The Indonesian Way
Module 8 – Getting Advice
George Quinn & Uli Kozok
License
“The Indonesian Way” by George Quinn and Uli Kozok is licensed under a Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)” license.
Under the license you are free to:
● Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format ● Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
Under the following terms:
➢ Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
➢ NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
➢ ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
Please note that the license covers the text and the sound files, but excludes the illustrations.
Date of Last Revision: 13 February 2015
The development of “The Indonesian Way” was sponsored by grant P017A090375-10 from the US Department of Education, International Research and Studies Program.
Module 8
Getting Advice about Health and Personal Problems
The basic aim of Module 8 is to provide you with the vocabulary, grammatical resources and model sentences that will enable you to discuss illness and personal problems. You will learn the names of the most important parts of the body and some common adjectives relating to feelings.
Anggota Badan
Aims
• To introduce the main terms for parts of the body.
Vocabulary Review
Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous les-sons. Make sure that you remember their meanings.
kaki foot, leg perlu to need
kemarin yesterday pertama-tama first of all
kemudian then perut abdomen, belly
lalu then sakit to be sick
lupa forget tangan hand
mata eye topi hat, cap
muka the face
The Parts of the Body
The pictures below give terms for the main (external) parts of the body (anggota badan). It is important to bear a couple of points in mind as you study the labels on these pictures. First, Indonesian doesn’t “divide up” the body in exactly the same way as English does. In English we have the separate terms for “arm” and “hand” and also for “leg” and “foot”. In In-donesian the division is slightly different. The upper limbs are divided into arm (lengan) and hand (tangan), whereas the lower limbs are divided into thigh (paha), calf (betis), and foot (kaki).
So does the Indonesian language have no word for leg? Well, it is a little bit complicated, as the terms for hand (tangan) and foot (kaki) are commonly used to refer to the entire limb. So the meaning of tangan and kaki is ambivalent.Tangan can refer to the hand only, or to the entire limb (hand and arm). Likewisekaki can refer to the foot only or to the entire limb.
This may sound confusing, but it really isn’t.Kaki andtangan are universal terms that are used almost exclusively unless it is absolutely necessary to diff er-entiate. Only then are the wordslengan, paha and betis used. For the time being, you do not need to memorise the wordspaha andbetis, but we want you to be able to distinguish betweenlengan and ta-ngan aslengan is also used for “sleeve”—although here, too, the formtangan panjang (long sleeve) is used besides lengan panjang!
Here are some words that you already have learned in combination withtangan: tanda tangan (signature),jam tangan (wristwatch),tulisan tangan (hand writing),kerajinan tangan (handicraft),sapu ta-ngan (handkerchief).
And here are some words based on kaki. Some are new, although you know the individual compon-ents already:berjalan kaki (to walk),kaki tiga (tripod), kaki lima (footpath, sidewalk – because by regulation they were 5 feet wide), kaki ayam (barefoot).
The termjari does for both “fingers” and “toes”. Only if we absolutely have to distinguish between the two things we can sayjari tangan andjari kaki. On the other hand, in English we have the word “hair” which serves to refer to hair on any part of the
body. But in Indonesian a careful distinction is made between hair on the head (rambut) and hair on the rest of the body (bulu).
Second, like English, Indonesian has a number of euphemistic terms to refer to “sensitive” or “taboo” parts of the body. A couple are given here (kemaluan andbuah dada) because, although there are parallel non-euphemistic or “crass” terms, it is the euphemisms that are most commonly heard in public, polite, everyday conversation.
Awas !!
By the way, in the Javanese language a special, compulsory vocabulary exists for referring to other people’s bodies. You refer to your own eyes as yourmripat but to someone else’s as theirtingal or sotya. The wordmata also exists in Javanese but it is used only for referring to the eyes of animals, not human beings. So when Javanese people are speaking in Indonesian and have to use the In-donesian wordmata to refer to another person’s eyes, some feel uncomfortable about it.
On the Inside
Here are the main internal components of the human body. Please note that the proper name for stomach islambung, but in colloquial speech it is usually calledperut (abdomen). Stomach ache, for instance, is always sakit perut.
Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu
Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.
lalu then
lupa to forget
perlu to need
pertama-tama first of all
dewasa hat, cap
kemarin sick, to be sick
kemudian yesterday
sakit adult
topi then
Latihan 2—Isian
The Indonesian sentences were only partly translated. Complete the translation. 1. Otot di punggungnya sakit. The ________ in her back are sore.
5. Saya sakit perut. I have a ________ ache.
6. Sebaiknya jangan merokok. Merokok itu tidak baik untuk pembuluh darah. You shouldn’t smoke. Smoking is not good for your ________.
7. Tulang-tulang di kaki saya terasa sakit. The ________ in my leg feel sore.
8. Bagus! Usus saya tidak perlu dioperasi! Wonderful! I don’t need to have surgery on my ________.
9. Dia minum terlalu banyak alkohol. Sekarang hatinya rusak. He drank too much alcohol. Now his ________ is damaged.
Latihan 3— Isian: Bagian-Bagian Tubuh
Pilih di antara bagian-bagian tubuh berikut: bahu—buah dada—hati—hidung—jantung—jari—kaki —kemaluan—lambung—leher—lengan—mata—mulut—otak—paru-paru—pembuluh darah— perut—rambut—tangan—telinga—tulang—usus
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
f. F.
g. G.
h. H.
I.
j.
k.
l.
Latihan 4—Isian
Most Indonesians are Muslims. Many follow the orthodox requirement to pray to God five times a day. Before praying you must prepare yourself physically and mentally. The physical pre-paration involves carefully washing your face, arms and feet. This ritual is called wudu. As you purify yourself in this way, you also settle your mind so that you can concentrate fully on coming before God in prayer.
Wudu is usually performed in a particular way. The pictures below show how it is done. Fill in the blank in the sentence beside each picture with a term indicating which part of the body is be-ing washed. Notice the passive forms of the verbsdicuci (to be washed) anddibersihkan (to be cleaned) in these sentences.
bersembahyang—hidung—jari—kaki—muka—mulut—rambut—tangan—telinga
1
1. Pertama-tama _____________ dibersihkan lebih dahulu.
2. Lalu _____________ juga dicuci.
2
3
3. Kemudian _____________ juga dibersihkan.
4. Sesudah itu _____________ juga dicuci. 4
5
5. Lalu _____________ juga dicuci sampai ke siku.
6. Lalu _____________ juga dicuci. 6
7
7. Tidak lupa _____________ juga dicuci.
8. Akhirnya _____________ juga perlu dicuci. 8
Latihan 5—Teka-Teki Silang (TTS)
Note: You may need to consult a dictionary. A simple online dictionary such as indodic.com will be sufficient.
Mendatar:
3. Jangan minta tolong! Berdiri di atas ______ sendiri!
4. Bahasa Inggris “ready”. 5. Tumbuh di atas kepala.
7. Terdapat di dalam mulut, warnanya putih.
8. Di sini ada mata, hidung dan mulut. 9. Di ujungnya ada lima jari, di tengah ada siku.
11. Tumbuh di beberapa bagian tubuh (tetapi tidak di atas kepala).
12. Laki-laki tertarik pada Siti karena dia ______ sekali.
15. Anda duduk di atas anggota badan ini.
17. Perempuan dewasa punya dua buah ______.
18. Terdapat di kanan kiri leher. 19. Sama dengan tubuh.
Menurun:
1. Digunakan untuk memegang sesuatu. 2. Jumlahnya lima, di ujung tangan dan kaki.
3. Digunakan untuk melakukan hubungan seks dan buang air. 4. Terletak di tengah-tengah di antara jari tangan dan bahu. 6. Menarik, tidak jelek (untuk laki-laki).
Menggambarkan Fisik Seseorang
Aims
• To review colours and practise describing the colours of things. • To practise describing a person’s appearance.
Vocabulary Review
Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous les-sons. Make sure that you remember their meanings.
abu-abu grey kuning yellow
atap a roof kurus slim, skinny, thin
berwarna to have a colour merah red
biru blue minta tolong to ask help
blus a blouse peci a fez
gemuk chubby, fat pendek short
hijau green penjahat a criminal
menghubungi to contact, call rambut hair
lengan sleeve segera immediately, soon
mencari to look for tinggi tall, high
kantor polisi police station
Fine-Tuning the Terms for Colours
In Lesson 27 you learned the main words for colours. You are about to fine-tune your com -mand of these terms, so review Lesson 27 first to make sure you can automatically produce them. Here are two ways you can talk in a more nuanced, more precise way about colours.
In Indonesian, dark colours are “old” (tua) and light colours are “young” (muda).Muda andTua can not be used with hitam (black) and putih (white)!
hijau tua dark green
biru muda light blue
merah tua dark red
kuning muda light yellow
Blusnya kuning tua.
Her blouse is dark yellow. or
Blusnya berwarna kuning tua.
Her blouse is dark yellow in colour.
Atap rumahnya biru muda.
His house has a blue roof. or
Atap rumahnya berwarna biru muda.
His house has a roof that’s blue in colour.
In English you can use the suffix “-ish” to describe something that has a certain hue or tinge, for example “reddish”, “greenish”, “yellowish” etc. In Indonesian you produce a similar effect by 1 reduplicating the adjective and 2 nesting it between the affixes ke- and -an.
He has reddish hair.
Orang yang mempunyai penyakit hati kulitnya menjadi kekuning-kuningan. A yellowish skin tone develops in people suffering from liver disease.
Talking About Someone’s Appearance
Here are some of the very common adjectives that can be used to talk about someone’s ap-pearance (you have met and practised some of them already). Check that you know the meanings of all of them.
Someone’s general proportions tinggi, pendek, besar, kecil, biasa
Someone’s general appearance cantik, ganteng, jelek, biasa, kurus, gemuk The appearance of someone’s hair botak, panjang, pendek, lurus, keriting
The colour of someone’s hair hitam, pirang, putih, kemerah-merahan, coklat tua The colour of someone’s skin putih, kuning langsat, sawo matang, hitam manis The colour of someone’s eyes hitam, coklat, biru, kehijau-hijauan
Exercise 101-01
Translate these sentences into good Indonesian. Remember two things: 1. with a tiny number of special exceptions, the adjective follows the noun in Indonesian, and 2. “to have” is often ex-pressed with the possessive suffix -nya. First check the model below.
Cue sentence: She has very long hair.
You write: Dia itu rambutnya panjang sekali. or (more commonly) Rambutnya panjang sekali. 1. She has black shoes and a light yellow blouse. 2. She bought some dark red flowers.
3. He has a darkish complexion.
4. Surtiningsih is wearing a greenish coloured dress. 5. Yusuf has long reddish hair.
6. He is wearing long pants and a dark blue shirt. 7. He is very tall. His eyes are greenish in colour. 8. Julia has a huge bottom but very thin legs. 9. She is rather short but very pretty.
10. She likes stylish clothes and the colour grey.
Role Play: Describing a Fugitive from the Law
Imagine that you are a police officer (polisi). You have to describe a fugitive criminal (penjahat) to journalists, to the public or to fellow police officers. Your description should cover sex, age, place of origin, height, whether the person is fat or thin, hair colour, eye colour, complexion and what the person is wearing. Your description might begin like this (as you repeat the role play, you should radically vary this opening):
Listen to Sound File 101-01.
elamat pagi (siang/sore/malam) Bapak-Bapak dan Ibu-Ibu. Nama saya Ridwan. Saya ke-pala kantor polisi di sini. Kami sedang mencari seorang penjahat dari Wonosobo berna-ma Joko yang dicari karena mencuri mobil. Dia berumur kira-kira 25 (dua puluh liberna-ma) ta-hun. Tinggi badannya 170 (seratus tujuh puluh) sentimeter dan agak gemuk. Dia berkulit sawo matang dengan rambut lurus dan pendek. Ia memakai kemeja lengan pendek, (etc. etc. etc.) ….
S
The police officer should conclude by saying something like this: Sound File 101-02. aya minta tolong kepada Bapak-Bapak dan Ibu-Ibu kalau melihat orang ini, segera hu-bungi kami di nomor 2457278 (dua empat lima tujuh dua tujuh delapan). Terima ka-sih. Ada pertanyaan?
S
The “audience” now quizzes the speaker, asking for clarification and more details. There are many kinds of questions you can ask, but two important ones that relate to recent lessons are:
1. use memakai to ask about what the fugitive is/was wearing. For example
Joko topi
Apakah penjahat itu memakai peci ?
ikat kepala
2. Use -nya constructions to ask about what kind of personal features and clothes the fugitive has. For example:
rambutnya lurus? rambutnya panjang?
Apakah Joko itu rambutnya keriting?
penjahat itu berbaju biru? bercelana jins?
Red as a Mountain Apple
‘Light Red’ is, as we have learned above,merah muda. More common, however, is it to refer to a pinkish colour with the termmerah jambu.Jambu air is the name of the fruit very closely related to the Malay apple, which in Hawai’i is known as the mountain apple. The fruit with the Latin name Syzygium aqueum is juicy and slightly sweet-sour and is often part of the spicy fruit salad called rujak.
Of course you should also try to re-cycle all the kinds of questions you have practised so far, for ex-ample questions beginning with:
Di mana …. Siapa yang ….
Hari apa / Tanggal berapa / Jam berapa / Kapan ….
Kenapa …. Apakah ada …. Bagaimana ….
and many more.
More about the Prefix
ber-The prefixber- forms intransitive verbs (that is verbs that cannot take an object) such as ber-henti (to stop),berangkat (to leave),bekerja (to work),belajar (to study),berenang (to swim), berte-mu (to meet),berpikir (to think),berdiri (to stand),berbelanja (to shop),bersiap-siap (to get ready), beristirahat (to rest), bersisir (to comb).
A large group of ber- verbs is based on nouns and has the general meaning “to have/own [base]”:
bersuami to have a husband berumur be aged
bernama be named beranak have children berguna to be useful
berhasil to have success, to succeed
A subgroup of this group means “to use, wear, travel by [base]”: bertopi to wear a hat
berdasi to wear a tie bersepatu to wear shoes berkacamata to wear glasses berbaju to wear a shirt berkuda to ride a horse bersepeda to ride a bicycle
Adjectives or possessive nouns can be added: berkacamata hitam to wear sunglasses berbaju biru to wear a blue shirt
bertopi koboi to wear a cowboy hat
bersepeda balap to ride a racing bike
Instead of using ber- one can of course also use memakai or naik: Anak itu berkacamata minus. / Anak itu memakai kacamata minus. That child wears minus (myopic) glasses.
Toni setiap hari bersepeda ke kantor. / Toni setiap hari naik sepeda ke kantor. Every day Toni goes to his office by bike.
Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu
Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.
atap blue kuning to ask for help
berwarna a blouse kurus red
biru green merah short
blus to have a colour minta tolong thin
hijau a roof peci tall
menghubungi sleeves pendek hair
lengan to look for rambut yellow
mencari a police station tinggi a fez
kantor polisi to call
Latihan 2—Menjodohkan
Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.
hijau tua light blue
kekuning-kuningan blackish
biru muda greyish
merah tua brown
kehitam-hitaman greenish
coklat dark green
kehijau-hijauan dark red
keabu-abuan yellowish
Latihan 3—Terjemahan
Translate the following phrases into Indonesian.
1. black shoes ... 2. yellow light blouse ...
3. darkish complexion ... 4. greenish coloured dress ... 5. long reddish hair ... 6. dark blue shirt ... 7. greenish eyes ... 8. thin legs ...
Latihan 4—Pemahaman
Jawablah pertanyaan berikut sesuai dengan informasi yang terdapat dalam bacaan “Polisi dan Penjahat”.
1. Who is Ridwan? A. A journalist B. A villager C. A fugitive D. A police officer 2. Who is Joko?
A. Joko is a tourist from Wonosobo.
B. Joko owns a mobile phone shop in Wonosobo. C. Joko is looking for a mobile phone.
D. Joko is a car thieve at large. 3. Joko is a very fat guy.
A. True B. False 4. Joko’s hair is…
A. short, curly, and red
B. short, straight, and reddish C. long, straight, and reddish 5. Joko’s complexion is…
A. white
B. very light brown C. brown
D. black
6. What clothes did Joko wear when he ran away?
A. green shirt with short sleeves and brown short pants B. dark green shirt with short sleeves and black long pants C. green shirt with short sleeves and black long pants D. light green shirt with short sleeves and black short pants
7. What number should they call if they happen to see Joko? A. 245 72 78
B. 254 78 72 C. 245 78 72 D. 245 27 28
Latihan 5—Isian
Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat. celana panjang—gemuk—hubungi —kemerah-merahan—mencuri—penjahat
Selamat pagi, Bapak-Bapak dan Ibu-Ibu. Nama saya Ridwan. Saya kepala kantor polisi di sini. Kami sedang mencari seorang ___________ dari Wonosobo bernama Joko yang dicari karena ___________ mobil. Dia berumur kira-kira dua puluh lima tahun. Tinggi ba-dannya seratus tujuh puluh sentimeter dan agak ___________. Dia berkulit sawo matang dengan rambut lurus ___________ dan pendek. Ia memakai kemeja lengan pendek ber-warna hijau dan ___________ berwana hitam. Saya minta tolong kepada Bapak-Bapak dan Ibu-Ibu kalau melihat orang ini, segera ___________ kami di nomor dua empat lima tujuh dua tujuh delapan. Terima kasih.
Latihan 6—Rangkai Kata
Urutkan kata-kata di bawah ini menjadi kalimat yang benar sesuai dengan arti:
1. “That woman is very thin and tall.”
Wanita—dan—sangat—kurus—itu—tinggi. 2. “Mrs. Sukma’s daughter has reddish hair.”
Anak—rambutnya—Ibu Sukma—perempuan—kemerah-merahan. 3. “My mom is wearing a light yellow t-shirt.”
Ibu—kaos—kuning—berwarna—saya—memakai—muda. 4. “That old house has a green roof.”
Rumah—atapnya—berwarna—itu—tua—hijau. 5. “She likes stylish clothes in grey.”
Dia—pakaian-pakaian—keren—suka—berwarna—abu-abu.
Latihan 7—Menjodohkan: Kosa Kata
Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.
penjahat to steal
kemerah-merahan blueish
mencuri a criminal
kebiru-biruan yellowish
kulit grey
kekuning-kuningan blackish
lurus fat
kehitam-hitaman reddish
gemuk straight
abu-abu skin
Latihan 8—Teka Teki Silang (TTS)
Mendatar: 2. skin 4. long 6. green 7. fat 11. tall 12. stylish 13. to steal Menurun: 1. short 2. yellow 3. thin 4. a criminal 5. blue 8. to wear 9. colour 10. straight
Penyakit dan Gejalanya
Aims
• To introduce the terms for various common illnesses, and to review the names for parts of the body.
• To practise talking about minor illnesses.
Vocabulary Review
Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous les-sons. Make sure that you remember their meanings.
barangkali perhaps, maybe memang indeed
bermain to play mudah-mudahan hopefully
beristirahat to take a rest mungkin maybe, probably
dada chest obat medicine
demam fever penyakit sickness, illness
dibawa to be taken to perut belly, abdomen
dikatakan to be said sebenarnya actually
disuruh to be ordered to do something sebungkus a packet of
hari ini today sembuh cured, recovered
jangan don’t telinga ears
jelas clear teman a friend
kali times terasa to feel
mana where, which tertawa to laugh
The Many Uses of
Sakit
Penyakit. The word for ‘illness’ and ‘disease’ is penyakit derived from the root word sakit. Penyakit seperti malaria, dan demam berdarah sangat umum di daerah tropis. Diseases such as malaria and dengue fever are very common in tropical regions.
Sakit. This multi-purpose word can be used in a variety of ways to talk about illness and pain. Putting aside some exceptions, basically sakit is used in three ways:
1) Sakit can be used to mean mean “ill” or “sick” in the general sense. Saya sakit.
I’m ill.
Hari ini dia tidak masuk. Dia sakit. She’s not coming in today. She’s sick.
Bapak Mahmud jatuh sakit. Mr Mahmud has fallen ill.
2) Sakit can be used to express the English phrase “to have (a sore/painful…)” or “to be suf-fering from…”, or “to be ill with…”. In this guisesakit looks like an intransitive verb fol-lowed by a noun complement, the same as, say,bermain in phrases likebermain tenis or bermain piano.
Saya sakit kepala. I have a headache.
Dia sakit perut.
She has a stomachache / She has an upset stomach.
Jangan tertawa. Dia sakit gigi. Don’t laugh. He’s got toothache. Dia sakit mata.
She has got a sore eye / eye disease.
Anda sakit apa?
What illness are you suffering from?
Interestingly,sakit can refer not only to one’s physical condition, but also to emotional and mental states.
Dia sakit hati.
She is offended. (literally “She is sick in the liver.”) Dia sakit jiwa.
He is mentally disturbed. (literally “He is sick in the soul.”)
3) Sakit often also renders the English “to hurt” (intransitive), or “to feel sore”. Leher saya sakit.
My neck is sore.
Tangannya sakit. Her arm hurts.
Aduh, kaki saya sakit sekali. Ow, my feet are killing me.
Apa yang sakit? What is hurting?
Mana yang sakit? Where does it hurt?
Telinga kanan saya sakit sekali. My right ear is hurting badly.
Minta Perhatian!!
So you can say, for example: Leher saya terasa sakit.
My neck is sore.
Tangannya terasa sakit. Her arm is hurting.
You can not usemerasa to talk about what you are feeling in your limbs/organs. So you cannot say, for example, *Leher saya merasa sakit or *Tangannya merasa sakit
KENA
Another important word when it comes to diseases iskena which means ‘to be adversely af-fected by something’ or ‘to be struck by something’.
Dia kena AIDS. He’s got AIDS.
Dia kena kanker. She has cancer.
Dia kena penyakit hati.
He suffers from a liver disease. GEJALA – Symptoms
In Indonesian you cannot say “he is bleeding” as the word for bleeding (berdarah,from darah ‘blood’) can only be used for body parts:
Kakinya berdarah. Her foot is bleeding.
Hidungnya berdarah. Her nose is bleeding. Kulitnya gatal.
Her skin itches.
Ichwan sudah tiga hari demam.
Ichwan has had fever for three days.
The following substitution tables will help you turn the information presented above into sen-tences that can be used to ask and answer questions in conversation. Practise asking and an-swering questions about illness and pain by generating sentences from the tables.
Pak
Apa kabar, Bu?
Sarah
saya kira
Aduh, sebenarnya saya sakit.
barangkali
anak Ibu
Bagaimana Bapak Santosa ?
mata.
kepala.
Saya sakit telinga.
Dia perut.
gigi.
leher.
AIDS.
kanker.
panas
Mana yang sakit?
Mata
Tangan
Bahu
Kaki
Mulut saya yang sakit.
Telinga
Kemaluan
Perut
Dada
Jari tangan
Jari kaki
Mata
Tangan kanan -nya
Bahu kiri saya yang sakit (sekali).
Kaki
Telinga
Dialogue
Bu Ria Pak Sentosa Pak Santosa! Apa kabar, Pak? Baik-baik saja, Bu.
Saya dengar anak Bapak sakit. Sakit apa dia, Pak?
Tidak jelas. Dia sakit kepala dan sakit perut. Tidak mau makan, dan tidak bisa tidur. Badannya juga panas.
Aduh kasihan. Sudah dibawa ke dokter? Sudah. Sudah dua kali.
Menurut dokter bagaimana? Kata dokter, barangkali dia sakit perut karena minum air yang kotor.
O begitu. Lalu, apakah dia sudah diberi obat?
Sudah. Dia disuruh minum Konidex dan beristirahat di rumah.
Mudah-mudahan dia cepat sembuh. Terima kasih, Bu. Yah, mudah-mudahan saja.
Exercise 102-01
Fill in the blank spaces with an appropriate word (or with, at the most, two or three
appropriate words) so that the sentence is grammatically correct and makes good sense in the context of the dialogue as a whole.
Katanya Bapak sakit. Sakit apa?
Saya sakit ____________________ Kasihan. Sudah berapa lama?
Sudah dua ____________________ Sudah ke dokter?
Sudah. Sudah ____________________ kali. Apa yang dikatakan oleh dokter?
Menurut dokter saya tidak boleh ____________________. Mana yang sakit?
____________________ dan __________________ saya sakit sekali. Waduh! Mengapa, ya?
Lalu, Bapak disuruh minum obat apa?
Saya disuruh minum ____________________ O begitu. Bapak beli di mana?
Saya beli di ____________________
Katanya, obat itu cukup mahal. Berapa harganya?
Harganya ____________________ ribu rupiah sebungkus.
Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu
Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.
bermain don’t perut disease
dikatakan maybe, probably sebungkus to laugh
hari ini a medicine telinga a packet of
jangan to be said tertawa a stomach
kali times mana ears
mungkin to play penyakit where, which
obat today
Latihan 2—Menjodohkan
Jodohkan kalimat di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.
Saya sakit. What illness is your brother suffering
from?
Dia sakit perut setelah makan bakso. Who has a headache?
Kakak kamu sakit apa? What is hurting?
Siapa yang sakit kepala? She has a stomachache after eating meatballs.
Aduh, bapak itu kena penyakit hati! He has cancer.
Apa yang sakit? I am ill.
Dia kena sakit kanker. Ouch, my hands really hurt!
Latihan 3— Isian
Listen to Sound File 102-01 and complete the following dialogue. Choose between apa—barangkali—beristirahat—disuruh—kasihan—mudah-mudahan—obat—panas— perut-sakit—sembuh
Bu Ria Pak Sentosa
Pak Santosa! Apa kabar, Pak? Baik-baik saja, Bu. Saya dengar anak Bapak _________.
Sakit _________ dia, Pak?
Tidak jelas. Dia sakit kepala dan sakit _________. Tidak mau makan, dan tidak bisa tidur. Badannya juga _________. Aduh _________. Sudah dibawa ke
dokter?
Sudah. Sudah dua kali.
Menurut dokter bagaimana? Kata dokter, _________ dia sakit perut karena minum air yang kotor.
O begitu. Lalu, apakah dia sudah diberi _________?
Sudah. Dia _________ minum Konidex dan _________ di rumah.
Mudah-mudahan dia cepat sembuh. Terima kasih, Bu. Yah, _________ saja.
Latihan 4—Terjemahan
This is the dialogue translated into English. Can you translate it back into Indonesian? You may have to listen several times to Sound File 102-01. Try to memorise the dialogue as good as you can.
Bu Ria Pak Sentosa
Mr. Sentosa! How are you? I am fine.
I heard your daughter is sick. What kind of illness is it?
It’s not quite clear. She has head and tummy ache, and can’t sleep. She has no appetite and can’t sleep. She’s also high temperature.
Poor thing. Did you take her to a physician?
Yes. Twice.
And, what does he say? He said she may have an upset stomach probably because she consumed
polluted water.
I see. Did he give her medicine? Yes. He told her to take Konidex and take rest.
Latihan 5—Mengurutkan
Urutkan kalimat-kalimat ini menjadi percakapan yang baik.
No. Kalimat Urutan
1. Katanya Bapak sakit. Sakit apa? 1
2. Saya sakit kepala. 2
3. Sudah ke dokter?
4. Apa yang dikatakan oleh dokter? 5. Lalu, Bapak disuruh minum obat apa? 6. Kasihan. Sudah berapa lama?
7. Saya disuruh minum Konidex. 8. Sudah dua minggu.
9. Saya beli di toko obat dekat rumah saya. 10. Sudah. Sudah tiga kali.
11. O begitu. Bapak beli di mana?
12. Menurut dokter saya tidak boleh terlalu banyak membaca. 13. Katanya, obat itu cukup mahal. Berapa harganya?
14. Harganya tiga puluh ribu rupiah sebungkus.
Latihan 6—Isian
Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat: begitu—bekerja—disuruh—dua— hari—kepala—lima puluh—mata—membaca—toko obat
Katanya Bapak sakit. Sakit apa? Saya sakit _____________.
Kasihan. Sudah berapa lama? Sudah dua _____________
Sudah ke dokter?
Apa yang dikatakan oleh dokter?
Menurut dokter saya tidak boleh _____________. Mana yang sakit?
Kepala dan _____________ saya sakit sekali.
Waduh! Mengapa, ya?
Mungkin karena saya terlalu banyak _____________
Lalu, Bapak _____________ minum obat apa? Saya disuruh minum _____________
O _____________. Bapak beli di mana?
Saya beli di _____________
Katanya, obat itu cukup mahal. Berapa harganya? Harganya _____________ ribu rupiah sebungkus.
Latihan 7—Rangkai Kata
Urutkan kata-kata di bawah ini menjadi kalimat yang benar sesuai dengan arti:
1. “Her skin itches because she bathes in dirty water.” Kulitnya—karena—mandi—di—gatal—dia—air kotor. 2. “My right ear hurts very badly.”
Telinga—kanan—saya—sakit—sekali. 3. “Andina’s sister has had fever for a week.”
Adik—seminggu—sudah—Andina—demam. 4. “He suffers from avian flu.”
Dia—flu—penyakit—kena—burung.
5. “My neck, hand, and legs hurt.”
Latihan 8—Teka Teki Silang (TTS)
Mendatar:
4. a disease
6. itchy
7. the liver
9. to bleed
11. recovered from illness 13. clear
14. ouch
18. where, which 19. medicine 20. the nose 21. the ears, an ear 22. actually
Menurun:
1. fever
2. to be told to, be ordered to
3. the skin
5. eyes
8. a cancer
10. to be felt 12. sick, ill 15. leg, foot 16. a physician
Nasihat untuk Orang Sakit
Aims
• To give more practice talking about pains and illness, especially giving advice about them.
Vocabulary Review
Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous les-sons. Make sure that you remember their meanings.
beristirahat to take a rest masuk angin to catch a cold bingung to be confused merokok to smoke capai tired, exhausted minuman keras liquor
cuaca weather nenek grandmother
daging meat obat medicine
demam fever rumah sakit hospital
gula sugar sebaiknya it would be better kesehatan health selama for (length of time) larut malam late at night sungai a river
lebih baik it is better terus continuously lebih banyak more (of quantity)
Giving Advice and Making Suggestions Using Supaya
You have already practised how to offer advice usingsebaiknya andlebih baik as well as se-baiknya jangan andlebih baik jangan. Go back to Lesson 56 in Module 4 and review the informa-tion, model sentences and exercises relating to these expressions.
In Module 4 you used these expressions to offer advice about what to do and what not to do when travelling in Indonesia. They can also be used to offer advice about health. Study these examples. Listen to Sound File 103-01.
Sebaiknya Anda makan lebih banyak daging. You should eat more meat.
Saya kira sebaiknya Anda minum jamu setiap hari. I think you should drink jamu every day.
Menurut pendapat saya sebaiknya Anda jangan keluar pada waktu cuaca dingin. In my opinion you shouldn’t go out when the weather is cold.
Saya kira sebaiknya Anda jangan terlalu banyak makan makanan yang mengandung gula.
I don’t think you should eat too much sugary food.
To this armoury you can add some expressions usingsupaya. Supaya appears after certain verbs that ask (e.g.minta) , recommend (e.g.menyarankan) , suggest (e.g.mengusulkan) , advise (e.g.menasihatkan) or express a wish (e.g.ingin) .Supaya, likebahwa, introduces a clause that tells you what these verbs relate to.Supaya is often like the English conjunction “that” in sen-tences like “I ask that you all remain calm.”, “The committee recommended that the bridge not be built.” and “I suggest that you take her advice.” In most contexts,supaya implies an intention, ex-pectation or hope that a certain end will be reached. Study these examples. Listen to Sound File 103-02.
Saya minta supaya Anda minum obat ini tiga kali sehari. I would like you to take this medicine three times a day. Saya minta supaya Bapak jangan bermain tenis lagi. I would like you to give up playing tenis.
Saya mengusulkan supaya Ibu makan lebih banyak buah. I suggest that you eat more fruit.
Saya mengusulkan supaya anak Ibu jangan diizinkan bermain di sungai. I suggest that you don’t allow your son to play in the river.
Saya menyarankan supaya luka itu segera diobati. I recommend that that wound be treated right away. Saya menyarankan supaya Ibu segera masuk rumah sakit. I recommend that you go into hospital right away.
Saya menyarankan supaya Bapak jangan masuk kantor dulu. I recommend that you don’t go to work for the time being.
Exercise 103-01
Each of the phrases below is the last part of a sentence offering advice to (or about) someone who is sick. Write out a complete sentence, creating a beginning for each one by drawing on the resources in the substitution table above, and any other idioms you have studied for giving ad-vice. Make sure that the “beginnings” you create are all different. Note that some of the sentences won’t make sense unless you use jangan. Study the model first before starting the exercise.
Cue:…. makan dulu.
You write (for example): Saya kira sebaiknya Ibu jangan makan dulu. 1. ... beristirahat di rumah selama satu minggu.
2. ... segera masuk rumah sakit untuk dioperasi. 3. ... terlalu banyak minum minuman keras. 4. ... minta nasihat pada dokter mata. 5. ... belajar sampai larut malam.
8. ... berobat ke dokter Tamtomo. 9. ... membeli buku kesehatan.
10. ... segera dioperasi di Rumah Sakit Ciptomangunkusumo.
Substitution Table
Expressions usingsupaya can be summed up in tabular form as follows. Practise generating sentences from this table, adding phrases at the end to complete each sentence.
dioperasi…
minta nasihat pada… beristirahat selama… minum…
makan… masuk… kamu berobat ke… anak Ibu diberi…
minta Nyonya membeli…
Saya mengusulkan supaya Ibu ---menyarankan Bapak jangan (terlalu banyak) makan…
dia (terlalu banyak) minum… Anda bekerja…
bermain… belajar… merokok.
Exercise 103-02
Imagine that you are a physician. What advice would you give in response to each of these questions from worried patients? WriteTWO complete sentences in answer to each question. Use the exercises, substitution tables and model sentences above to help you frame correct, sensible advice. At least one of the two sentences (possibly both) should begin with a phrase like the ones given below. It may, or may not, be necessary to usejangan, depending on the nature of the advice that you give.
Saya kira sebaiknya… (jangan)
Menurut pendapat saya sebaiknya… (jangan) Saya minta supaya… (jangan)
Saya mengusulkan supaya… (jangan) Saya menyarankan supaya… (jangan)
Dan…
Di samping itu,… Tetapi…
Juga…
Study this example first.
Cue: Ibu dokter, kaki saya terasa sakit sekali. You write (for example):
(a) Hmmm. Sebaiknya Anda jangan berjalan kaki ke kantor dulu.
(b) Dan saya mengusulkan supaya Anda membeli sepatu yang lebih besar. Listen to Sound File 103-03.
1. Pak Dokter, dari pagi sampai malam saya batuk-batuk terus.
2. Dok, saya sering sekali sakit perut. Apa yang sebaiknya saya lakukan? 3. Ibu Dokter, anak saya tidak mau makan dan tidak bisa tidur.
4. Mata saya sakit, dan saya sering sakit kepala.
5. Pak Dokter, nenek saya sudah tua sekali. Dia tidak bisa berjalan dengan baik. 6. Dokter, saya cepat sekali menjadi capai. Apa yang sebaiknya saya lakukan? 7. Kemarin saya jatuh. Kaki saya terluka dan sakit sekali.
8. Tadi malam anak kami demam. Badannya panas sekali. Saya bingung. Apa yang sebaiknya saya lakukan?
9. Ibu Dokter, akhir-akhir ini saya sering sekali masuk angin. Apa yang perlu saya lakukan? 10. Kalau saya duduk lama punggung saya menjadi sakit.
Role Play: Telling an Unlikely Story
This role play takes the form of a conversation between two close friends in which the health of one is discussed. One friend can begin the conversation either by complaining that he/she feels ill or is in pain, or by bluntly observing that their friend looks ill or is in pain. This starting point is fol-lowed by a demand for a reason or explanation, usingmengapa (why?) or apa yang terjadi (what happened?). These questions are the trigger for a wild / unusual / unlikely / pathetic reason or ex-planation why one of the pair has become ill or is in pain.
There are many resources in this lesson and in preceding ones that you can use to make the role play come to life. Review them carefully. Use your imagination to come up with an interesting scenarioBUT make sure that you tailor your explanation to the words and grammar you have studied so far. (If your scenario demands words and grammar that you havenot yet studied, it will
not “fly”. You will keep stopping, stumbling and pausing, and the conversation will die. Or worse still, you will break into English. This is not a good way to develop fluency in a foreign language.
So be realistic. Make the language youalready know work doubly hard to give form to your fantasy.) Here are the two possible starting points (note that an English translation is displayed on mouse-over).
1. Complaining of illness or pain.
Aduh, gigi saya sakit sekali.
At this stage, you should do Latihan 2 to review the parts of the body. 2. Observing that your friend looks ill or is in pain.
Wah. Kenapa? Apa yang terjadi?
Waduh! Kamu sakit, rupanya. Kenapa? Apa yang terjadi? Waduh, kepalamu sakit rupanya. Kenapa? Apa yang terjadi? Your friend then may reply:
Memang. Punggung saya sakit sekali. Saya tidak bisa tidur tadi malam. There are many explanations that might follow. They might begin, for example…
Tadi malam saya pergi ke bar dengan Toni. Toni suka minum.
Tadi pagi saya naik sepeda motor ke kampus. Rupanya saya terlalu cepat. Tadi malam saya bertemu dengan Susan. Aduh, Susan cantik sekali! Tadi siang guru bahasa Indonesia marah sekali dengan saya!
The listener should interrupt frequently with questions, comments and advice, maybe even a bit of sympathy (using Kasihan!).
Minta Perhatian Sebentar
Notice that, when two people are close friends, they will probably address each other with the second person pronounkamu. Kamu is sometimes misused by for-eign learners of Indonesian, as if it were the equivalent of the English “you” and can be used to address all and sundry. It cannot.
Kamu is used in three main ways.(1) It is used between two people of roughly similar age who are on very intimate terms with each other.(2) It is used by an adult or a parent to address a child, son or daughter (but may not be used by the child to talk back to the adult).(3) It is also sometimes used by adults to express disdain, or to “talk down” to another adult.
By the way, whenkamu is used as a possessive pronoun (“your”) it is usually abbreviated to -mu and tacked on to a noun as a suffix.
rumahmu your house
also: rumah kamu your house
orang tuamu your parents
Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu
Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.
beristirahat weather nenek medicine bingung to take a rest obat apparently capai fever rumah sakit on and on
cuaca alcoholic drinks rupanya for (length of time) daging to smoke sebaiknya a river
demam to be confused selama grandmother lebih baik tired, exhausted sungai it would be better merokok it is better terus hospital
minuman keras meat
Latihan 2—Kosa Kata: Bagian Tubuh
Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.
kepala nose leher legs, feet
mata throat punggung stomach
telinga eyes tangan chest
mulut head jari arms, hands
gigi mouth perut neck
tenggorokan ears dada back
hidung teeth kaki fingers, toes
kepala nose
Latihan 3—Menjodohkan
Jodohkan kalimat-kalimat di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.
Saya kira sebaiknya Anda minum jamu setiap hari.
I suggest that you eat more fruit.
Sebaiknya Anda makan lebih banyak daging. I would like you to take this medicine three times a day.
Saya mengusulkan supaya Ibu makan lebih banyak buah.
I recommend that the wound be treated right away.
Saya minta supaya Anda minum obat ini tiga kali sehari.
Saya menyarankan supaya Bapak jangan masuk kantor dulu.
I recommend that you don’t go to work for the time being.
Saya menyarankan supaya luka itu segera diobati.
You should eat more meat.
Latihan 4—Rangkai Kata
Urutkan kata-kata di bawah ini menjadi kalimat yang benar sesuai dengan arti:
1. “I recommend that you go to hospital right away.”
Saya—masuk—segera—supaya—Ibu—menyarankan—rumah sakit.
2. “I suggest that you don’t allow your son to play in the river.”
Saya—bermain—anak Ibu—jangan—mengusulkan—supaya—diizinkan—di sungai.
3. “I would like you to give up playing tennis.”
Saya—minta—tenis—supaya—Bapak—bermain—jangan—lagi.
4. “You should not watch too much television.”
Sebaiknya—terlalu—Anda—banyak—jangan—menonton—televisi.
5. “In my opinion, you shouldn’t go out today.”
Menurut—jangan—keluar—sebaiknya—Anda—saya,—pendapat—hari ini.
Latihan 5—Memberi Nasihat
Pilihlah nasihat yang benar.
1. Ibu dokter, kaki saya terasa sakit sekali.
A. Saya menyarankan supaya Ibu beli obat batuk Risofen di apotek.
B. Sebaiknya Ibu membeli obat Parasetamol. Biasanya demam cepat turun. C. Sebaiknya Anda jangan berjalan kaki ke kantor dulu.
D. Mungkin Ibu ada alergi. Saya menyarankan agar Ibu minum obat antihistamin. 2. Pak dokter, dari pagi sampai malam saya batuk-batuk terus.
A. Saya menyarankan agar Ibu minum obat supaya demamnya turun. B. Jangan minum yang manis-manis.
C. Sebaiknya jangan makan yang pedas-pedas.
D. Saya menyarankan supaya Ibu beli obat batuk Risofen di apotek. 3. Dok, saya sering sekali sakit perut. Apa yang sebaiknya saya lakukan?
A. Sebaiknya Anda beristirahat selama dua hari. Anda harus banyak tidur. B. Sebaiknya jangan makan yang pedas-pedas.
4. Mata saya sakit, dan saya sering sakit kepala.
A. Mungkin Ibu ada alergi. Saya menyarankan agar Ibu minum obat antihistamin. B. Sebaiknya Ibu jangan minum alkohol dulu.
C. Saya menyarankan supaya Ibu berhenti merokok. D. Jangan makan yang pedas-pedas selama lima hari.
5. Dokter, saya cepat sekali menjadi capai. Apa yang sebaiknya saya lakukan? A. Saya mengusulkan supaya Anda banyak berolahraga.
B. Sebaiknya Anda beristirahat selama dua hari. Makan yang sehat-sehat dan banyak ti-dur.
C. Sebaiknya Anda minum obat batuk.
D. Saya menyarankan agar Anda jangan belajar dulu. 6. Tadi saya jatuh. Kepala saya terluka dan terasa sakit.
A. Sebaiknya kamu berobat ke rumah sakit.
B. Saya menyarankan supaya kamu beristirahat selama seminggu. C. Tidak apa-apa. Kamu tidak perlu melakukan apa-apa.
D. Saya kira sebaiknya kamu jangan terlalu banyak makan makanan yang mengandung gula
7. Tadi malam anak kami demam. Badannya panas sekali. Saya bingung. Apa yang sebaik-nya saya lakukan?
A. Saya mengusulkan supaya Ibu membeli obat Parasetamol. Biasanya demam cepat turun.
B. Sebaiknya anak Ibu minum minuman yang panas.
C. Penurut pendapat saya lebih baik kalau Ibu membeli obat batuk. D. Saya kira lebih baik kalau anak Ibu jangan makan dan minum dulu.
Latihan 6—Isian
Fill in the blanks with the closest Indonesian meaning.
Percakapan Agus dengan ibunya
Gus, it's late already. You better come in. You may catch a cold. Lately you have been coughing a lot.
Gus, sudah malam ini. Lebih baik kalau kamu masuk. Nanti kamu __________. __________ ini kamu sering batuk-batuk.
Yes, mom. Tomorrow I am going to con-sult a doctor. I get tired easily. My throat is also sore.
Ya, Bu. Besok saya mau __________ ke dokter. Saya memang sering capai. __________ saya juga sakit sedikit.
Yes, you better watch your health. Ya, kamu harus menjaga __________ mu.
Yes, mom. It has been a week I haven't had a smoke or an alcoholic drink. Mom, can I have a cup of tea with just a little
Ya, Bu. Sudah selama satu minggu saya tidak merokok dan tidak minum minuman
sugar? __________ sedikit saja, ya, Bu.
I'll make you one. If you see the doctor don't forget to get the wound on your leg treated. I'm afraid it may leave a scar.
Nanti Ibu bikin. Kalau ke dokter jangan lupa supaya luka di kakimu __________. Ibu __________ nanti ada bekas lukanya.
Yes, mom. Ya,Bu.
Latihan 7—Teka Teki Silang (TTS)
Mendatar: 1. fever 3. a cough 4. wounded
6. so that, in order that 8. to advise
10. throat 11. health 13. sick, ill 14. to eat
15. to recommend
Menurun:
1. to be treated 2. to smoke
Percakapan antara Pasien dan Dokter
Aims
• To practise how to give orders and make prohibitions.
Vocabulary Review
Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous les-sons. Make sure that you remember their meanings.
agak rather marah angry
mengambil to take masalah a problem, an issue
anggur grape, wine meminjam to borrow
mengangkat to raise, to lift mengeluarkan to pull out
bangun to wake up mengucapkan to utter something
berangkat to depart minyak oil
bilang to say (coll.) miskin poor
capai tired Nyonya Mrs.
berdiri to stand panas hot
demam fever pedas spicy
dengarkan to listen to pernah ever
diseterika to be ironed pokoknya the bottom line is
gaji salary punggung a back
menggosok to rub rok a skirt
hal a matter, thing sebentar wait a minute
jendela window sebetulnya actually
kawin to get/be married sehat healthy
kelihatan to look as if supaya so that, in order to
kurus slim tenggorokan throat
lidah tongue tidak usah don't have to
Giving Orders
At various stages in the course so far you have met words and phrases that can be used to convey instructions to someone. They have all involved the use of auxiliary verbs. For example, you can use harus and perlu.
Ini harus diseterika sekarang juga.
This has got be ironed right now.
Menurut dokter kamu harus minum obat ini tiga kali sehari.
The doctor says you’ve got to take this medicine three times a day.
Sebelum Anda berangkat ada beberapa hal yang perlu Anda lakukan dulu. Before you leave there are several things you need to do first.
Negative commands (or prohibitions) can be made withtidak perlu,tidak usah andtidak boleh (but never *tidak harus).
Badanmu panas sekali. Kamu tidak usah masuk hari ini.
You’re really hot. Don’t bother to go to the office today.
Saya kira yang ini tidak perlu Anda pakai.
I don’t think you need to use this one.
Kamu tidak boleh makan permen dan coklat. Jelas?
You’re not allowed to eat lollies and chocolate. It that clear?
In addition to using auxiliary verbs like this to convey instructions you can also use the main verbs themselves. You will recall that back in Module 5 a distinction was described between in-transitive and in-transitive verbs. Inin-transitive verbs are verbs like pergi, bangun, tidur, berjalan, me-nyanyi etc. These verbs don’t have an object and they never change their form (except if you are speaking informally when you can often drop the ber- orme- prefix). You can use intransitive verbs just as they are to give blunt orders.
Pergi!
Get out of here!
Bangun!
Kamu bilang kamu bisa menyanyi. Baik. Nyanyi!
You said you can sing. Okay then. Sing!
Istirahat dulu! Take a rest first.
Beli dua!
Buy two!
Dingin! Tutup jendela itu!
It’s cold. Shut that window.
Perhatikan papan tulis!
Look at the blackboard!
Dengarkan baik-baik!
Listen carefully!
Minum obat ini, sekarang!
Take this medicine, now!
Ambil rok saya yang di lemari!
Go and fetch my dress, the one that’s in the cupboard!
Buka sepatu!
Take off your shoes!
To issue a prohibition (that is, a “negative command” saying, in effect, “Don’t ...”) jangan is placed in front of the verb. With intransitive verbs, this works fine.
Jangan pergi!
Don’t go!
Jangan tidur dulu! Masih sore.
Don’t go to bed yet. It’s not late!
Jangan berjalan kaki! Lebih baik naik bis.
Don’t go on foot. You’d be better advised to go by bus.
Jangan tunggu! Saya nanti agak lama barangkali.
Don’t wait! I’m likely to be some time.
Jangan berbelanja di toko itu. Mahal!
Don’t shop in that store. It’s expensive!
Jangan! Jangan!
Don’t! Don’t!
But when we usejangan in front of a transitive verb, the verb can assume a variety of forms. In particular it can assume an active voice form with ameN- prefix (especially if you are talking about general issues and principles, rather than specific instances), and it can assume a passive voice form with adi- prefix (especially if you are talking about a specific thing that has already been mentioned).
Jangan beli anggur Prancis!
Don’t buy French wine.
Jangan dibuka!
Don’t open it!
Jangan pinjam uang!
Don’t borrow money!
Itu baju saya. Jangan dibawa!
That’s my dress. Don't take it!
Jangan buat masalah!
Makalah itu jangan ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris.
Don’t write the essay in English.
Jangan ingkar janji!
Don’t make empty promises!
Buku ini jangan dikembalikan dulu ke perpustakaan.
Don’t return this book to the library for the moment.
The Particle
-lah
The particle-lah is quite often attached as a suffix to commands and prohibi-tions. It doesn't have an easily describable meaning. Basically it adds polite em-phasis. But it seems to have a variety of effects depending on context. For ex-ample, while it can make a command or prohibition more imperious and emphatic, in other contexts it can also ameliorate a command, making it sound pleading, or more polite, or less brusque.
Lah is especially commonly attached to intransitive verbs when they are used in commands. Thus Kamu bilang kamu bisa menyanyi. Baik. Nyanyilah!
Exercise 104-01
Minyak angin is a kind of all-purpose patent medicine widely used throughout Indonesia. It takes the form of an oil (minyak) with a very strong liniment-like smell that is dabbed in small quantities on to the skin, especially on the neck, under the nose and behind the ears, and rubbed in. As its name suggests,minyak angin helps protect you from the effects ofangin, especially the badangin that can get inside you and cause you to feel ill (masuk angin). So it is often used at night as protection against unhealthy “night airs”, and by travellers in buses, cars and trains for protection against unhealthy draughts and blasts of wind.
“1001”
MINYAK ANGIN
MINYAK ANGIN
MINYAK ANGIN
MINYAK ANGIN
MINYAK ANGIN
MINYAK ANGIN
MINYAK ANGIN
MINYAK ANGIN
MINYAK ANGIN
SARI MINYAK ANGIN “1001”
Sari Minyak Angin “1001” adalah sejenis obat gosok yang dipakai untuk meringan-kan bermacam-macam penyakit yang ter-dapat di daerah berhawa panas.
Maka perlu disimpan di setiap rumah tangga sebagai kebutuhan keluarga. Juga bermanfaat disediakan selama dalam per-jalanan.
Boleh digunakan untuk laki-laki dan wani-ta baik tua, muda, dan anak-anak.
SARI MINYAK ANGIN “1001”
Terutama dapat meringankan penyakit--penyakit tersebut di bawah:
• SAKIT KEPALA, MABUK DA-LAM PERJALANAN, PILEK dsb.
Gosoklah Sari Minyak Angin “1001” di hidung dan kepala/dahi.
• SAKIT PERUT, SAKIT PING-GANG, SAKIT GIGI, ENCOK, REMATIK, PEGAL, MASUK ANGIN, dsb.
Gosoklah berulang kali Sari Mi-nyak Angin “1001” di bagian yang sakit itu.
• Jika berada di tempat-tempat yang ramai seperti di gedung-ge-dung bioskop, di dalam upacara-upacara dan lain-lainnya yang berhawa panas dan menimbul-kan sesak, tetesmenimbul-kan Sari Minyak Angin “1001” di tangan atau go-soklah di hidung maka terhindar dari hawa yang tidak baik dan perasaan badan akan nyaman.
Peringatan: Tidak boleh diminum
P.T. International Chemical Industrial Co. Ltd.
Jakarta –Indonesia Reg. Dep. Kes. R.I. No. D 2016413
1. yang dipakai untuk
2. bermacam-macam penyakit 3. perlu disimpan di setiap
ru-mah tangga
9. gosoklah di hidung
Doctor and Patient in Conversation: Some Useful Idioms
To help you talk more confidently about illness and health, here is a review of ten relevant phrases and patterns that have appeared previously in one context or another. With some tweak-ing and plenty of repetition, they will make a big contribution to the resources you can call on. Practise generating sentences from the sentence shells. Add items to columns where you can, and finish off the sentences where they are incomplete. Try also to visualise the situation in which the sentences might be used.
Sudah pernah…? “Have you ever…?”Anda masuk rumah sakit
Bapak minum obat _________
Apakah Ibu sudah pernah sakit perut ?
Nyonya sakit punggung
kamu dioperasi
Sudah. Belum.
…sakit… to be suffering from (a sickness), to “have” (a sickness/pain)Ibu
Bapak sakit apa?
Anda
gigi muntah-muntah.
punggung sering batuk-batuk.
Saya sakit perut dan kadang-kadang pusing.
kepala selalu capai.
mata mudah marah-marah.
Sudah berapa lama…? “How long has it been…?”(a) Sudah berapa lama Anda… (“How long have you ...?”)
sakit tenggorokan
kawin
Bapak bekerja di…
Sudah berapa lama Ibu merasa sakit ?
Anda sakit perut
tidak bisa tidur
(b) Sudah berapa lama Anda tidak... (“How long is it since you last...”)
ingin makan
minum obat
Bapak merasa sehat
Sudah berapa lama Ibu tidak masuk kantor ?
Anda ikut kuliah
berolahraga
keluar rumah
Observe carefully how sejak and baru are used in the following answers to the above questions.
beberapa tahun.
dua bulan.
Sudah tiga hari.
empat minggu.
Sudah lama.
---minggu
Sejak bulan yang lalu.
hari Rabu
beberapa jam.
dua bulan.
Baru tiga hari.
empat minggu.
Belum lama.
---minggu
Baru sejak bulan yang lalu.
hari Rabu
Anda kelihatan… “You look…”sakit.
Bapak sehat.
Ibu kelihatan gemuk.
Anda capai.
kurus.
Ya, memang saya…
Ah, sebetulnya tidak.
Coba… “Please, would you be good enough to…”Coba appears at the beginning of a sentence or clause in which someone is directly instructed to do something, or try to do something. Prefacing a command withcoba makes it seem a little less abrupt, so it often coincides with the English “please” as in “Please would you…”
buka mulut.
minum ini.
Coba berdiri.
jalan ke sana.
keluarkan lidah.
Kelihatannya “It seems to me that…” “It looks as if…”Kelihatannya prefaces a statement in which the speaker reports an impression he/she has gained.
bekerja.
Bapak terlalu banyak minum minuman keras.
Kelihatannya Ibu
---Anda kurang tidur.
makan.
Soalnya “You see, the thing is…” “The difficulty/problem for me is…”Soalnya prefaces a statement in which the speaker raises a problem or indicates an obstacle. In colloquial speech it is used as a general replacement for karena.
miskin sekali.
orang tua saya harus bekerja.
Soalnya, saya sering sakit.
suami saya tidak punya mobil.
…sehingga… “…so consequently…” / “…so as a result…”Gaji saya kecil
Bu. Ibu saya sudah tua sekali saya tidak bisa…
Begini Pak. Anak kami harus bersekolah sehingga saya harus…
Ibu Dokter. Saya harus masuk kuliah saya tidak mau…
Rumah kami kecil
Saya minta supaya ... “I would like (you) to ...”beristirahat dulu selama…
Bapak minum obat ini.
Saya minta supaya Ibu
---Anda jangan makan daging.
bekerja selama…
Saya mengusulkan supaya ... “I suggest that ...”berobat ke dokter…
Bapak membeli obat…
Ibu makan lebih banyak…
Saya mengusulkan supaya Anda
---Nyonya berobat ke…
Tuan jangan minum obat…
makan ______ dulu.
Exercise 104-02
Translate the following sentences into good Indonesian. Refer to the sentence shells and substitution tables above for models to help you with the translations.
1. I suggest that you don’t eat sweet food.
2. How long have you had an upset stomach?-- Just for the last two days.
3. Walk to the window, please.
4. Have you ever been in hospital?
5. I have a headache and I vomit from time to time.
6. I would like you to rest for the time being.
7. I get the impression that you’ve been drinking too much alcohol.
8. I’ve got to attend lectures, so I can’t help my husband.
9. The problem is that my family is poor. We can’t buy this medicine.
Exercise 104-03
Listen toSound File 104-01, a conversation between anIbu Dokter and apasien. There are twenty instances of imperatives. Underline each one. Some of the imperatives are neg-ative imperneg-atives (prohibitions).
Make sure you mark at least 20 examples. By the way, you won’t find many doctors in Indone -sia as brusquely bossy as the one in this dialogue.
Patient Doctor
Selamat pagi, Ibu dokter. O. Selamat pagi. Masuk. Duduk dulu. Tunggu sebentar, ya.
Terima kasih, Bu. Nah, ada apa? Ibu sakit apa?
Saya sakit tenggorokan barangkali, Bu. Sakit tenggorokan? Hmmm. Buka mulut. Keluarkan lidah. Ucapkan “aaaahhhh”.
Aaaahhhh! Sekarang berdiri. Angkat tangan kanan.
Angkat tangan kiri. Lihat ke atas. Baik, duduk lagi.
Bagaimana, Ibu dokter? Memang tenggorokan Ibu kelihatan merah. Sakit flu, barangkali.
Apa yang sebaiknya saya lakukan? Minum obat ini. Kalau sudah habis, beli obat lagi di apotek.
Apakah saya boleh bekerja? Jangan! Jangan masuk kantor dulu. Dan jangan keluar rumah pada malam hari.
Baik, Bu dokter. Sebaiknya saya makan apa?
Pokoknya, jangan makan makanan yang pedas. Minum banyak air jeruk. O ya, jangan menonton televisi sampai larut malam. Tidur sebelum jam sembilan malam. Dan jangan mandi pada malam hari.
Terima kasih, Ibu dokter. Saya kira sudah cukup. Berapa, Bu?
Lima puluh ribu. Bayar di depan.
Terima kasih, Bu. Permisi.
Check your understanding of this dialogue between a doctor and a patient by doing Latihan 4 and 5. Always consult a good dictionary or the vocabulary list whenever you stumble upon diffi -cult words.
Role Play: Ordering Someone Around
With your tutor/teacher or with a classmate, imagine that you are a grim, humourless, poe-faced doctor with a diffident, eager-to-please, overly respectful patient. Act out the events of the dialogue. You should, of course, vary the order of the doctor’s commands and try to add one or two extra ones of your own. Don’t forget to reconstruct the last part of the dialogue in which the doctor instructs the patient what to do and what not to do in order to get well.
Make sure the role play is lively and humorous. Remember that the more energy you put into devising an entertaining role play, even a short one, the more your Indonesian will benefit.
Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu I
Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.
ambil! raise! demam a window
angkat! listen! agak to be ironed
bangun! wake up! berangkat tired
bayar! take! diseterika salary
gosok! pay! gaji to get/be married
berdiri! stand! capai rather
dengarkan! put out! jendela to depart
keluarkan! rub! kawin fever
Latihan 2—Kosa Kata Lalu II
Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.
kelihatan Mrs. pernah ever
kurus angry punggung wait a minute
lidah to look as if rok a back
marah spicy sebetulnya don’t have to
miskin the tongue sehat a skirt
Nyonya slim, skinny sebentar healthy
panas poor tenggorokan actually
Latihan 3—Menjodohkan
Jodohkan kalimat-kalimat di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.
1. Saya mengusulkan Anda tidak makan makanan manis.
a. How long have you had an upset stomach?
2. Sudah berapa lama Anda sakit perut? b. I have a headache and I vomit from time to time.
3. Jalan ke jendela itu! c. Have you ever been in a hospital?
4. Apa kamu pernah masuk rumah sakit? d. I suggest you don’t eat sweet food.
5. Saya sakit kepala dan terus muntah. e. Walk to that window!
6. Saya mau kamu sekarang beristirahat. f. You look thin and sick. What’s wrong with you?
7. Saya rasa kamu terlalu banyak minum alkohol.
g. I want you to rest for the time being.
8. Saya harus kuliah jadi tidak bisa membantu suami saya.
h. The problem is that my family is poor. We can’t buy this medicine.
9. Soalnya keluarga saya miskin. Kami tidak bisa membeli obat itu.
i. I get the impression that you’ve been drinking too much alcohol.
10. Kamu kelihatan kurus dan sakit. Ada apa?
j. I’ve got to attend lectures, so I can't help my husband.
Latihan 4—Pemahaman
Dengarkan Rekaman 104-02 dan jawab pertanyaan berikut.
1. The patient thinks she suffers from… A. influenza
B. headache C. sore throat
2. What does the physician wants her to do first? A. Say “aaahhh”.
B. Lift the hands up. C. Open her mouth.
3. How does the physician say “Stand up now!”? ...
4. How does the physician say,“Lift your right hand!”? ...
6. The physician says that the patient might suffer from… A. severe headache
B. sore throat C. influenza D. diabetes
7. Where can the patient buy the medicine? A. In a drug store.
B. In a pharmacy.
C. In the nearest convenience store.
8. Can the patient go to work the next day?
A. Yes, she can because the illness is not serious. B. No she cannot. She has to rest for a while.
9. What kind of food is the patient not allowed to eat? A. Anything sweet
B. Anything salty C. Anything spicy D. Anything sour
10. At what time should the patient go to bed? A. 20.30
B. 21.30 C. 22.00
11. Dia harus membayar berapa? A. Rp 50.000,00
B. Rp 500.000,00 C. Rp 5.000,00
Latihan 5—Isian
Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat: ada apa—apotek—jangan— keluarkan—pokoknya—sebentar—tenggorokan
Selamat pagi, Ibu dokter.
O. Selamat pagi. Masuk. Duduk dulu. Tunggu __________, ya.
Terima kasih, Bu.
Nah, __________? Ibu sakit apa?
Saya sakit tenggorokan barangkali, Bu.
Aaaahhhh!
Sekarang berdiri. Angkat tangan kanan. Angkat tangan kiri. Lihat ke atas. Baik, duduk lagi.
Bagaimana, Ibu dokter?
Memang __________ Ibu kelihatan merah. Sakit flu, barangkali.
Apa yang sebaiknya saya lakukan?
Minum obat ini. Kalau sudah habis, beli obat lagi di __________.
Apakah saya boleh bekerja?
Jangan! Jangan masuk kantor dulu. Dan __________ keluar rumah pada malam hari.
Baik, Bu dokter. Sebaiknya saya makan apa?
__________, jangan makan makanan yang pedas. Minum banyak air jeruk. O ya, jangan menonton televisi sampai larut malam. Tidur sebelum jam sembilan malam. Dan jangan mandi pada malam hari.
Terima kasih, Ibu dokter. Saya kira sudah cukup. Berapa, Bu?
Lima puluh ribu. Bayar di depan.
Terima kasih, Bu. Permisi.
Latihan 6—Rangkai Kata
Urutkan kata-kata di bawah ini menjadi kalimat yang benar sesuai dengan arti:
1. “I would like you to rest for three days.”
Saya—minta—beristirahat—Bapak—tiga—selama—supaya—hari.
2. “My salary is low, so I can't buy that medicine.”
Gaji—tidak bisa—kecil—obat—membeli—sehingga—saya—itu.
3. “He looked tired after he came home from work.” Dia—kelihatan—lelah—pulang—setelah—kerja.
5. “Have you ever undergone surgery?”
Apakah—sudah—Bapak—pernah—dioperasi?
Latihan 7—Menjodohkan
Jodohkanlah kata di kolom kiri dengan artinya di kolom kanan.
masalah oil ucapkan wine, grapes
minyak a problem kembalikan to utter
pokoknya to borrow perhatikan to pay attention to
meminjam the bottom line is anggur to return
Latihan 8—Teka Teki Silang (TTS)
Mendatar: 4. don’t 6. healthy 8. to suggest 9. a promise
10. to put something out 12. a matter
14. the bottom line is 15. to say (informal)
Menurun:
1. a medicine 2. a patient
