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P TheStruggle o fthe Indigenou sPeople ’
s i v a D k c a J n i s r e t c a r a h C h g u o r h T n e e S a il a r t s u A n
i No Sugar .Yogyakatra : a
n a S , s r e tt e L f o y tl u c a F , s r e tt e L h s il g n E f o t n e m tr a p e
D t a Dharma Universtiy ,
. 3 1 0 2
n o s e s u c o f y d u t s s i h
T No Sugar ,a play w irtten by Jack Davis .The play t a e r g e h t g n ir u d a il a rt s u A f o e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h t f o e l g g u rt s e h t s e s i a r
t u o b a s ll e t y a l p e h T . a il a rt s u A n i n o i s s e r p e
d the lfie of et h Mliilmu rras ,an
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l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h t y b d e r e f f u s e r a s t n e m t a e
rt .T he rteatment st irgge rthe
o t e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n
i ifgh tagains tthe wh tie setlters .Thi sundergraduate thesi s aimst o understandt he postcoloniailsm and t hesrtuggleoft hei ndigenouspeople
e h t t h g if o
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T sare formulated to guide and ilmi tthe discussion in thi s m
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s answer sthe characteirzaiton o fJimmy Munday ,Joe a
r r u m il li
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h t y b s t n e m t a e
rt whtie setlters .The th rid problem analyze sthe srtuggle o fthe e
l p o e p s u o n e g i d n
i againstt heunequa lrteatments.
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m o r f d e n i a g e r e w d e d e e n a t a
d book ,s r eference ,sj ournal sandi nterne treferences . e
il p p a r e ti r w e h
T d postcolonial approach tha tenable sthe wrtie rto ifnd ou tthe .
y a l p e h t n i e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h t f o e l g g u rt s
r a g u S o
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r e lt t e
s s .Thewhtiesetlter s rteatt hei ndigenou speoplei nfeiro lry .Jimmy ,Joeand y
ll i
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e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n
i disc irminaitvel awandt hei nfeirortiy .Ther eaciton so fJimmy , e h t f o e g a m i e h t e r a t n e m t a e rt s ’ s r e lt t e s e ti h w e h t s d r a w o t y ll i M d n a e o J
T . e l g g u rt s s u o n e g i d n
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t s and no table to have
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i the fris tsetlte rsincet hey are no tnumerou sand t hey e h t e v a h o t e l g g u rt s e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h T . e l y t s e fi l n w o r i e h t e s o o h c t o n n a c
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xi K A R T S B A . A M A T U O D N A L N E V O N S U L U A
P The Struggle o fthe Indigenou s n i s r e t c a r a h C h g u o r h T n e e S a il a r t s u A n i e l p o e
P No Sugar. Yogyakatra : , y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a T a n a S , s r e tt e L f o i tl u c a F , s r e tt e L h s il g n E f o t n e m tr a p e D . 3 1 0 2 a d a p n a k s u k o fi d i n i n a it il e n e
P No Sugar ,sebuah dramakaryaJack Davis . drama in imengangka tmasalah tentang kehidupan orang p irbum id iAusrtaila
a l a
d m masaketerpurukan ekonom id iAusrtaila .drama i n imencertiakan t entang m n a g n a u jr e p n a d , i m u b ir p a g r a u l e k h a u b e s , a r r u m il li M a g r a u l e k n a p u d i h e
k ereka
n a u k a lr e P . i m u b ir p g n a r o h e l o i m a l a i d l i d a k a d it n a u k a lr e P . h a j a j n e p n a w a l e m g n a r o u c i m e m t u b e s r e t li d a k a d
it -orangp irbum iuntukmelawan orang-orangkuil t n a g n a u jr e p n a d e m s il a i n o l o k s o p i m a h a m e m k u t n u n a u j u tr e b i n i i s p ir k S . h it u p g n a r
o -orangp irbum imelawanorangkulti puith. a
d
A it ga masalah yang driumuskan untuk menuntun dan membatas i y m m i J n a h o k o n e p n a k s a l e j n e m a m a tr e p n a h a l a s a m r e P . i n i n a it il e n e p n a s a h a b m e p n a k r a b m a g g n e m a u d e k n a h a l a s a m r e P . a r r u m il li M n a d a r r u m il li M e o J , y a d n u M k a d it n a u k a lr e
p adi l oleh orang-orang kuil t puith. Permasalahan keitga n a k i a r u g n e
m pejruanganorangp irbum imelawanpelrakuan itdakadi.l a t a d a n e r a k a k a t s u p i d u t s e d o t e m n a k p a r e n e m i n i i s p ir k
S -data yang
p r e p i d t a p a d r e t g n a y i s n e r e f e r a p a r e b e b i r a d n a k t a p a d i d n a k u lr e p i
d ustakaan .
k u t n u s il u n e p n a k n i k g n u m e m g n a y l a i n o l o k s o p n a t a k e d n e p n a k p a r e n e m s il u n e P a l a d i d i m u b ir p g n a r o n a g n a u jr e p n a k u m e n e
m mdramai ni.
r a g u S o
N mencerminkan kehidupan orang p irbum i dalam masa a k il a d n e k i d i m u b ir p g n a r O . a il a rt s u A i d i m o n o k e n a k u r u p r e t e
k n oleh orang kuil t
g n a r O . h it u
p -orang ku il tpu ith mempelrakukan orang p irbum isecara itdak adli . i m a l a g n e m a k e r e M . t u b e s r e t n a u k a lr e p i m a l a g n e m y ll i M n a d e o J , y m m ij n a d f it a n i m ir k s i d g n a y m u k u h , i m u b ir p g n a r o g n a t n e t k u r u b a k g n a s a r p m u b ir p g n a r o n a a d a r e b e
k iyang selalu d ibawah. Reaks iyang dliakukan oleh y ll i M n a d e o J , y m m i
J terhadap pelrakuan dar i orang ku il t puith merupakan n a g n a u jr e p n a r a b m a
g orang-orang p irbum id iAusrtaila. Bentuk pejruangan dar i i m u b ir p g n a r
o antara lain menyanggah prasangka sosial bahwa mereka orang a jr e k e b k u t n u s a l a m n a d a y a h a b r e
b ,hukum yang disk irminatfi bahwa mereka h a k i n e m k u t n u n a s a b e b e k n a d h it u p t il u k g n a r o n a g n e d i s a s il a i s o s r e b t a p a d k a d it a tr e
s statu s orang p irbum i yang selalu d i bawah orang kuil t puith yang n a k a n e r a k i
d bahwa orang p irbum i Ausrtaila dianggap bukanlah orang asl i k a d it a k e r e m n a d k a y n a b k a d it g n a y a k e r e m i s a l u p o p h a l m u j a n e r a k a il a rt s u A g n a r O . n a k n i g n i a k e r e m g n a y p u d i h a y a g h il i m e m t a p a
d -orang p irbum ibejruang
a m a s g n a y n a u k a lr e p n a d k a h n a k t a p a d n e m k u t n
u sebaga iwarganegaraAusrtaila
1
I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy
e y d e r d n u h e n o n a h t e r o
M ar sago, t hei ndigenou speoplewere ifgh itngf o r
r o f t n e m e v o m t s ri f e h T . n o i s s e r p p o l a i c a r d n a n o i s s e s s o p s i d o t e c n a t s i s e r
s n o it a s i n a g r o l a c it il o p l a n i g ir o b A t s ri f e h t n e h w 0 2 9 1 n i n a g e b t h g ir s u o n e g i d n i
u A e h t g n i d u l c n i d e m r o f e r e
w srtailanAbo irgine sProteciton .Byt hemiddleoft he
9
1 thcentury,t heeconomica lstiuaitoni nAusrtailai si nagrea tdepression .Du irng
r i e h t g n i s u a c d n a k a e p s ti g n i d a e l e n i g ir o b A o t n o i s s e r p p o e h t , d o ir e p t a h t
n o it a l u p o
p todecrease( Read ,2006 .)
ti
L eraturei samedium t o l earn t hehuman expe irencebecause tii sbased
e c n e ir e p x e n a m u h n
o . One o fAusrtailan poe tlaureate ,Jack Davi suses the
n o i s s e r p e D t a e r G e h t g n ir u d e l g g u rt s s u o n e g i d n i e h t e b ir c s e d o t e r u t a r e ti l m u i d e m
e r r a W d n a k e ll e W . a il a rt s u A n
i n i n Theoryo fLtieratureexplain t hatl tieraturei s
: 6 5 9 1 ( k r o w t r a e h t s a d e n if e d e b n a c d n a n e tt ir w s i t a h t e fi l n a m u h f o e g a m i n a
. ) 4
9 Klarers aidt hatl tieraturei sdfiferentf romanyw irtteno rp irntedt ex,ts ucha s
.s w o ll o f s a d e n i a l p x e e H . c t e , s k o o b e n o h p e l e t
e h t h ti w , n o i s s e r p x e n e tt ir w f o y t e ri t n e e h t s a o t d e r r e f e r s i e r u t a r e ti L
s a d e z ir o g e t a c e b n a c t n e m u c o d n e tt ir w y r e v e t o n t a h t n o it c ir t s e
r ltierature
.) 1 : 9 9 9 1 ( d r o w e h t f o e s n e s t c a x e e r o m e h t n i
e
H arguest hatt hel tierary work shouldbei ncludedsuch a s“aestheitc”o r
r e v e f o s t x e t r e h t o m o r f h s i u g n it s i d o t ” c it s it r a
“ ydayuse( 1999 :1) .Ther eadero fa
k r o w y r a r e ti
d e c n e ir e p x e s i k r o w e h t s a d e t a r e n e g s i g n i n a e m t a h t t c a f e h t g n i k o o lr e v
o .I t
t a h t s n a e
m the ltierary work i sbased on the expeirence o fhuman being .Those
h t h g u o r h t d e s s e r p x e e b n a c g n i e b n a m u h f o s e c n e ir e p x
e e ltierary work .From
n a m u h n o d e s a b t x e t s i e r u t a r e ti l t a h t d e n i a l p x e e b n a c t i , n o it a t o u q h t o b
. y a w c it s it r a e h t n i d e p p a r w s i t a h t e c n e ir e p x e
o t g n i o g s i r e ti r w e h t s i s e h t s i h t n
I analyze a drama . According to
s i h n i r e g n a r r a
B UnderstandingPlays ,aplaymus tbeahumanexpeirence( rea lo r
n i g a m
i ed)t hati sr epresented i n aritsitcf orm sandoneoft hep irncipa’l smedia. I t
( d e m r o f r e p e b o t t p ir c s a d n a d a e r e b o t t x e t a e c n o t a s
i Barranger ,1994 :4) .
o t s u s d a e l a m a r d r o y a l p a t a h t d i a s o s l a r e g n a r r a
B discove rand relfec tou r
t h g ir w y a l p e h T . s m a e r d d n a s e p o h , s e it e i x n a , s e ri s e d , s e c n a t s m u c ri c , s e it il a n o s r e p
d n a s t h g u o h t n a m u h h ti w h c u o t n i r e d a e r e h t t u p d n a s s e n e r a w a l a i c o s e t a l u m it s
a f o s e u s s i l a c it il o p d n a l a i c o s s s u c s i d o t d n a s e u s s i t u o b a s g n il e e
f cetrain itme
(Barranger ,1994 :7) .
e h t h g u o r h t g n i n a e m d e il p m i e h t d n if s e m it e m o s e w , k r o w y r a r e ti l a n I
e h t r e v il e d o t s r e t c a r a h c e h t h g u o r h t e m e h t e h t s e s s e r p x e r o h t u a e h T . s r e t c a r a h c
m s e s u r o h t u a e h t ,t i s s e r p x e o t y ll a u s U . k r o w y r a r e ti l a f o e g a s s e
m ore t han j us t
f o s e c n e u lf n i e h t m o r f tl i u b s i s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h T . r e t c a r a h c e n o
n a c e l p o e p , s r e t c a r a h c e h t g n i d li u b f o s s e c o r p e h T . y r o t s e h t n i t n e m n o ri v n e e h t
. k r o w y r a r e ti l e h t h g u o r h t w o h s o t s t n a w r o h t u a e h t t a h t e g a s s e m e h t e e s
a m a r d e h
T which i sused to discus si sN o Sugar w irtten by Jack Davis .
t u o b a s i y a l p e h t f o y r o t s e h T . t p ir c s y a l p f o m r o f e h t n i n e tt ir w s i y r o t s e h T
. e ti h w e h t y b n o i s s e r p p o r e d n u g n i v il y li m a f s ’ a r u m il li
1 e h
t 9 -29 1934 in Ausrtalia which wa sin grea tdepression du irng tha tpeirod in
a il a rt s u A n r e t s e W , m a h tr o
N (h ttp/:j/ohnwatsonstie.com/MyClassNotes /
l m t h . S N 8 y a s s E / y a s s E / s c i p o
T ). Thi splay i stelilng abou tan Abo irgina lfamliy
s a w n a il a rt s u A n e h w d n a p m a c a n i g n i v
il in agrea tdepression .Thi sAbo irgina l
y li m a
f quesiton saboutt he naitonaltiyof et h indigenou speoplei n Ausrtaila .The
f fi d d e t a e rt e r a e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n
i erenlty from the whtie sby the governmen to f
e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h t , n e v E . a il a rt s u
A areno tallowed t o marchont het ownand
w e h
t htie sare no tallowed to hang ou twtih the indigenou speople . The main
s i y a l p s i h t n i e m e h
t abou t the racia l rteatmen t by et wh htie s toward et h
. e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n
i Tatang Iskarna on hi sjourna lJack Davis ’No Sugar :A
S c it a m e l b o r P ’ s e n i g i r o b A f o t i a r t r o
P truggle said t ha tsince t hewhtie ssetlted in
d o o g e b d l u o c t a h t e g n a h c l a r e v e s e d a m y e h t , a il a rt s u
A o rbad improvement .
w e h t e c n i
S htie scamet o Ausrtaila, t heAbo irgine’s ltierature changed from ora l
w d o h t e m n e tt ir w e h T . e r u t a r e ti l n e tt ir w o t e r u t a r e ti
l a sbrough tbyt hef ris tsetlte r
m o r f s i h c i h
w Europe .On the othe rhand ,the wh ties intend to colonize the
e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n
i .He added tha tin thi splay there i san issue abou thow the
e h t e s u f e r e n i g ir o b
A whtie shegemony a sfollow .s “No Whtie ,meaning there
’ n d l u o h
s tbenoWh tiesi n Ausrtaila”(2004 :91) .The itlteNo Sugarcan betaken
. s d o o f e k a m o t r a g u s d d a o t n o it i d a rt ’ s e ti h W e h t s i r a g u s e s u a c e b ” e ti h W o N “ s a
s i h t f o c i p o t e h
T study i show indigenou speople srtuggle against et h
whtie’ s rteatmen tdu irng t he grea tdepression revealed t hrough t he characters i n
t a h t s r e t c a r a h c l a r e v e s e z y l a n a o t s e ir t r e ti r w e h T . y r o t s e h
t p lotthestoryinorde r
e l g g u rt s s u o n e g i d n i f o s e r u t c i p e h t d n a t s r e d n u o
u r t
S ggle o f the Indigenou s People In Austra ila A s Seen Through The y
a l P ’ si v a D k c a J n i s r e t c a r a h
c NoSugarast het opicoft hist hesi .s
.
B ProblemFormula iton
e e r h t s e t a l u m r o f r e ti r w e h t ,s i s e h t s i h t f o c i p o t e h t n i a l p x e o t r e d r o n I
. s m e l b o r p
.
1 Howaret hecharactersofi ndigenou speopledescirbed?
.
2 Howdot heWhtie srteatt hei ndigenou speople?
.
3 Howa rethesrtuggleo ftheindigenou speopler evealedt hrought he
s r e t c a r a h
c ?
.
C Objec itve soft heStudy
h t r e w s n a o t s i y d u t s s i h t f o e s o p r u p e h
T e quesiton o fthe wrtie rha s
e h t f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t n i a t b o o t s e ir t r e ti r w e h T . e v o b a d e n o it n e m y d a e rl a
f o d n i k d n if o t s e ir t r e ti r w e h t n e h T . t p ir c s y a l p e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c l a r e v e s
e v a h t a h t s r e t c a r a h c e h t d r a w o t y a l p e h t n i n o i s s e r p p
o beenmenitoned before .By
e h t y fi t n e d i o t s e ir t r e ti r w e h t , s n o i s s e r p p o e h t d n a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e s o h t g n i v a h
.s n o i s s e r p p o e h t t s n i a g a e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i f o e l g g u rt s
.
e k il d l u o w r e ti r w e h t ,s m r e t n i a tr e c n o g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m d i o v a o t r e d r o n I
f e d o
t ine some term stha tare o tfen menitoned in thi sstudy based on severa l
.s e c n e r e f e r
.
1 Characteirzaiton
n i n o m r a H d n a n a m l o
H AHandbookt oLtieraryTermssaidt ha tcharacte r
a s
i n example o f some vitrue o r type and no t a s an individuailzed
s u o l u r r a g a , n i k p m u b a , p o f a , n o tt u l g a , y d o b y s u b a s a h c u s y ti l a n o s r e p
.) 1 8 : 6 8 9 1 ( c t e , n a m d l o
.
2 Characters
s m a r b
A andHarpham in AGlossaryo fLtieraryTermsaid t ha tcharacter s
r e p e h t e r
a son represented in a dramaitc o rnarraitve work , who are
d n a , l a u t c e ll e t n i ,l a r o m r a l u c it r a p g n i s s e s s o p s a r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n i
r i e h t d n a y a s s n o s r e p e h t t a h w m o r f s e c n e r e f n i y b s e it il a u q l a n o it o m e
.) 2 4 : 9 0 0 2 ( ti g n i y a s f o s y a w e v it c n it s i d
.
3 Indigenou sPeoples/Abo irginal
k o o b r i e h t n i n if fi T d n a s h ti f fi r G , tf o r c h s
A KeyConcepsti nPost-colonia l
s e i d u t
S menitoned tha tindigenou speople are those ‘born in a place o r
. ’ n o i g e
r Thei ndigenou speoplei st hef risti nhabtianti nar egion .Thist erm
n e u q e r f w o
n lty used a sa sho trened form o f‘Ausrtailan Abo irgine’ to
d n i e h t e b ir c s e
6 I I R E T P A H C
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T
o t d e t a l e r e r a t a h t s e ir o e h t e m o s n i a l p x e o t e r a s t n i o p s ’ r e t p a h c s i h
T thi s
d n a , s e i d u t s d e t a l e r f o w e i v e r s i e n o t s ri f e h T . s tr a p n i a m e e r h t f o s t s i s n o c t I . y d u t s
e h t n I . m s i c it ir c e h t s i e n o t s a l e h t d n a w e i v e r l a c it e r o e h t e h t s i e n o d n o c e s e h t
t f o t c e j b o e h t f o n o it a n a l p x e f e ir b s e v i g r e ti r w e h t , s e i d u t s d e t a l e r f o w e i v e
r he
k o o t t a h t e l p o e p l a r e v e s o t g n i d r o c c a y d u t
s Davis’ No Sugar a s thei rmain
g n it r o p p u s e h t f o n o it a n a l p x e e h t s e v i g r e ti r w e h t , w e i v e r l a c it e r o e h T . s i s y l a n a
e ir o e h
t sf ort he na alysis .
.
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies
e H . a il a rt s u A n i t h g ir w y a l p k c a l b l a it n e u lf n i t s o m e h t f o e n o s i s i v a D k c a J
m u r o f a s a e g a t s e h t e s u o t s r e d n a l s I t i a rt s s e r r o T d n a s e n i g ir o b A r e h t o d e ri p s n i
. e l p o e p e ti h w h ti w g n it a c i n u m m o c r o
f No Sugardepicted t heforciblerelocaiton
e n i g ir o b A y t e n i n f
o st ot heMooreRive rSetltemen tdu irngt hedepresionyears in
s 0 2 9
1 -1930s (h ttp://www. ilvepefrormance.com.au/halloffamej/ackdavis1.html.)
r a g u S o
N i sa play abou tMliilmurra’ sfamliy ilving in Ausrtaila in the
’ a r r u m il li M . n o i s s e r p e D t a e r G f o e m
it sfamliy and othe rAbo irgina lfamliy are
e e t n a r a u g t o n d l u o c t n e m n r e v o g e h t e s u a c e b m a h tr o N m o r f r e v i R e r o o M o t t n e s
e h t ,t n e m n r e v o g e h T . n o it a r e h t y l p p u s o t m e h
t whtie ,dono t ilket heappearance
f
whtie ,excluding Frank who i sfirend of t hem ,and rty t o ifgh tagainst t he rule s
r o f ti f e n e b o n e v a h d n a e v it a n i m ir c s i d y r e v e r a t a h
t thei ndigenou speople.
e d n u n a s i e r e h
T rgraduate thesi s tha t discus ses postcoloniailsm ,
n i s r e t c a r a h c ’ I‘ y b d e t n e s e r p e R y t e i c o S e n i g i r o b A n i e c n a ts i s e R l a i n o l o c t s o P
u g l a r B o t k c a r T e h T s ’ r a g n o
W w irttenby EngOnny Lawaty .Thewrtie r ifnd sou t
e r s r e t c a r a h c e h t w o h t u o b a k r o w s ’ y t a w a I h ti w h c r a e s e r s i h t f o y ti r a li m i s e h
t vea l
y t e i c o s e n i g ir o b A f o e c n a t s i s e r l a i n o l o c t s o p e h
t (Lawaty ,2008 :ix) . Lawaty
e h t d n a y t e i c o s e n i g ir o b A f o n o it a t n e s e r p e r e h t s a ’ I ‘ s r e t c a r a h c e h t s e s o o h c
t u o s d n if r e ti r w e h t , h c r a e s e r s i h t n I . y t e i c o s e n i g ir o b A f o e c n a t s i s e r l a i n o l o c t s o p
o n e g i d n i e h
t u ssrtuggle through the character so fMliilmurra’ sfamliy a sthe
. y t e i c o s e n i g ir o b A f o n o it a t n e s e r p e r
, y a l p s i h t f o e lt it e h
T NoSuga rha sace trainmeaning .Sugarencompasse s
o n s n a e m r a g u S o N . s e n i g ir o b A o t e v i g t n e m n r e v o g e h t t a h t n o it a r e h
t raiton f o r
. e n i g ir o b
A Tatang Iskarna wrote “Jack Davis ’ No Sugar : A Porrtai t o f
r P ’ s e n i g ir o b
A oblemaitc Srtuggle” about t he meaning o f“no sugar” i n t he itlte.
t a h t d e t o n e
H No Sugarm nea s “No Whtie ,meaningt hereshould no tbeWhtiei n
n a c t i t u b , ” a il a rt s u
A oa ls mean“ Ihavenosugar ,Sri .Wouldyougivemesugar . I
d n e p e d e W . e ti h W . r M , r a g u s r u o y e k
il no you rsugar ,Mr .Setlter”( Iskarna ,2004
e h t g n o m a e l g g u rt s c it a m e l b o r p e h t e e s n a c e w , t n e m e t a t s s i h m o r F . ) 1 9 :
e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n
i .Fris,t t he indigenou speople do no t ilket heWhtiesincet hei r
e h t s m r a h a il a rt s u A n i t n e m e lt t e
s indigenou speople’ slfie .
l a r u tl u c s i e r e h t , d n o c e
S shfi tsincet hesetltemen toft hewhtiepeoplet ha t
f o m o t s u c e h t e g n a h
e k a
m theAbo irgine sdo a sthewhtie sdo .Thewhtie ssupply t heAbo irgine wtih
n i g ir o b A t o n e r a y ll a r u tl u c h c i h w ; p a o s d n a r a g u s , t a e
m a lcustom .Thi saciton
d n e p e d e n i g ir o b A e h t s e k a
m sont hewhtie .Incompairssont ot hi sgraduatet hesis ,
the wrtie r ifnd s tha tthi sundergraduate thesi s discusse s the srtuggle o f the
e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n
i du irng t hedepression yearsi n Ausrtailaand I skarnadiscusse s
e r u tl u c s u o n e g i d n i e h t f o e l g g u rt s c it a m e l b o r p e h t n
o that t hei ndigenou speople
s e ti h w e h t o t t n a d n e p e d e m o c e
b . The wrtie rfocuse son the oppression by the
e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h t o t s e ti h
w thatt hei ndigenou speoplehavet o dea lwtih t he
t s n i a g a e l g g u rt s y e h t w o h d n a s r a e y n o i s s e r p e d e h t g n ir u d a il a rt s u A n i n o it a u ti s
t n e m t a e rt l a u q e n u , e c i d u j e r p l a i c o s e h
t inl aw na dtherii nfeirors tatusi nAusrtaila.
r e h t o e h
T studie sabou tJack davis ’No Sugar i sw irtten by Jennfie r
e N c
M i lBerrtand .Shesaid t hat t hewh tie civiilzaiton causes t hedesrtuciton o fa
n ir b o t t p m e tt a y a l p e h t n i d e r u t a e f s r e z i n o l o c h s it ir B e h T . e r u tl u
c gciviilzaiton t o
y l e t a m it l u t u b , a il a rt s u A f o s e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e v it i m ir p e h t s a e e s y e h t t a h w
( n o it a c if ir u p l a i c a r f o m a r g o r p g n it a t s a v e d a n o k r a b m
e h ttp/:j/ennfier-mcneli
-k c a j/ m o c . 1 0 1 e ti u s. d n a rt r e
b -davis- on -sugar---desrtuciton- fo -a-cutlure-a231716 .)
e h
T studie smenitonedabovet ha tbasedoni ndigenou speopleo fAusrtaila
e r a n o i s s e r p p o s e ti h w e h t o t e l g g u rt
s developedi nthi sundergraduatet hesis .From
n a m e r a e r e h t t a h t s d n if r e ti r w e h t ,s e i d u t s e s o h
t ykind sofs rtugglet hats howedby
. e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h
t The wrtiert irest o analyzehow t hei ndigenou speople i n
.
B Reviewo fRelatedTheories .
1 Theory o fCharacter
k r o w e h t n I . k r o w y r a r e ti l e h t n i s t n e m e l e c i s n ir t n i e h t f o e n o s i r e t c a r a h C
’ s i v a D k c a J f
o No Sugar,t hemajo rcharacteri sabou tMliilmurra’sf amliy .Those
e h t t a h t s r e b m e m y li m a
f wrtie ri sgoing to analyze are Jimmy Munday ,Joe
, a r u m il li
M andGrandma .Eachcharacte rwilll eadt ot hemessageoft hes tory .
n i s c i k i
M A New Handbook o fLtieraryTerms ,assetrst ha teitmologically
‘ d r o w k e e r G m o r f s i r e t c a r a h c d r o w e h
t Kharakter’ fo ra mark o rstamp ;a
. n o s r e p a f o , n o it a r a l c e d r o , n g i s a ; e r u t a e f e v it c n it s i
d Acharacte rpresents ab ire f
3 5 : 7 0 0 2 ( l a i c o s r a il i m a f a f o h c t e k
s -54) . So ,i tcan be said tha tMliilmurra’ s
n i e fi l s ’ y li m a f l a n i g ir o b A f o n o it p ir c s e d a s i , y r o e h t ’ s c i k i M o t g n i d r o c c a , y li m a f
. a il a rt s u A
k o o b r i e h t n i n o m r a H d n a n a m l o
H AHandbooko fLtieraryTerms explain
c a r a h c t a h
t teri sdescirbed no ta sani ndividuailzedpersonaltiy bu ta sanexample
t I . ) 2 8 : 6 8 9 1 ( c t e , n o tt u l g a , y d o b y s u b a s a h c u s , e p y t r o e u tr i v r o e c i v e m o s f o
.s g n i h t e t a m i n a n i g n i d u l c n i o s l a t u b e t a m i n a y l n o t o n s i r e t c a r a h c t a h t s w o h s
, k o o b s i h n
I The Penguin Dicitonary o fLtierary Term ,Cuddon explain s
e h t t a h t s y a s e H . r e t c a r a h c o t h c a o r p p a s ’t s il e v o n e h t f o s n o it a t o u q e m o s h g u o r h t
6 2 1 : 8 9 9 1 ( e s r e v i n u e h t f o t n e m i d o b m e n a s a w , r e t c a r a h c , n a
m -127) .
.
2 Theoryo fCharacteriza iton
m a h p r a H d n a s m a r b
A in A Glossary of Ltierary Terms desc irbe stha t
k r o w e v it a r r a n e h t f o r o h t u a e h t s e m it e m o s t u B . n o it c a d n a h c e e p s s ’ s r e t c a r a h c
s g n il e e f d n a s t h g u o h t r e n n i s ’ r e t c a r a h c h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c a f o y ti l a u q e h t s t n e s e r p
.) 3 4 : 9 0 0 2
(
l a r u t a n d n a l a r o m s r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h t f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t , e r o f e r e h T
n i s e it il a u
q NoSugar ,can bedrawnbyt hei racitonandwhatt heyhavesaidi nt he
n i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c t u o b a n o it a n a l p x e f e ir b s e v i g k c i d l a B . y r o t
s The Concsie
f o y r a n o it c i D d r o f x
O Ltieratureasf ollows:
y a m s i h T . s k r o w c it a m a r d d n a e v it a r r a n n i s n o s r e p f o n o it a t n e s e r p e r e h t
r o n o it p ir c s e d n i s e it il a u q f o n o it u b ir tt a e h t e k il s d o h t e m t c e ri d e d u l c n i
r e f n i o t s r e d a e r g n it i v n i s d o h t e m ) ’ c it a m a r d ‘ r o ( t c e ri d n i d n a , y r a t n e m m o c
. e c n a r a e p p a r o , h c e e p s ,s n o it c a ’ s r e t c a r a h c m o r f s e it il a u q
n i a l p x e e
H st hattherearet womethodst o analyzet hequaltiyoft hepersoni nt he
r e t c a r a h c e h t f o n o it p ir c s e d e v i g o t r o h t u a e h t f o y a w a s i s d o h t e m t c e ri D . y r o t s
e d f e ir b r o t n e m m o c t c e ri d m o r
f scirpiton i n t he narraitvestory .Indriec tmethod s
. fl e s r e h r o s i h y b n o s r e p e h t f o y ti l a u q e h t s r e f n i k r o w y r a r e ti l a f o r e d a e r e h t t e l
a m a r D e z y l a n A o t w o
H by Ch irstophe rRusse lReaske expose sway sto
r e t c a r a h c e z y l a n
a put ssix device sin which an autho rattempt sto make the
: 6 6 9 1 ( s r e d a e r e h t r o f e v il a e m o c e b d n a d n a t s r e d n u o t y s a e a m a r d a n i s r e t c a r a h c
6
4 -48) .Theway sare:
.
a The Appearanceo fthe Character .The playw irgh to tfen descirbest he
t a h t y a s o t s n a e m t I . e s n e s l a c i s y h p e h t n i r e t c a r a h c e h
t we can see the
s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h
c throughhow t hey l ook ilkeand how t hey
. p u s s e r d
.
u q o li l o s r e g n o
l ies .Thi sdevice si sone o fthe mos texper tdevice so f
. n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c
.
c Dialogue between Characters . The language o fthe characte rwhen .
y ti l a n o s r e p r e h r o s i h o t s e u l c s e v i g s r e h t o o t g n i k a e p s
.
d Hidden Narra iton .The hidden narraiton in thi ssense tha ti ti sno tthe a n i r e t c a r a h c e n o s a h t h g ir w y a l p e h t t u b , t n e m m o c t c e ri d s ’t h g ir w y a l p
.r e t c a r a h c r e h t o n a t u o b a g n i h t e m o s e t a r r a n t a h t y a l p
.
e Language . Though Reaske assume stha tthe language o fany given
r e t c a r a h
c can no t be emohasized many itme s a s exrtemely cenrta l
e h t w o h r e b m e m e r o t l u f e r a c e b t s u m e w t a h t s tr e s s a e h t u b , s e t u b ir tt a
e h t t a h t s n o i s s e r p x e e h t d n a s k a e p s r e t c a r a h c a y a w e h T . s k a e p s r e t c a r a h c
. n r e c n o c t s ri f r u o e b s y a w l a d l u o h s s e s u r e t c a r a h c
.f Characteri nAciton .Theplaywirgh tchossest ohaveacharacte ro rmore , e h t d n a t s r e d n u y li s a e n a c e W . r e h t o n a n a h t r e h t a r y a w e n o n i g n it c a
e h t n i d e v l o v n i e r o m e m o c e b s r e t c a r a h c e h t s a r e t c a r a h c e h t f o y ti l a n o s r e p
. y a l p e h t f o n o it c a
n
I A Handbook to L tierature , Holman and Harmon say that
e h t r o f t s i x e y e h t t a h t o s s n o s r e p y r a n i g a m i e h t f o n o it a e r c e h t s i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c
. e k il e fi l s a s r e d a e
r A goodwrtier’ sp irmary attirbutei st heablitiy t o characteirze
: 6 8 9 1
( 18 -8 2 .)Hearguest hatt herearet hreef undamenta lmethodst ocharacteirze .
s i t i d n a n o it i s o p x e t c e ri d h g u o r h t n o it a t n e s e r p t i c il p x e s e v i g r o h t u a e h t , t s ri F
c e h t f o n o it a t n e s e r p e h t , d n o c e S . n o it c a y b d e t a rt s u ll
i haractersi n aciton wtihou t
w r
e h t e c u d e d o t e l b a e b l li
w att irbute so fthe acto rfrom the aciton .Thrid ,the
y b r e t c a r a h c e h t n o t n e m m o c t u o h ti w s i tI . r e t c a r a h c a n i h ti w m o r f n o it a t n e s e r p e r
s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t f o s n o it o m e d n a s n o it c a f o t c a p m i e h t f o , r o h t u a e h
t inners efl ,wtih
s e t u b ir tt a e h t f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u r a e l c a o t e m o c l li w r e d a e r e h t t a h t n o it a t c e p x e e h t
.r e t c a r a h c e h t f o
.
3 Theory o fPostcolonial
u m r o f n if fi T d n a s h ti f fi r G , tf o r c h s
A latet het ermsi n studying postcolonia l
k o o b r i e h t n
i KeyConceptsI n Pos -t Colonia lStudiestha tpostcolonialdeal swtih
s e it e i c o s d n a e r u tl u c n o n o it a z il a i n o l o c f o s t c e f f e e h
t (Aschro tf ,2009 :186 .) The
l a i n o l o c n i h ti w s n o it c a r e t n i l a r u tl u c o t r e f e r o t d e s u t s ri f s a w ’ l a i n o l o c t s o p ‘ m r e t
s e it e i c o
s . Aschrof t e t a l state tha t the term postcolonia l mean s the pos t
d e z i n o l o c e h t s e s o p x e y r o e h t l a i n o l o c t s o p t a h t s n a e m t I . d o ir e p e c n e d n e p e d n i
.) 6 8 1 : 9 0 0 2 , tf o r h c s A ( s r e z i n o l o c e h t m o r f n o e v o m y e h t w o h n i s e ir t n u o c
l o rt n o c d n a t s e u q n o c e h t s a d e n if e d e b n a c m s il a i n o l o c m r e t e h
T o fothe r
: 8 9 9 1 ( m s il a i n o l o c t s o P / m s il a i n o l o C n i s e t o n a b m o o L s a s d o o g d n a d n a l s ’ e l p o e p
d e z i n o l o c e h t t u o b a s y a w l a t o n s i ’l a i n o l o c t s o p ‘ m r e t e h t t a h t s e t o n o s l a e h S . ) 1
f o t c e j b u s e h t e r a s e m it e m o s y rt n u o c r e z i n o l o c e h T . y rt n u o
c postcolonial ,asi ta s
e h
t agen tofr ulei nacolonizedcoun rty.
m o
S e o fpostcolonia lltierature is w irtten in Engilsh a sthe colonized
r e t n u o c o d o t y rt y rt n u o
c -discourse using ltierature . Bressle r in Ltierary
, e c it c a r P d n a y r o e h T o t n o it c u d o r t n I n A : m s i c it i r
C assetr stha tpostcoloniailsm
s n r e c n o c t a h t s i s y l a n a y r a r e ti l o t h c a o r p p a n a s a d e n if e d e b n a
e h t o t s r e f e r m s il a i n o l o c t s o P . s e ir t n u o c d e z i n o l o c y lr e m r o f n i h s il g n E n i n e tt ir w
d n a t n e d n e p e d n i e m o c e b e v a h y rt n u o c d e z i n o l o c e h t r e tf a d o ir e
p the
e m o c e b y rt n u o c d e z i n o l o c e h t t a h t e m it e h t m o r f y t e i c o s e h t f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c
5 6 2 : 9 9 9 1 , r e l s s e r B ( t n e s e r p l it n u t n e d n e p e d n
i -266 .)
o t s r e f e r y ll a u s s u m s il a i n o l o c t s o p t a h t s y a s r e l s s e r B , k o o b e m a s e h t n I
d e z i n o l o c f o e r u t a r e ti
l cutlure by the B iritsh Emprie .B iritsh Emprie wa sthe
il a i n o l o c s i h t f o r e t n e
c sm ,tha tthey conquer the land and the hegemony o r
y a d o t tl e f e b n a c s n o it a z i n o l o c f o s t c e f f e e h T . e l p o e p d e z i n o l o c e h t f o y g o l o e d i
6 6 2 : 9 9 9 1 , r e l s s e r B
( -267) .
, k o o b r i e h t n i l a t e t f o r c h s
A Key Concept s in Post-Colonia l Studies
f o e s r u o c s i d l a i n o l o c t s o p d n a t s il a i n o l o c o t l a rt n e c n e e b s a h y d o b e h t t a h t s n i a l p x e
, e p a h s e y e , e p y t ri a h , r u o l o c n i k s n i d e t s e fi n a m s a e c n e r e f fi d e h T . s d n i k s u o ir a v
e r d n a p o l e v e d e c n e r e f fi d e h T . d e z i s a h p m e e r a , c t e , e p a h s e s o
n inforce prejudice
. s p u o r g c if i c e p s t s n i a g
a The hegemony oft he colonize rconsrtuctst he colonized
r o ir e f n i s a y rt n u o
c byemphasizingt hedfiference( Aschro tf ,2001 :183-184).
a e c i d u j e r p e h
T regenerated f o reconomicr eason ,cheapl abou ro rslavery .
y r e v a l
S i soneoft he colonia ldevicest o bulid anew setltemen tand t o consrtuc t
e h t e d i s t u o s p u o r g r o e l p o e p ‘ h ti w d e t a i c o s s a s a w y r e v a l S . e r u tl u c s ’ r e z i n o l o c e h t
y r e v a l s t a h t s n a e m t i ,t x e t n o c l a i n o l o c e h t n I . ) 3 1 2 : 1 0 0 2 , tf o r h c s A ( ’ y ti n u m m o c
d h ti w e l p o e p e r
a fiferen tkindofr acef romt hecolonizer’s .
d n a s r e lt t e s e ti h w f o s t n a d n e c s e d n e e w t e b t n e d i v e s s e l s i h c i h w , y ti d ir b y H
, a d a n a C r o d n a l a e Z w e N ; a il a rt s u A n i e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i e h t f o e s o h
t is t hatt he
, e l u r l a i n o l o c f o s t n e g a e h t e r e w s r e lt t e s e ti h W . s t c e j b u s l a i n o l o c t s o p d e r e d i s n o c
n I . ) 9 : 8 9 9 1 , a b m o o L ( y rt n u o c r e h t o m e h t h ti w s e c n e r e f fi d r i e h t t a h w r e tt a m o n
d
a diiton ,the term postcolonia lrefer sto speciifc group so fpeople (colonized
d n a e g n e ll a h c , e l u r l a i n o l o c t s n i a g a t h g if o h w s t s i v it c a d n a s l a u t c e ll e t n i ; ) y rt n u o c
o t r e d r o n i s s a l c d n a e g a u g n a l , e r u tl u c , e c a r f o s n o it i n if e d t n a n i m o d e s i v e r
i e h t e t a rt s n o m e
d rf eeilngt owardcoloniailsm( Loomba ,1998 :19-2 0 .)
r i e h t h ti w e r u tl u c s ’l a n i g ir o b A t u o b a e ti r w a r h s i M y a ji V d n a e g d o H b o B
e c a l P l a n i g i r o b
A .They ifnd tha tAbo irgina lar tand ltierature i sno t irch in
ir o b A . s e p a c s d n a l f o s n o it a c o v e d n a d n a l o t s e c n e r e f e
r ginei salway sconnectedt o
e h t s e g n a h c t i , d n a l l a n i g ir o b A n i n o it a z il i v i c e ti h w f o n o i s n a p x e e h t e c n i S . d n a l
. ) 2 1 4 : 7 9 9 1 , e g d o H ( e r u t a r e ti l d n a t r a l a n i g ir o b A f o e m e h t
.
4 ReviewonI ndigenou sSocietyinWesternAustraila
e ti h w e h t f o l a v ir r a e h t e r o f e
B setlters t o Ausrtaila, t he Abo irgine swere
r o f e l b a ti u s t o n s i a il a rt s u A f o s l a m i n a s u o n e g i d n i e h t s A . d n a l e h t n i s e v it a n e h t
d n a g n it n u h y b d o o f t e g o t y a w l a n o it i d a rt a n i e v il e n i g ir o b A e h t , g n i d r e h
g n a r e m o o b s i s n o p a e w g n it n u h r i e h t f o e n O . g n ir e h t a
g ,a throwing sitck .They
s tl u c s u o i g il e r ri e h t n i n e e s e b n a c t a h t a il a rt s u A f o e r u t a n h ti w y n o m r a h n i d e v il
s l a u ti r d n
a (http://www.historywo lrd.net.)
f o t n e m e lt t e s e h t r e tf a y ll a c i d a r d e g n a h c y r o t s i h e n i g ir o b A f o e fi l e h T
8 1 n i y n o l o c h s it ir
B th and 19th century .Captain Jame sCook claimed t he eastern
t d e g d u j k o o C . t n e n it n o c n a il a rt s u A e h t f o f l a
h hei ndigenou speoplewerenott he
a il a rt s u A t a h t m i a l c e h t f o e s u a c e b s i tI . e l p o e p s u o n e g i d n i o t n o it a it o g e n t u o h ti w
a s a
w TerraNuliluso rwastel and( Cashmore ,2004 :1 .)
d n
I igenou speople weredisplaced from t hei rway sof l fie and ilving i n a
l a n i g ir o b A “ e h t d e c a f a il a rt s u A f o t n e m n r e v o g e h T , y r u t n e c h t 9 1 e t a l e h t n I . p m a c
o h w e l p o e p l a n i g ir o b A t n a e m ’ m e l b o r P l a n i g ir o b A ‘ t a h t s n i a l p x e d a e R . ” m e l b o r P
o t t o n e s o h c r o , t o n d l u o
c ilveast hewhtiesetlte rwantt hem t o do(Read ,2006) .
y n a m e s u a c e b , n w o d n e k o r b s a w e l p o e p e h t d n a e r u t a n n e e w t e b e c n a l a b e h T
n i g n i v il s a w e n i g ir o b A e h T . s r e lt t e s e h t m o r f s g u r d d n a r o u q il t h g u o b e n i g ir o b A
’ p m a c n o it a v r e s e r ‘ e h
t du irng the colonizaiton . Thi s era wa s called a s the
r o f l a g e ll i s a w t I . ’ a r e t s i n o it c e t o r p
‘ an Abo irgina lperson to march in town .I f
y lt n e c e d t o n d n a y ti l a p i c i n u m r o y ti c e h t n w o d g n i k l a w p u t h g u a c e r e w y e h t
u s u e h T . n o e v o m o t d e t c e ri d e b d l u o c d e h t o l
c a lexcepiton t o t hese rest irciton s
d e y o l p m e y ll u f w a l s a w n o s r e p e h t f i s a
w .Rober tFoster quote sJohn Verran’ s
.s w o ll o f s a e c n a r r e tt u
e s o h t f o e r a c d n a n o it c e t o r p e h t r o f y l n o t o n e t a l s i g e l o t d e s o p o r p s a w t I
o c e b s a w t I .l o rt n o c r i e h t r o f o s l a t u b , e l p o e
p mingmoreandmoreurgenlty
p e e k o t n e v i g e b d l u o h s r e w o p l a g e l t a h t ,s e k a s n w o r i e h t r o f , y r a s s e c e n
t n e i d e p x e d n u o f s a w h c u s n e h w d n a e r e h w d n a , s n w o t e h t m o r f y a w a m e h t
– again fo rthei rown benefti s– to requrie them to ilve in thei rown d
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