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, a y a Y , o e L , n a t n I ,l e m I , o j o J o t s e o g s s e n l u f k n a h t t x e n y M . d n e ir f t s e b y m l li t s s i e h S
e rt s d n a e g a r u o c n e s y a w l a o h w , ir d n I d n a , n a d n o B , i n e D , a v o
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i x
T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T S
E G A P E L T I
T ... i S
E G A P L A V O R P P
A ... ii E
G A P N O I T A C I D E
D ... i v Y
T I L A N I G I R O S K R O W F O T N E M E T A T
S ... v I
S A K I L B U P N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E
P ... v i T
C A R T S B
A ... .. v ii K
A R T S B
A ... v iii S
T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ... i x S
T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ... x i N
O I T C U D O R T N I 1 R E T P A H
C ... 1 .
1 .
1 Backgroundoft heStudy ... 1 .
2 .
1 ProblemFormulaiton ... 4 .
3 .
1 Objecitve soft heStudy ... 4 .
4 .
1 Benefti soft heStudy ... 5 .
5 .
1 De ifniitono fTerm s ... 5
I I R E T P A H
C REVIEWOFRELATEDLITERATURE ... 8 .
1 .
2 Reviewo fRelatedStudie s ... .... 8 .
2 .
2 Theoreitca lReview ... 9 .
1 . 2 .
2 Characte r ... 1 0 .
1 . 1 . 2 .
2 Meaningo fCharacte r... 1 0 .
2 . 1 . 2 .
2 Kind so fCharacte r ... 1 0 .
2 . 2 .
2 Characte irzaiton ... 1 2 .
1 . 2 . 2 .
2 Meaningo fCharacteirzaiton ... 1 2 .
2 . 2 . 2 .
2 Wayst oCharacte irzaiton ... 1 2 .
3 . 2 .
2 C iritca lApproaches... 1 4 .
4 . 2 .
ii x .
1 . 4 . 2 .
2 Meaningo fLove…. ... 1 4 .
2 . 4 . 2 .
2 LoveBetweenAhusbandandAwfie ... .. 1 5 .
3 . 4 . 2 .
2 RelaitonshipBetweenAHusbandandAWfiei nAFamliy…. 61 .
5 . 2 .
2 Marirage…………. . ... 1 9 .
6 . 2 .
2 Polygamy………. ... 1 9 .
3 .
2 Theoreitca lFramework ... 2 1
Y G O L O D O H T E M 3 R E T P A H
C ... 2 3 .
1 .
3 Objec toft heStudy ... 2 3 .
2 .
3 Approachoft heStudy ... 2 4 .
3 .
3 Methodoft heStud y ... 2 5
4 R E T P A H
C ANALYSIS ... 2 7
. 1 .
4 TheDescirpitono fMairamandLalia ... 2 7 .
1 . 1 .
4 Characte irzaitono fMa iram ... 2 8 .
1 . 1 . 1 .
4 Fatihfu l... 2 8 .
2 . 1 . 1 .
4 Reilgiou s ... 2 9 .
3 . 1 . 1 .
4 Uncon ifden t ... 3 0 .
4 . 1 . 1 .
4 Naïve... 3 2 .
5 . 1 . 1 .
4 Weak ... 3 3 .
2 . 1 .
4 Characte irzaitono fLalia ... 3 4 .
1 . 2 . 1 .
4 Pretty ... 3 4 .
2 . 2 . 1 .
4 Smatr... 3 5 .
3 . 2 . 1 .
ii i x .
4 . 2 . 1 .
4 Brave ... 3 9 .
5 . 2 . 1 .
4 F irendly ... 4 0 .
3 . 1 .
4 MairamandLaliaa sARoundFla tCharacteri nt heNovel... 4 1 .
2 .
4 TheMeaningo fLovef o rMairamandLalia ... 4 3 .
1 . 2 .
4 TheMeaningo fLovef o rMairam ... 4 6 …
… … … g n i c if ir c a S . 1 . 1 . 2 .
4 ... 4 7 .
2 . 1 . 2 .
4 Loyatly ... 4 8 .
3 . 1 . 2 .
4 Understanding ... 4 9 .
4 . 1 . 2 .
4 Beings ubmissive ... .. 5 1 .
2 . 2 .
4 TheMeaningo fLovef o rLalia ... 5 3
5 R E T P A H
C CONCLUSION,I MPLICATION ,SUGGESTIONS ... 56 n
o i s u l c n o C . 1 .
5 ... 5 6 .
2 .
5 Impilcaiton ... 5 9
s r e h c r a e s e R e r u t u F r o f n o it s e g g u S . 3 .
5 ... 5 9 S
E C N E R E F E
R ... 61 S
E C I D N E P P
A ... 6 2 s
’i n i e s s o H d e l a h K f o r e v o C 1 x i d n e p p
A AThousandSplendidSuns... 6 3 s
’i n i e s s o H d e l a h K f o y r a m m u S 2 x i d n e p p
A AThousandSplendidSuns........ 64
3 x i d n e p p
1
I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h
T o f ifve patrs: background o fthe study ,problem if
e n e b , y d u t s e h t f o s e v it c e j b o , s n o it a l u m r o
f t soft he study ,and deifniiton t erms . y
d u t s e h t f o d n u o r g k c a
B presents abou tthe reason why the wrtie rchooses et h n o it a m r o f n i t n a tr o p m i e m o s s e b ir c s e d o s l a r e ti r w e h t , e r e H . c i p o t e h t d n a l e v o n
m r o f e h t n i n o it p ir c s e d l a r e n e g s t n e s e r p n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r P . c i p o t e h t o t d e t a l e r
n o it s e u q f
o s tha twli lbediscussed i nt hi sstudy .Objecitves oft hestudydescirbes e
t u o b
a xpected answer sto the quesiton sformulated in problem formulation . y
d u t s e h t f o s ti f e n e
B descirbes aboutt hepeoplewhowli lge tbene if toft hestudy . s m r e t y e k f o s n o it i n if e d t u o b a t n e s e r p l li w t I . s m r e t f o n o it i n if e d s i t s a l e h t d n A
y d u t s e h t o t d e t a l e
r .
1 .
1 Backgroundoft hes tudy 3 8 9 1 ( t n e m z O o t g n i d r o c c
A ) ,mariragea sasharedr esponsiblitiybetween r
e h t o n a e n o f o s n o it a t c e p x e e s o h w , e fi w d n a d n a b s u
h a reclealrydeifned (p .50) . t
a h t s n a e m t
I a husband o r a wfie ha shi so rhe rrole in famliy .I tis bette ri fa t
n o c t o n s e o d d n a b s u
h ro lo fallt hingsi nhisf amliy .Therei sawfiewhoi salway s t
n e m z O . y li m a f r i e h t g n il l o rt n o c n i d n a b s u h r e h p l e h o t y d a e
r (1983) also s say
d n a b s u h a f o s e it u d c i s a b e h t t a h
t a reto providefor t he weflare o fhi swfie and s
i h t c e t o r p o t , n e r d li h
c household from any who would harm them ,and to rule y
li m a f s i h r e v
o a nd servant swtih a frim but j us thand . tI i sclea rthat the main
e r a d n a b s u h a f o s e l o
r protecitng hi sfamliy and fulifll t he famliy need s(p .50) . w
d l u o h s n e
M orkhard i n ordert o ge tsomemoney t o f uflli lhisf amliy need .s I n n a c n a m o w , s e s a c e m o s n i t u B . y li m a f f o r e n n i w d a e r b e h t e r a n e m , d r o w r e h t o
. y li m a f r e h f o r e n n i w d a e r b a e b o s l a
O ezm n t(1983 )says tha ta wfie i s no maid o rcommon servan to fhe r d
n a b s u
h .A she i s the“fathe rof t he house” ,she i s the “mothe rof t he house’ ,a (
t c e p s e r l a u q e d n a y ti r o h t u a h g i h f o n o it i s o
p p .54) .I tmeanst ha tahusband can .
e fi w s i h o t s t n a w e h t a h t g n i h t y r e v e o d t o
n A wfiei sno thusband’ sservant ,bu t f
s ’ d n a b s u h s i e h
s irend;f irendi nhappy o rsad moments .Theyareequali nevery .
t c e p s a
h
A usbandandawfies hould beablet omaintaintherir elaitonship .Agood d
n a d n a b s u
h awfier elaitonship alsob irng good effectt othef amliy.I tmakest he e
b y li m a f e h t n i n o it a u ti
s come comfo trable t o ilve i n .Chlidren also grow up as e
v a h o h w e l p o e
p affecitonate feeilng fo rothers .Love among them i sa key fo r .
s s e n i p p a h r i e h t
o
L ve between a husband and a wfie i san interesitng topic to discuss . c
i p o t ri e h t s a s i h t e s u s l e v o n y n a
M . Byr eadingnovel ,wecanl earno rs eehuman ri
e h t d n a s g n i e
b nature . Reading a novel also gives u s lesson abou t lfie e
v o l e k il s n o i s s e r p x
e .Rohrberger and Woods .rJ (1971) ys a tha t a p irmary s
i l e v o n e h t f o n o it p m u s s
a thati twould r epo trt heaciton sofi ndividua lcharacter s e h t o t y ti c it n e h t u a f o n o i s u ll i e h t e t a e r c o t t n a d n u b a d n a t n e i c if f u s s li a t e d h ti w
d lr o w y a d y r e v e e h t f o s t c a f l a ir e t a
m (p .29) . tIi sgoodf ort hereade rbecause ythe fi
l t u o b a n o s s e l e h t t e g n a
c ewtihou texpeirencei tbyt hemselves .Fo rexamplewe m
o c e b f o g n il e e f e h t w o n k r e v e
3
“AThousandSplendidSuns”wecange tsomei mpo tran tpoint sabou thow tif eel s e fi w d n o c e s d n a e fi w t s ri f e h t n e e w t e b t a h t n r a e l n a c o s l a e W . e fi w d n o c e s a e b o t
s y a w l a t o n s i e r e h
t a if , ght butt heycanbegood f irends .Byr eading anovel ,we e
fi l n i a g n a
c expeirences and some impo tran tthing sfrom anothe r person’ s s
e c n e ir e p x
e .
l e v o n s ’i n i e s s o H d e l a h
K “A Thousand sSplendid Suns” talks abou ta t
s i n a h g f A n i y li m a
f an .Histo ircally ,a ttha t itme thi scounrty wa sunde rSovie t .
tl u c if fi d e m a c e b e fi l e h t o s , l o rt n o
c Thestoryi saboutaf amliywhereahusband d
n a b s u h e h t , d e e h s a R . s e v i w o w t s a
h , ha sMairam and Laliaa shi swives .In the m
a f s u o m a g y l o p r i e h t f o g n i n n i g e
b liy,t het wowive shateeachother . tIi snorma l . d n a b s u h r i e h t ” e r a h s “ o t e v a h y e h T . d n a b s u h e m a s e h t e v a h o h w n e m o w o w t r o f
t I . d n a b s u h r e h s e v o l y ll a e r , m a ir a M , e fi w t s ri f e h T . e s u o h a n i r e h t e g o t e v il y e h T
s u h r e h w o ll a o t n o i s i c e d r e h m o r f n e e s e b n a
c band to ge tmarired wtih Lalia .O f e
s r u o
c i thu tr she rso much .Butt here i snothing shecan do .Shei sagood wfie s e o d e h s , n a m o w a s A . s d e e n s ’ d n a b s u h r e h t a h w s e v r e s s y a w l a e h S . y ll a u t c a
e n O . d n a b s u h r e h r o f g n i h t y r e v
e thing tha tshe canno tgive to her husband is a s
i t a h T . d li h
c wha tmake she rhusband become rude to her .However ,stli lshe .
d n a b s u h r e h o t n o it c e f f a d n a n o it n e tt a g i b s e v i g
a s e s u a li a L , m a ir a M o t d e r a p m o
C dfiferent yw a in loving he rhusband . s
e e r g a e h s , y ll a u t c
A to ge tmariredwtih Rasheedjus tbecauseo fonereason .She s
i pregnan twtih he rfriend ,Tairq ,but Tairq goe s to war .So Lalia marires wtih e
e h s a
R di n ordert oavoid he rchlidfrombeingcalled ‘haram’i. Herl ovei sno ta s .
d e e h s a R r o f s a h m a ir a M s a h c u
a s a r e h t e g o t e v il y e h t s r a e y e m o s r e tf A . y r o t s c i g a rt a s i e v o l s ’ m a ir a M a
f mliy ,Mairam and Lalia become good firends .One day when Rasheed abuse s s
ll i k m a ir a M , a li a
L himt oprotec ther . tIi sunbeilevabletos eetha tMa iramcando h
t att ohe rhusband .A saresul to fhe raciton,s hei sexecuted .Wecans eef romt he s
e m it e m o s e v o l t a h t l e v o n s i h t f o y r o t
s i sdfi ifcutlt o understand .Mairam ,awfie . d n e ir f r e h t c e t o r p o t e n o d e v o l e b r e h l li k n a c , h c u m d n a b s u h r e h s e v o l o h w
n i y r o t s e h
T thi snoveli sveryi nteresitngtoanalyze .Therearet wowomen n w o r i e h t e v a h s e v i w o w t e h t f o h t o B . d n a b s u h e h t e r a h s o t e v a h o h w
. d n a b s u h r i e h t r o f e v o l t n e r e f fi d e v a h o s l a y e h T . c it s ir e t c a r a h
c Usually,t wowive s
g o t e v
il ethe rin one house wli l ifght eev ryday .Thi snove lalso tell sthe reade r s
e v i g o s l a , n o it a u ti s t l u c if fi d n i n a m o w a f o e l g g u rt s e h t t u o b
a ust hel essonabou t
s i t a h T . e v o
l why i ti sinteresitng to analyze Khaled Hossein’i s“A Splendid .
” s n u S d n a s u o h T
2 .
1 ProblemFormula iton c
a b e h t m o r
F kground o fthe study above ,there are some quesiton sto be :
h c r a e s e r s i h t n i d e s s u c s i d
.
1 HowareMairamandLaliadescirbed? .
2 Wha tdoesl ovemeanf o rMairamandLalia?
3 .
1 Objecitve soft heStudy
e v it c e j b o e h
T so fthe study are to analyze abou ttwo quesiton sdescirbed in e
h t e z y l a n a o t s i t s ri f e h T . n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r
p descirpiton o fmarirage lfie in .
5
a li a L d n a m a ir a M m o r f n e e s e v o l f o g n i n a e m e h t t u o b a s i d n o c e s e h T
r e f fi d s a h m e h t f o h t o b e s u a c e b d e s s u c s i d e b o t t n a tr o p m i s i tI . w e i v f o s t n i o
p en t
t a h w h ti w t n e r e f fi d s i d n a b s u h r e h g n i v o l n i y a w s ’ m a ir a M . e v o l f o c it s ir e t c a r a h c
. d n a b s u h r e h r o f s a h a li a L
4 .
1 Benefti soft heStudy
o s l a d n a r e h c r a e s e r e r u t u f e h t r o f s ti f e n e b e m o s e v i g o t t n a e m s i y d u t s s i h T
s i h t s d a e r r e v e o h W . fl e s r e h r e ti r w e h
t study can use i ta sa source o rguide to y b s i r e ti r w e h t r o f s ti f e n e b e h T . l e v o n s i h t f o h c r a e s e r t x e n e h t t c u d n o c
g n i g n a r r a y b g n it ir w n i y ti li b a r e h p o l e v e d n a c r e ti r w e h t y d u t s s i h t g n it c u d n o c
. r e d r o d o o g a n i h p a r g a r a p o s l a d n a s e c n e t n e s ,s d r o w
5 .
1 Deifniitono fTerms 1
. 5 .
1 Love
y b d e n if e d s
A Hauck(1983 ,) ni hi sbookHowt ol oveandbel oved ,lovei s a powefrulf eeilngtha tonehasf o rperson ,animals ,o rat hing,t ha tha ssaitsifed ,
r u o y f s it a s l li w r o , g n i y f s it a s s
i desrie sand need s( .p 1 . u6) Th sl ovei sno tonly e m o c e b e fi l r u o e k a m h c i h w s g n i h t r o l a m i n a r o f e b n a c e v o l o s l a t u b , n a m u h r o f
. e t e l p m o c d n a r e i p p a h
2 . 5 .
1 Marriage o t g n i d r o c c
A WhtieheadandWhtiehead( 1981) ,mar iragemeanst hesocia l if
e d l a g e l s a h h c i h w , y n o m ir t a m f o n o it u ti t s n
l a i c e p s h g u o r h t s n o it i d a rt s u o i g il e r y n a m n i d e n o it c n a s d n a e t a t s e h t y b d e t a l u g e r
) 0 2 . p ( s e i n o m e r e c d n a s e ti
r . I tmeanst hati nmarirage ,awfieandahusbandha s l
e g a ir r a m r i e h t g n i g a n a m n i y t u d d n a t h g ir e m a s e h
t fie .They are untied in
e h t d n a , t n e m n o ri v n e l a i c o s ri e h t , d o G o t y ti li b i s n o p s e r a e v a h y e h t d n a , e g a ir r a m
. fl e s ti n o it u ti t s n i e g a ir r a m
3 . 5 .
1 Character
r a B o t g n i d r o c c
A n ett (1988) ,the characte ri spersonaltiy ,tha tis ,the f
o s e it il a u q l a r o m d n a l a t n e
m a ifgure ,a swhenwesayt ha tacharacteri ssrtong , o r weak , o r immoral , o r whateve r (p . 7 . 1) Thu s the characte r descirbes . r o i v a h e b r o t c a r i e h t h ti w p i h s n o it a l e r d e s o l c s a h h c i h w y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ e n o e m o s
s m a r b
A (1993)alsostatest ha tcharacter saret heperson spresented i n adramaitc h ti w d e w o d n e g n i e b s a r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n i e r a o h w , k r o w e v it a r r a n r o
, y a s y e h t t a h w n i d e s s e r p x e e r a t a h t s e it il a u q l a n o it o m e d n a , l a n o it i s o p s i d , l a r o m
( n o it c a e h t , o d y e h t t a h w y b d n a , e u g o l a i d e h
t p .23) .Sot hecharacte rcanbes een .
e c n a r a e p p a r i e h t r o , h c e e p s ,t c a r i e h t m o r f
n a t s i n a h g f A 4 . 5 . 1
n a t s i n a h g f
A i samountainousl and-lockedcounrtyl ocatedi nCenrta lAsia. l
u b a K s i n a t s i n a h g f A f o l a ti p a c e h
T .The exac tpopulaiton o fAfghanistan i s s
i t i , r e v e w o h , n w o n k n
u esitmated to be somewhere close to 32 mliilon. r
u o f e r a e r e h t h c i h w n i , n o it a n s u o e n e g o r e t e h a s i n a t s i n a h g f
A majo rethnic
n u t h s a P : s p u o r
7
h ti a f c i m a l s I e h t o t g n o l e
b .Today ,Afghanistani sonar oad t or ecovery ,however , i
v n e s ti d n a , s n i u r n i ll it s s i y m o n o c e e h t ,r a w f o s e d a c e d r e tf
a ronmenti si nastate
) d . n , i z a Q h a ll u d b A ( s e s ir c f o
n u t h s a P 5 . 5 . 1
o t g n i d r o c c
A Encyclopedia o f World Cutlure Volume II I South Asia , n
u t h s a
P si an ethnic group tha tinhabtis southern and eastern Afghanistan and .
n a t s i k a P n r e t s e
w tI sareai sp irmarliymountainous .Themosti mpo tran tacitviite s .
y r d n a b s u h l a m i n a d n a , g n i m r a f n i a r g e r a y m o n o c e n u t h s a P e h t n
i Pashtun have
n i s u b d n a s r e d a rt l u f s s e c c u s s a s n o it a t u p e r d e n r a
e essmen .Ast hel arges tandmos t ,
n a t s i n a h g f A n i p u o r g c i n h t e l a it n e u lf n
i thePashtuns havedominated t hesociety t
a h t f o s c it il o p d n
2 R E T P A H C
E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R N O W E I V E R
. w e i v e r l a c it e r o e h t s i tr a p t s ri f e h T . s tr a p o w t o t n i d e d i v i d s i r e t p a h c s i h T
e h t n i d e y o l p m e e b l li w t a h t s e ir o e h t d e t a l e r e m o s t u o b a s n i a l p x e t r a p s i h T
e h T . s c i p o t e s e h t o t d e t a l e r e r a e r e h d e s u e b l li w t a h t s e ir o e h t e h T . tr a p s i s y l a n a
d e t n e s e r p s e ir o e h
t here are the ciritca lapproache stha tare commonly used in d n a , e v o l f o y r o e h t , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t ,r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t , y d u t s y r a r e ti l
. k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h t s i r e t p a h c s i h t f o t r a p d n o c e s e h T . e g a ir r a m f o y r o e h t
1 .
2 ReviewonRelatedStudy
A Thousand Splendid Sunsi sanove lwirtten by Khaled Hosseini . tI t ell s o w t e s e h T . s e v i w o w t s a h d n a b s u h e h t e r e h w , n a t s i n a h g f A n i e v il y li m a f a t u o b a
. m e h t o t s g n i h t d a b e h t s e o d n e tf o d n a b s u h r i e h T . p i h s n o it a l e r d o o g e v a h s e v i w
m e h t s e k a m n o it a u ti s s i h
T o tfencooperatet oagainstt hehusband.Byr eadingt hi s t a h t t a n o it a u ti s t l u c if fi d n i n e m o w o w t f o e l g g u rt s e h t w o n k l li w s r e d a e r , l e v o n
. d n a b s u h r i e h t m o r f n o it c a d a b d n a , e r e h w y r e v e r a w ; e m it
d e l a h
K Hossein’is“A Thousand Splendid Suns” isi nteresitng t o discuss . o
n s i h t n o e n o d s e i d u t s t n e r e f fi d o w t e r a e r e h
T vel .Thef ris tstudy wa sconducted a
n il a k s a P y
b Widiastu it Ratnaningsih .The itlte o fhe rstudy i sThe Inlfuence o f l
a h K n i s e g n a h C y ti l a n o s r e P s ’ m a i r a M n o a li a L d n a , d e e h s a R , li l a
J e dHossein’i s
.s n u S d i d n e l p S d n a s u o h T
A Thi sstudy discusse s abou tthe characters o fJalli , a
li a L d n a , d e e h s a
R andhow t hey i n lfuenceMairam’ spersonaltiy change .s I n he r
9
y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ m a ir a M e k a m d e e h s a R d n a l il a J t a h t s e d u l c n o c h i s g n i n a n t a R , y d u t s
e g n a h
c fo rbette randf ort heworse ,andLaliamake sMairam’ spersonaltiychange s e g n a h c y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ m a ir a M t a h t s e d u l c n o c o s l a h i s g n i n a n t a R . r e tt e b e h t r o f t s u j
, e g n a h c f o e g a ; s a h c u s , s e g n a h c y ti l a n o s r e p n i s n o it a ir a v e h t o t d e t a l e r o s l a e r a
e l p o e p f o s d n i
k ,andarea so fpersonaltiypatterns . a r d n I s a e r d n A y b n e tt ir w s i s i s e h t d n o c e s e h
T Pangarsaen itltedRasheed’ s d
e l a h K n i s e v i W s i H r e v O n o i s s e r g g
A Hossein ’i sAThousandSplendidSun .sThi s y
d u t
s mainly discusse s abou tRasheed’ sAggression ove rhi swives .Pangarsa t
a h t s e d u l c n o
c Rasheed aggresse sagains thi swive sboth psychologically and s
r o i v a h e b s i h y b n e e s e b n a c h c i h w y ll a c i s y h
p .Pangarsaalsoconcludest hatt here d
e e h s a R y h w s n o s a e r e m o s e r
a aggresse shi swives .The fris treason i shi sold- i
a
p nfu lexpeirence of l osing ason ,and t henex treason i she become sfrusrtated .
t a e o t d o o f g n i k c a l d n a b o j s i h g n i s o l r e tf
a The las tbu tno tleast ,Pangarsa o t n a m r o f s e c a p s e r o m s e d i v o r p n a t s i n a h g f A n i n o it a n i m o d e l a m t a h t s e d u l c n o c
n a m o w t s n i a g a s s e r g g
a a sawfie .
e h t e z y l a n a l li w s i s e h t s i h t ,s e i d u t s e s o h t o t g n ir e d i s n o
C meaning of l ove
. a li a L d n a m a ir a M r o
f As t hewive so fa husband ,o fcourset hey haved fiferen t g
n i n a e
m s ofl ovef ort hei rhusband . Thi sstudyalso cover sonthecharacteirsitc s f
o MairamandLalia.
2 .
2 Theoreitca lReview
y r o e h t ,r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t e h t e r a y d u t s s i h t n i d e s u e r a t a h t s e ir o e h t e h T
o t d e t a l e r e r a s e ir o e h t e s e h t e s u a c e b d e il p p a e b o t t n a tr o p m i e r a s e ir o e h t e s e h T
f o g n i n a e m e h t d n a , a li a L d n a m a ir a M f o n o it p ir c s e d e h t t u o d n if o t y d u t s s i h t
. a li a L d n a m a ir a M r o f e v o l
1 . 2 .
2 Character 1
. 1 . 2 .
2 Meaningo fcharacter ) 8 8 9 1 ( t t e n r a
B say stha tcharacte rcan be deifned into two meanings , s i r e t c a r a h c e h t y l d n o c e s d n a , k r o w y r a r e ti l n i e r u g if a s i r e t c a r a h c e h t , y lt s ri f
t a h t y a s e w n e h w s a , e r u g if a f o s e it il a u q l a r o m d n a l a t n e m e h t ,s i t a h t , y ti l a n o s r e p
m m i r o , k a e w r o , g n o rt s s i r e t c a r a h c
a oral ,o rwhatever ( .p 71) .Every characte r t s i s s a o t m e h t s e s u d n a r e t c a r a h c e h t s e t a e r c r o h t u a e h T . y ti l a n o s r e p r e h r o s i h s a h
. d o o m g n it a e r c d n a y r o t s a f o t o l p e h t g n i m r o f n i
h c i h w t n e m e l e n a s i tI . k r o w y r a r e ti l n i s e l o r t n a tr o p m i e h t s a h r e t c a r a h c A
bulid sreader’ sinterest . Therefore ,in orde rto cope wtih the analysis , i ti s o s l a l li w t i ,r e v o e r o M . r e t c a r a h c e h t o t d e t a l e r s e ir o e h t e m o s t n e s e r p o t t n a tr o p m i
.r e t a l tr a p s i s y l a n a e h t n o k r o w p l e h
2 . 1 . 2 .
2 Kind so fcharacter r
e t s r o
F (1974) ni hi sbookAspect soft heNove ldividest hecharacte roft he s
d n i k o w t o t n i l e v o
n : lfa tand round characters .A lfa tcharacte rha sonly one y l e v it a l e r s i tI . s k r a m g n i h s i u g n it s i d w e f a t s o m t a r o , e r u t a e f r o t i a rt g n i d n a t s t u o
e r a e r e h T . c it a t s y ll a u s u s i r e t c a r a h c t a l F . ti a rt e n o y l n o s a h y ll a u s u d n a , e l p m i s
a h c t a lf a f o s e g a t n a v d a o w
t racter . Fris t i s tha t they are easliy recognized v
e n e h
1 1
e r a p m o
c d ot other scharacter i n t hestory .A fla tcharacte ri salso recognized by e
l a u s i v e h t y b t o n , e y e l a n o it o m e s ’ r e d a e r e h
t ye which merely note s the
y li s a e n a c r e d a e r e h t t a h t s i e g a t n a v d a d n o c e s e h T . e m a n r e p o r p a f o e c n e r r u c e r
o s s e c n a t s m u c ri c y b d e g n a h c t o n e r e w s r e t c a r a h c t a l F . r e t c a r a h c t a lf a r e b m e m e r
e l b a r e tl a n u s a d e n i a m e r e r e w y e h t t a h
t ( .p 64 - )5 . 1
r e t s r o
F (1974) tstae tst rha ound character sarepresented wtihmoref acets . y r o t s e h t s a y l b a r e d i s n o c g n i g n a h c , c i m a n y d e b o t y l e k il s i r e t c a r a h c d n u o r A
e r o m n i d n a h t p e d r e t a e r g n i m e h t y a rt r o p s r o h t u a r i e h t , s i t a h T . s e s s e r g o r p
y a m r e t c a r a h c d n u o r a h c u S . li a t e d s u o r e n e
g appeart ot her eader sa sheappearst o y
r o t s e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o e h
t ( .p 61) . A round characte r i s complex in o t r e d a e r e h t r o f t l u c if fi d s i t i t a h t s n a e m t I . n o it a v it o m d n a t n e m a r e p m e t
s t e c a f y n a m s a h d n a s e n a w d n a s e x a w e h r o f y li s a e o s m i h r e b m e m e
r ilkehuman
d n u o r t u b , y r o t s a t u o h g u o r h t e m a s e h t y a s o t d n e t s r e t c a r a h c t a l F . g n i e b
e g n a h c n e tf o s r e t c a r a h
c - learn o rbecome enilghtened ,grow o rdeteirorate .The . y a w g n i c n i v n o c a n i g n i s ir p r u s f o e l b a p a c s i ti r e h t e h w s i r e t c a r a h c d n u o r a f o t s e t
t i f
I neve rsurp irses ,soi tcan besaid a sa lfa tcharacte.r I fi tdoe sno tconvince,i t .
d n u o r e b o t g n i d n e t e r p t a lf s i
i d d a n
I iton ,Rohrberge rand Woods .rJ (1971)states t ha tcharacter shave n i y l s u o ir a c i v e t a p i c it r a p o t s r e d a e r e h t p l e h y e h t e c n i s y r o t s a n i e l o r t n a tr o p m i n a
f o s e it i v it c a r o s g n il e e f e h t y l e v it a n i g a m i g n ir a h s y b y r o t s e h t r o e c n e ir e p x e e h t
y r o t s e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c e h
2 . 2 .
2 Characteriza iton 1
. 2 . 2 .
2 Meaningo fcharacteriza iton p t a h t s e t a t s ) 8 8 9 1 ( t t e n r a
B ersonaltiy in characte r i s o tfen called a s n
o it c a r i e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c e h t y b d e w o h s s i t a h t n o it a z ir e t c a r a h
c . Characteirzaiton
a s e n if e d d n a s t n e s e r p r o h t u a e h t y a w e h t s
i character (p .746). Barnet also n
i s n i a l p x
e hi s book Ltierature fo r Composiiton tha t characteirzaiton o r y e h t t a h w y b d n a o d s r e t c a r a h c e h t t a h w y b , n o it c if n i s a , d e n if e d s i y ti l a n o s r e p
y e h t h c i h w n i g n it t e s e h t y b d n a , m e h t t u o b a y a s s r e h t o t a h w y b , y a
s move .
s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o y b t r a p n i d e n if e d o s l a s r e t c a r a h
C ( .p 746).
. l e v o n a n i e l o r t n a tr o p m i s a h n o it a z ir e t c a r a h
C Rohrberge rand Wood sJr .
n a h c i h w y b s s e c o r p a s i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c t a h t e t a t s ) 1 7 9 1
( autho rcreate sa
. p ( r e t c a r a h
c 20) . Each characte r ha s a paritcula r personaltiy and physica l .
r e h t o n a d n a r e t c a r a h c e n o n e e w t e b e c n e r e f fi d e h t w o h s t a h t s e t u b ir tt a
2 . 2 . 2 .
2 Wayst ocharacterize y
h p r u
M (1972) in Understanding Unseen menitonsn ine ways i n which n
i s r e t c a r a h c s i h t n e s e r p o t s t p m e tt a r o h t u a n
a hi snove land maket hem ailvef o r s
r e d a e r s i
h ( .p 1 -61 173) .Fristi sa persona ldescirpiton .Thi saim i st o b irng t he e m o s f o e s u e k a m n a c r o h t u a e h t , n o s a e r s i h t r o F . e s n e s s ’ r e d a e r e h t o t r e t c a r a h c
m o r f e k il e c n a r a e p p a s ’ r e t c a r a h c h c a e f o l i a t e d e h t s r e d a e r e h t ll e t o t s e v it c e j d a
c d n a , s e y e , n i k s , e c a f r e h / s i
h lothing .Secondwaysi scharacter sa sseenbyothers . r e h t o e h t m o r f p l e h h ti w r e t c a r a h c e h t s e b ir c s e d r o h t u a e h t t a h t s n a e m t I
e v i g n a c r o h t u a e h t , e r e H . h c e e p s m o r f s i d ri h t e h T . n o i n i p o d n a s e y e s ’ r e t c a r a h c
n e h t n i n o s r e p e n o f o n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c e h t s
3 1
d n
a ther eader sget .Thef o trhwayisf rompastl fie .I nthi scase,t her eade rwli lbe e h t t u o b a g n i h t e m o s t n r a e l o t t u o b a s i e h t a h t n o it i d n o c n o t n i h e h t n i a g o t d e l b a n e
. e fi l t s a p s ’ n o s r e
p T he author’ sdriec tcomment ,the person’ sown thoughts ,hi s r e d a e r e h t p l e h l li w e l o r s ’ n o s r e p r e h t o n a d n a , r e h t o n a h ti w n o it a s r e v n o c
. e fi l t s a p s ’ n o s r e p e h t d n e h e r p p
a Nex tway i sfrom conversaiton wtih others .I t r
e h t o f o n o it a s r e v n o c e h t h g u o r h t d e l a e v e r e b n a c r e t c a r a h c a t a h t s n a e
m people
e l p o e p r e h t o t u o b a k l a t o d e l p o e P . m i h t u o b a y a s y e h t g n i h t d n a e l p o e p g n i h t d n a
. t u o b a e k o p s n o s r e p e h t f o r e t c a r a h c o t e u l c a s a e v i g n e tf o y a s y e h t g n i h t d n a
y a w h t x i s e h
T i sfrom reacitons .Each characte rin a nove lcan reac t o
t y ll a c if i c e p
s vairou s kind s o f stiuaitons , occasions , and confilcts . These e h t , e r o f e r e h T . y ti l a n o s r e p s i h t n e s e r p e r o t d e r e d i s n o c e r a s n o it c a e r r a l u c it r a p
s r o h t u
a makei tpossiblef ort her eaderst o ge tacharacter’ spersonaltiyby l etitng h
t r e t c a r a h c e h t w o n k o t m e h
t rough hi s reaciton s to those stiuaiton s and e b o t y s a e r e t c a r a h c e k a m o t r e d r o n I . t n e m m o c t c e ri d s i t x e N . s n o i s a c c o
. y lt c e ri d y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t n o t n e m m o c e v i g n a c r o h t u a e h t , d o o t s r e d n u
e l p i c n ir p s i h T . t h g u o h t s i s y a w h t h g i e e h
T i sbasict ot heconceptt hatt hewo lrdi n a n i a g r e d a e r e h t p l e h n a c r o h t u a e h T . y ti l a e r n i t n e r e f fi d s e m it e m o s s i l e v o n a
t a h w t a h t e s n e s e h t n i g n i k n i h t s ’ e l p o e p t n e r e f fi d f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u d n u o f o r p e r o m
h t n i n e p p a h o t y l e k il y r e v s i e l b i s s o p m i ti m e e d t h g i m r e d a e r e h
t e wo lrd of t he
l e v o n e h t f o r e t c a r a h c e h t t a h w t i d u a o t e u d s i r e d a e r e h t ,s d r o w r e h t o n I . l e v o n
i h
t nk sand undergoes .Thel as tway i sfrom manneirsm .Here, t heautho rusually h ti w s e s s e s s o p r e t c a r a h c s i h h c i h w , s e r u t a e f e u q i n u d n a , s ti b a h , m s ir e n n a m s e s u
3 . 2 .
2 Criitca lApproach
) 1 7 9 1 ( . r J s d o o W d n a r e g r e b r h o
R men iton tha tthere are ifve kind so f s
e h c a o r p p a l a c it ir
c ( .p 6- )13 .They are the formails tapproach ,the biographica l e
h t , h c a o r p p
a sociocutlural-histo irca lapproach ,themythopoeicapproach ,andt he e h t s e n i m a x e c it ir c s i h T . h c a o r p p a t s il a m r o f s i t s ri f e h T . h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p
e h t o t e c n e r e f e r t u o h ti w , e fi l s ’ r o h t u a f o s t c a f o t e c n e r e f e r t u o h ti w e c e i p y r a r e ti l
f e r t u o h ti w d n a , e r n e
g erencet o ti ssocia lmiileu .Thi sapproach i sused when t he n
r e c n o c y l n o c it ir
c s inanypa tr soft hel tierarywork whichconsttiute ti ssrtucture e h t s tr e s s a h c a o r p p a s i h T . h c a o r p p a l a c i h p a r g o i b e h t s i d n o c e s e h T . t n u o c c a o t n i
n o it a i c e r p p a n a r o f y ti s s e c e
n o fthe idea sand personaltiy o fthe autho rto an l
a r u tl u c o i c o s e h t s i d ri h t e h T . t c e j b o y r a r e ti l e h t f o g n i d n a t s r e d n
u - histo irca l
n i s i k r o w l a e r e h t e t a c o l o t y a w y l n o e h t t a h t s t s i s n i h c a o r p p a s i h T . h c a o r p p a
i d e c u d o r p t a h t n o it a z il i v i c e h t o t e c n e r e f e
r t . I t i s necessary tha tthe ciritc y li r a s s e c e n t i h c i h w d n a d e t a e r c s a w k r o w a h c i h w n i u e il i m l a i c o s e h t e t a g it s e v n i
s d n e t n i c it ir c e h t n e h w d e s u s i tI . h c a o r p p a c i e o p o h t y m e h t s i h tr u o f e h T . s t c e lf e r
u o h t n a m u h f o n r e tt a p t n e r r u c e r r a l u c it r a p r u o d n if o
t ght .Usually, t hey concern
tl i u g , h tr i b e r d n a h t a e d h ti
w and sacirifce ,p irmiitve rties ,and also theologica l d e s u s i t I . h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t s i t s a l e h T . e n ir t c o d n a it s ir h C f o t c e p s a
a s a y g o l o h c y s p f o s t c e p s a y n a t u o b a e z y l a n a l li w c it ir c e h t n e h
w cetrainelemen t
. k r o w y r a r e ti l f
o Theory o fpsychologyi sused t oexplain t hepersonaltiyo feach .r
e t c a r a h c
4 . 2 .
2 Love 1 . 4 . 2 .
2 Meaningofl ove
t u a e b e r o m e fi l r u o s e k a m e v o L . e fi l ri e h t n i e v o l s d e e n y d o b y r e v
E fiul .
t I . s g n i n a e m y n a m o s s a h e v o
5 1
) 6 7 9 1
( statesthatl oveexist sno tonlywhenyou arehappy bu talso when you are e
v o l t a h t s n a e m t I . n w o
d happens anywhere anyitme .When we are happy ,o f e
v o l t a h t e l b i s s o p o s l a s i ti , d a s e r a e w n e h w d n A . s t s i x e e v o l , e s r u o
c s itllexist s
o o
t ( .p 193) .
k c u a H o t g n i d r o c c
A (1983) in How t o Loveand t o bel oved ,lovei st ha t l
a m i n a , n o s r e p r o f s a h e n o g n il e e f l u f r e w o
p s ,o rthings ,tha tha ssaitsifed ,i s s d e e n y d o b y r e v E . d e e n a s i e v o L . ” s d e e n d n a e ri s e d r u o y f s it a s l li w r o , g n i y f s it a s
g n i s s i m e r a y e h t t a h t d i a s e b n a c t i , e fi l ri e h t n i e v o l e v a h t o n o d y e h t fi o S . e v o l
e fi l ri e h t n i g n i h t e m o
s ( .p 1 . 6)
w t e b e v o L 2 . 4 . 2 .
2 eenahusbandandawfie
.r e h t o h c a e e v o l o t e v a h e fi w a d n a d n a b s u h a , e l p u o c a s
A According t o
e r a u o y n e h w o s l a t u b y p p a h e r a u o y n e h w y l n o t o n s t s i x e e v o l ,) 6 7 9 1 ( n o s r a e P
. n w o
d A husband and a wfie have to face every chapte rin thei rmarirage lfie g
o
t ether .A husband and a wfie wli lspend a lo to f itme togethe rbecause they . r e h t e g o t e m it r i e h t y o j n e d l u o h s s r e n tr a p h t o b t a h t t n a tr o p m i s i tI . o s o d o t e s o o h c
. p ( t c e p s e r d n a , m e e t s e , e r u tr u n h g u o r h t s w o r g e v o l t a h t s e t a t s ) 9 7 9 1 ( r e h c s e r D
. ) 8
5 Acoupleshouldr espectt hei rmate’ s irgh tandgivet hemaf reedom .Freedom a n i o j o t m o d e e r f , s d n e ir f r e h r o s i h h ti w t u o g n a h o t m o d e e r f s n a e m e r e h
. c t e , y ti n u m m o c
k o o b s i h n i ) 2 0 0 2 ( l a e h
C Sociology o fFamliy Lfie state stha tmar irage o
t d e d n e m m o c e r e r a s r e n tr a
p learn communicaiton skill swhich can helpt hem t o r i e h t e k a m o t s y a w r o f k o o l d l u o h s y e h t d n a , s t c il f n o c d n a s t n e m u g r a d i o v a
. ) 3 7 . p ( e l b a r u s a e l p e r o m n o it c a r e t n i ri e h t f o s t n e m y o j n e s ’ r e n tr a
e fi l e g a ir r a m n i t n a tr o p m i y r e v s i n o it a c i n u m m o
c .By communicaitng ,acouple
. s n o it o m e d n a g n il e e f r i e h t t u o b a e r a h s n a
c I fahusband and awfie haveagood . m e h t n e e w t e b h s a r c a t u o h ti w , ll e w s m e l b o r p e h t e v l o s n a c y e h t , n o it a c i n u m m o c
2 . 4 . 2 .
2 Rela itonshipbetweenahusbandandawfiei naf amliy
A husband and a wfie un tie in a marirage .In marirage, t hey promise to
. w o r r o s d n a s s e n i p p a h n i ,r e h t e g o t e v
il Hauck( 1983 )statest ha tmarirager equrie s g
n o l f o e c n a t p e c c a e h t d n a , e c n e it a p , n o it a c i d e
d – range responsibiilites t ha tare i
e h t n i g n i h s u r c n e tf
o ri ntenstiy( p .9) .A husband andawfiehavet ocooperatet o .
e fi l y li m a f r i e h t n i a t n i a
m They may have rtouble communicaitng in love s
i t i d n a , p i h s n o it a l e
r normal .Someitme smarirage does no tgo wel l ilke ou r c
s i m d e s u a c s e s a c e m o s e r a e r e h T . n o it a t c e p x
e ommunicaiton betweenahusband d
n
a awfie .According t oBrannon ( 1996) ,a rtoubleincommunicaitng betweena d
n a d n a b s u
h a wfie happens parlty because thei r style s and goal s o f n
u m m o
c icaiton dfife ;r m een a r rtying to estabilsh independence and dominance .
) 9 5 2 . p ( s n o it c e n n o c e k a m d n a s g n il e e f e r a h s o t g n i y rt e r a n e m o w d n
a As t wo
a e d i t n e r e f fi d e v a h e fi w a d n a d n a b s u h a f i l a m r o n s i t i , e l p o e p t n e r e f fi
d s ro
t n e m u g r
a s . Someitme s they argue abou t whose argument i s better . Thei r h
s if l e
s n esswilll eadt hemi ntoaquarre lwhich b irng sabou tnegaitveeffec to fthe a
d n a b s u h a f i r e tt e b s i ti o S . y li m a
f nd a wfie understand each other and rty t o .
m e h t n e e w t e b n o it a c i n u m m o c d o o g a e k a m
h
A usband and a wfiehave na pim o tran trolei n amarirage. By knowing p
p a h a e t a e r c o t r e h t e g o t k r o w n a c y e h t t a h t d e t c e p x e s i ti , e l o r ri e h
t y famliy .Each
7 1
r o f y ti li b i s n o p s e r y r a m ir p s d l o
h the impo tran t par t o f thei r lfie together . n
i ) 1 8 9 1 ( d a e h e ti h W d n a d a e h e ti h
W Marrying Well ,Stage son the Journey o f e
g a ir r a M s n a it s i r h
C explain sabou thusband’ sand wfie’ srole in a famliy. A
a f s i h t r o p p u s o t m i h s e l b a n e t a h t b o j e d i s t u o n a d l o h o t d e t c e p x e s i d n a b s u
h mliy
y ll a i c n a n
if (p .272).I tcanbedeniedt ha tgood ifnanceplay sani mpo trantr olei na .
y li m a
f I fahusband can fulifllhisf amliy needs ,i tcan besaid t ha thef ulifll shi s y
li m a f s i h r o f r e n n i w d a e r b a s a e l o
r .
i w d a e r b a s a y l n o t o n y t u d s ’ d n a b s u h
A nner ,bu talso hehast obeablet o d n a b s u h a t a h t s n a e m e r e h l e g n a n a i d r a u G . y li m a f s i h r o f ” l e g n a n a i d r a u g “ a e b
o t e l b a e b o t s a
h guard hisf amliyf romanydangeroust hingsurround t hemwhich n
e p p a h y a
m . I tmeanst ha tahusbandhast obeablet ogivesafetyf orhisf amliy . s
a h d n a b s u h
A a bigge rresponsiblitiy t han awfie’s .Acetrain par tof t hewo lrd , e
h
t society put sa husband a sthe leade ro fa famliy .Maybe i trelate swtih a n
o it p ir c s e
d o famena sas rtong ifgurewhocanguardhisf amliy . fi
w
A e also play sa n impo tran trole in the famliy . Stli laccording to y r r a c o t e m o h e h t n i k r o w o t d e t c e p x e s i e fi w a , ) 1 8 9 1 ( d a e h e ti h W d n a d a e h e ti h W
e fi l y li m a f f o s k s a t g n i d n a m e d y n a m e h t t u
o (p .272) .A wfie hold sp irmary li
h c e h t g n i s i a r r o f y ti li b i s n o p s e
r dren .Thisr esponsiblitiyusually i st akenby both n
i n o it r o p r e g g i b s a h e fi w a l li t s t u b , e fi w d n a d n a b s u
h thi spatr .Besidesr aising
a h o s l a e fi w a , n e r d li h c e h
t st o beablet o provideawel l- ordered homeand she y
li m a f e h t e g a n a m o t e l b a e b o t s a
h ifnancialneeds .Somewomenchooset obea .
e fi w e s u o
h Becoming a housewfie i sno ta ssimple a smany people think abou t n
i k r o w t o n s e o d e fi w e s u o h a h g u o h tl A . m e h
d n a b s u h r e h g n ir a p e r p , s l a e m g n i k o o c , e s u o h e h t g n i n a e l
c ’ sandchlidren’ sneeds ,
h A . c t e , s e h t o l c g n i h s a
w ousewfie i sa honorable job .A housewfie work from d
n a , t h g i n t a e t a l li t n u g n i n r o m e h t n i y lr a
e shei sno tpaidf o rdoingt ha.t
e l b i s n o p s e r s i d n a b s u h t a h t e d u l c n o c n a c e w e v o b a n o it a n a l p x e e h t m o r F r o
f thef amliy’ s ifnancia lwel l- beingand thewfiei sr esponsiblef ort hef amliy’ s o s l a e fi w d n a d n a b s u h f o e l o r e h t , a r e t n e m p o l e v e d e h t f o e s u a c e B . e fi l e m o h
. s e g n a h
c A s explained above ,a woman usually work sa thome and nu trures the w
, s y a d a w o N . n e r d li h
c e can see tha tmany women surround u sbecome caree r .
n e m o
w I tcausedbysomer easons .Theywantt ohelp t hehusbandf o raddiitona l n
o it a u ti s e h t s i n o s a e r r e h t o n A . e m o c n
i whichmake shert odot hat .Forexample , e
b y li m a f r e h f o r e n n i w d a e r b a e b o t s a h e h
s causet hehusbandi spassedaway . e
s a
B d on t het ex tabove ,goodr elaitonship between ahusbandand a wfie n e e w t e b n o it a c i n u m m o c d o o g d n a n o it a r e p o o c d o o g s i e r e h t f i d e v e i h c a e b n a c
. m e h
t A husband and a wfie have to understand each other .In A Thousand s
n u S d i d n e l p
S ,we can ifnd tha tRasheed ha sabad relaitonship wtih hi swives . o
d n e tf o d e e h s a R . m e h t n e e w t e b n o it a c i n u m m o c d o o g o n s i e r e h
T e s the bad
. n e r d li h c s i h d n a s e v i w s i h o t s g n i h
t Physica lviolencei n afamliy wli lb irng t he r
o f s t c e f f e e v it a g e
n the famliy member . According to Brannon (1996) , o n h ti w e s o h t n a h t e l b a t s s s e l e r a e c n e l o i v l a c i s y h p e v l o v n i t a h t s p i h s n o it a l e r
. y li m a f y p p a h n u s e m o c e b e c n e l o i v l a c i s y h p h ti w y li m a f A . ) 3 5 2 . p ( e c n e l o i
v N o
l li w e fi w d n a d n a b s u h n e e w t e b e v o
l cause the ch lidren to become uncon ifden t n
e r d li h
9 1
y l d e t a e p e r o h w n a m a h ti w y a t s a li a L d n a m a ir a M y h
W abusest hem i sa
s e v i w d e y o l p m e n u s A . n o it s e u q g i
b and have young chlidren who need the o t t p e c x e s n o it p o o n e v a h a li a L d n a m a ir a M , s e v i g d n a b s u h e h t tr o p p u s l a i c n a n if
e v i s u b a w o h r e tt a m o n , p i h s n o it a l e r n i y a t
s thei rhusbandi s .Abusiver elaitonship s .
p i h s n o it a l e r e v o l n i t c il f n o c f o e s a c e m e rt x e n a e r
a Al lcouple sexpeirencesome
c s i d h ti w s m e l b o r p r i e h t e v l o s n a c m e h t f o e m o S . t c il f n o c f o l e v e
l ussion t o ifnd
t u b , t u o y a w t s e b e h
t somecouple sbettert ochoosedivorcet oend t hei rproblem .
p i h s n o it a l e r
5 . 2<
