important thing by interpreter (Ghaemi and
Benyamin, 2010).
Concerning to the fact above, the writer wants to analyze the deleting
strategy of the interpreter to get understanding the subtitling of a film.
Deletion is one of the subtitling strategies which are used by some words in the
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The subtitler tries to produce brief subtitle for making easier the
audience in dividing their attention between the image of film and the meaning
of the language. If the subtitling is accepted by the audience, it will make the
audience feels enjoy watching the film and feels comfort in understanding the
film. Based on the reason above, it is interesting to analyze A Subtitling Analysis on Deletion in Just Go with It Movie.
Previous Study related to the research paper is coming from, the first is
Setyawan (UMS, 2010) who conducted the study entitled A Subtitling Analysis of Swearing Words in 48 Hours Movie and, the second research was done by Wahyuni (UMS, 2009) with her research entitled An Analysis Variations of Demonstration Pronoun in Ms Wiz Goes Live A Story Book by Terence Blacker and Its Indonesian Translation.
Problem Statement of this research is, “Knowing that the problem is the
most important part of research, the writer proposes the problem (1) What are
the linguistic forms of deletion strategies in the subtitling of Just Go with It movie? (2)What are the equivalent and non equivalent after using deletion?.
Objective of the Study are (1) to describe the linguistic forms of deletion
strategy in subtitling of Just Go with It and, (2) to describe the number of subtitlings which are equivalent and non equivalent.
Limitation of the Study is the translation analysis of deletion strategy in
subtitling of Just Go with It movie. The researcher focuses analysis only on
the deletion strategy applied by the translator in translating subtitling of
the Just Go with It movie. This limitation is done in order to get best result with sufficient energy, time and finding.
2. Underlying Theory
a. Notion of Translation
There are some definitions describing translation. Every expert has
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stated that” Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor
language. The closest natural equivalence of the source language
message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in the terms of style”.
b. Process of Translation
Translation process consists of three steps. This was stated by
Nida and Taber (1969:33). Those are: analyzing, transferring, and
restructuring. (1) Analyzing in which the surface structures are an in
term of (A) the grammatical relationship and (B) the meaning of the
word and combination of word,(2) Transferring in which the analyzed
material is transferred in mind of the translator from language A to
language B,(3) Restructuring in which the transferred material is
restructured in order to make the final message fully acceptable in the
receptive language.
c. Principles of Translation
(Nida and Taber, 1969:12-14) proposes some principles of translation
as follows: (1) Reproducing the message, (2) Equivalence rather than
Identity, (3) A Natural Equivalent, (4) The Closest Equivalent, (5) The
Closest Equivalent, (5) The Priority of Meaning, (6) The Significance
of Style.
d. Translation Equivalence
In the process of translating the foreign language, equivalence may
appear in different level, such as in the word level or the grammatical
level. Baker (1992:5) defines four kinds of equivalence, the equivalence
that can appear at word level and above word level, when translating
from one language into another. Grammatical equivalence, when
referring to the diversity of grammatical categories across languages.
Textual equivalence when referring to the equivalence between a SL
text and a TL text in terms of information and cohesion. Pragmatic
equivalence, when referring to imprimaturs and strategies of avoidance
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House (1977) argues that ST and TT should match one another in
function. If the ST and TT differ substantially on situational features,
then they are not functionally equivalent, and the translation is not of a
high quality. Dealing with the equivalence Nida and Taber in Nord
(1997:7) also state that “translating consist in reproducing in the
receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language
message”.
Nida in Nababan (2004:36) suggests formal and dynamic or functional
equivalence. Formal equivalence focuses attention on the message
itself, in both form and contain. It requires that “the message in the
target language should match as closely as possible the different
elements in the source language”. Dynamic equivalence is based on “
the principle of equivalent effect, where the relationship between the
receptor and message should be substantially the same as that which
existed between the original receptor and the message”.
e. Subtitling
Subtitling is the written translation of the spoken language (source
language) of a television program or film into the language of the
viewing audience (the target language) the translated text usually
appears in two lines at the foot of the screen (Hassanpuor, 2008).
f. Subtitling Strategy
Gotlieb has devised ten strategies that he sees at work in reducing a
text to subtitles, and which he classified as; 1. Expansion, 2.
Paraphrase, 3. Transfer, 4. Imitation, 5. Transcription, 6. Dislocation, 7.
Condensation, 8. Decimation, 9. Deletion, 10. Resignation (Gotlieb in
Ghaemi and Benyamin, 2010).
g. Deletion Strategy
Deletion is on of ten subtitling strategies commonly used by the
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If the meaning conveyed by a particular item or expression is not vital enough to the development of the text to justify distracting the reader with lengthly explanations, translator can and often do simply omit translating the word or expression in question (Baker, 1992:40).
From the statement above, deletion may also refer to pieces of
content rather than restructuring for grammatical purposes. Such a
deletion of expression or information is debatable in relation to the
translation of academic texts. For examples someone who writes an
academic text will not include unimportant information in his or her
writing. Similarly, someone who reads such a text should consider that
all information in the text is important. Translators also should have
ability read the text as the original readers or non-translator reader read
it. So, the notion of information deletion should not be used as ‘an
excuse’ to hide the inability of translators to understand and transfer
message of the original text. We can find it in every film’subtitling
which uses the deletion’s strategy (Nababan, 2004:42).
h. Linguistic Form
English language divides word into some classes depends on function
in the sentences. It is called part of speech. These types of words each
have specific purposes and are used to make up proper sentences. The
following is a brief overview of all eight words (Lingga, 2006:2).
1) Verb
A verb is a word that relays what a particular subject is or does.
It is a descriptive word. Some examples of verbs include run, sing, and
plays. The verb considered the “king” of English grammar because it
can be used to make a single –word sentence such as “Run!” No other
type of word (such as a noun or adjective) can produce a one- word
sentence (Lingga, 2006:4).
2) Noun
A noun is a person, place, or thing. For example, awriter,
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3) Adjective
An adjective compliments the noun in a sentence. It does so by
telling us more about the noun. Note this rule is also applicable to noun
phrases and pronouns. Essentially the adjecive modivfies the noun. For
example, in the sentence “I ride a small horse,” the adjective is small(
Lingga, 2006:3).
4) Adverb
Much like an adjective, and adverb also tell us more about a
word. Theis time, the rules applies to verbs. An example of an adverb in
action can be found the sentence :I type fast.” Fast is the adverb in the
sentence as it modifies the verb (Lingga, 2006:5)
5) Pronoun
Pronouns are simply short words that replace a noun. Pronouns
can be used in lieu of nouns. Each, some, themselves, you, she, are all
examples of pronnouns (Lingga, 2003:4).
6) Preposition
The preposition generally precedes a noun or pronoun. It is used
to express a relation to anothe element or word. Before is preposition in
the following sentence: “He arrived after breakfast.” (Lingga, 2006:6).
7) Conjunction
Conjunctions are used to join two part of a sentence. Common
conjunctions include and, or, nor, for, but, since, unless, and although (Lingga,
2006:7).
8) Interjection
Interjections are also small words. They are essentially short
exclamation like well!, okay! They have no real grammatical value but
we use them quite often, usually more in speaking than writing. When
interjections are inserted into a sentence, they have no grammatical
connection to the sentence, such as “Well, what did he say?”( Lingga,
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3. Research Method
In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative research. Seliger
and Shohamy (1989:118) state that “qualitative research attempted to present
the data from the perspective of the subjects or observed group, so that the
cultural intellectual.” The steps to conduct this research are (1) determining the
type of the study, (2) determining object of study, (3) determining data and
data source, (4) determining technique of data collection, and (5) determining
technique of data analysis. The object of this research is deletion of sentences
in subtitling of Just Go with It film.
The data source of this research are the manuscript and subtitling of Just Go with It. The data are all the sentences of deletion strategy in the Just Go With It movie and its subtitle.
The technique of data collection is documentation method, the steps are:
Looking the manuscript, looking for the subtitling text of Just Go with It film,
typing the manuscript and the subtitling of Just Go with It, and coding the data.
The technique used in analyzing the data is comparing method. There are some
techniques that researcher uses to analyze the data are reading and selecting the
data which can be categorized as deletions, classifying the linguistics form of
deletion strategy, analyzing the subtitling which is equivalent and non
equivalent, and drawing conclusion.
4. Research Finding
a. The Linguistic Form of Deletion Strategies in Subtitling Just Go With
It.
1) Verb
002/JGWI/SL001/TL001
SL : You look beautiful. Doesn’t she?
TL : Kamu cantik, ya kan?
From this subtitling, the words look is deleted by the subtitler. In
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subtitler is a bottle. Because two words have same meaning, so the lost of
one word does not decrease message of the source language. The noun
marker of sentence above is article of a. The real subtitling should be Satu botol, satu botol. Losing word makes the dialogue more readable.
3) Adjective
110/JGWI/ SL037/TL042
SL : I filled a long, long time ago. TL : Ini sudah lama sekali.
In the analysis of the source language, the word that is deleted by the
subtitler is long. Because two words have same meaning, so the lost of one
word does not decrease message of the source language. Here, the
adjective long modifies the noun time and the noun phrase long time is
the direct object of verb filled. The real subtitling should be Ini sudah lama, lama sekali. Losing word makes the dialogue more readable.
4) Adverb
049/JGWI/ SL019/TL022
SL : Your prettiness basically pushed him down the stairs. TL : Kecantikanmu yang mendorongnya jatuh dari tangga.
From this subtitling, the words basically are deleted by the subtitler. The
word basically are formed by noun and adding-ly. The adverb basically
describes the verb pushed. The purpose is to simplify the sentence without
changing the meaning. The subtitling should be Pada dasarnya kecantikanmu yang mendorongnya jatuh dari tangga?.
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SL : I’m not sure I’ll be able to make it this evening. TL : Aku tidak yakin bisa datang sore nanti.
In the target language, the subtitler does not translated into target
language fully. The word that is deleted by the subtitler is I. The pronoun
I refers to I in the sentence before. The deletion of I simplify the
compound sentence to be simple sentence. The lost of one word does not
decrease message of the source language. The real subtitling should be
Aku tidak yakin aku bisa datang sore nanti.
6) Preposition
145/JGWI/ SL057/TL064
SL : When were you planning on telling me about this children? TL : Kapan kamu berencana mengabariku soal anak-anak ini?
From this analysis, it can be seen from the source language which is
not fully translated into target language. One word is deleted is on. The
full translation can be Kapan kamu berencana untuk mengabariku soal anak-anak itu?. The preposition on are bound by predicative head. It is clearly prove that the target language is shorter than the source language
after it is deleted. In this deletion process, there is no change in the form of
the sentence. Both sentences are in the form of interrogative sentence.
7) Conjunction
149/JGWI/ SL059/TL066
SL : Our mom doesn’t know that you took us today. TL : Ibuku tidak tahu kamu mengajakku.
From this subtitling, the words that are deleted by the subtitler.
The subordinating conjunction "that" introduces the dependent clause "that
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In the analysis of the source language, the word that is deleted by
the subtitler is well. In the source language well has no grammatically
related to other part of the sentence. Interjection marker of sentence above
is followed by exclamation mark. The lost of one word does not decrease
message of the source language. The real subtitling should be Baiklah, karena itulah kita bercerai.
b. The Equivalence of the Sentence Found in the Just Go with It Movie
and its Subtitle
1) Equivalent Subtitle
Equivalent subtitle is identified by the appropriate content or message
being translated to the source language. The equivalent subtitle is readable
and understandable.
083/JGWI/ SL028/TL031 SL : Nice to see you, kids. TL : Senang bertemu kalian.
The target language of the datum above is equivalent. It is because the
source language is translated correctly into the target language. The source
language nice is translated into senang and to see you, kids Is translated into bertemu kalian. Therefore the target language Senang bertemu kalian is considered as equivalent subtitle.
2) Non Equivalent Subtitle
The inappropriate or unequal message being transferred from the
first language to the second language is known as non-equivalent subtitle.
031/JGWI/ SL013/TL015
SL : Look, I don’t know who you’re seeing. TL : Aku tak tahu kamu berpacaran dengan siapa.
The target language of the datum above is non-equivalent. It is because the
source language is not translated correctly into the target language. The
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considered as non-equivalent subtitle. The target language should be
Perhatikan, Aku tak tahu yang sedang kamu lihat.
5. Conclusion
From the previous analysis, the writer draws the following
conclusions. These conclusions answer the problem statements of this
research.
a. There are eight types of linguistic form found in Just go with it
movie, namely; verb, noun, adjective, adverb, pronoun,
preposition, conjunction, and interjection.
From 150 data, there are 26 or 17.33% data belong to verb, 17 or
11,33% data of noun, 12 or 8% data belong to adjective, 24 or 16%
data of adverb, 27 or 18% data of pronoun, 20 or 13,33% of
preposition, 6 or 4% data of conjunction and 18 or 12% data belong
to interjection. The preceded percentages shows that pronoun is the
most dominant.
b. The equivalence of the data is divided into two, they are;
equivalent subtitle and non- equivalent subtitle.
From 150 analyzed data, there are 141 or 94% equivalent subtitles
and 9 or 6% non-equivalent subtitle. From the preceded percentages, it
can be concluded that the translation of the sentences found in Just go with it movie and its subtitle is an equivalent translation.
In this research, the writer only analyzed the linguistic form and
equivalence of the subtitle found in Just go with it movie. There are a lot of aspects that can be analyzed from the subtitle of the same movie.
It is suggested to those who are interested in translation analysis to
analyze the other aspects of this subtitle, such as; the other sentence
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REFERENCES
Baker,Mona. 1992. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation.London and New York: Rouledge
Hatim,Basil and Ian Mason. 1997. The Translator as Communicator. London and New York: Rouledge
Lingga, Hotben D. 2006. Advanced English Grammar for TOEFL Preparation. Jakarta: Puspa Swara
Nababan,Mangatur. 2004.Translation Processes, Practices, and Products of Professional Indonesian Translator. Public Research Paper. Victoria University of Wellington
Nida, Eugene A and C.R Taber. 1969. The Theory and Practice of Translation.Netherland: United Bible Societies
Nord, Christiane. 1997. Translating as a Purposeful Activity. United Kingdom: St. Jerome Publishing
Seliger, Herbert W. And E. Shohamy. 1989. Second Language Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Setyawan,Budi. 2010. A Subtitling Analysis of Swearing Words in 48 Hours Movie. Unpublish Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Wahyuni. 2009. An Analysis Variations of Demonstration Pronoun in Ms Wiz Goes Live A Story Book by Terence Blacker and Its Indonesian Translation. Unpublish Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
Hassanpour,Amir.2008.Subtitling.http://www.museum.tv/aechieves/etrv/htm/subti tling.htm
Karamitrouglou,Fotios.2007.” A Proposed Set of Subtitling Standard in Europe.” Translation Journal. http://accurapid.com/journal/04stndrd.htm
Ghaemi, Farid and J. Benyamin. 2010. “Strategies Used in the Translation of Interlingual Subtitling”.Journal of English
Studies.http://www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf/1024220100103.pdf
