PREFACE
Alhamduilillah, this occasion we can made this paper for completing our assignment of English for Islamic Studies. Without blessing that Allah has given us, we couldn’t make this paper. Because of his blessing, time, place, health we can made and completing our assignment. Shalawat and salam always are given to Muhammad SAW, who took us from the darkness to the lightness and he is a great example for our life.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ... i
TABLE OF CONTENS... ii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of The Study... 1
CHAPTER II SWAM (FASTING) A. Definition Of Swam... 2
B. Swam in Al Quran... 2
C. Types of Swam in The Quran... 4
D. Conditons of Swam... 4
E. Benefits of Swam... 6
F. Detriments of Swam... 7
G. Days for Swam... 7
H. Swam While In Polar Region... 9
CHAPTER III CONCLUSION A. Conclusion... 10
PAPER
SWAM (FASTING)
By :
1.
M.Riki AM
2. Ropi’ah
3. Ating Alawi
4. Ahmad Murdi
SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM SYEKH MANSHUR
(STAISMAN) PANDEGLANG
BANTEN
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of The Study
Siyam is one of the main pillars of Islam. It is mentioned in the Holy Qur'an, "O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you, as it was prescribed to those before you, that you may (learn) self-restraint." (Quran 2:183)
Based upon the Qur'an, it has been the consensus of Muslims throughout history that a Muslim who rejects the legitimacy of Siyam rejects Islam as well. The Holy Prophet is reported to have said about the significance of the month of Ramadan: "A great month, a blessed month, containing a night which is better than a thousand months. The Almighty has appointed the observance of fasting during it as an obligatory duty, and the passing of its nights in prayer as voluntary practice. If someone draws near to The Almighty during it with some good act, he will be like one who fulfills an obligatory duty in another month, and he who fulfills an obligatory duty in it will be like one who fulfills seventy obligatory duties in another month."
CHAPTER II SWAM (FASTING)
A. Definition Of Swam
Sawm (Arabic: موص,plural: Siyam) is an Arabic word for fasting regulated by Islamic jurisprudence. In the terminology of Islamic law, sawm means to abstain from eating and drinking (including water) during daylight hours. The observance of sawm during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, but is not confined to that month. Ṣiyam is derived from Syriac: ṣawmā. Literally, it means "to abstain", cognates to Hebrew tsom..
Muslims are prohibited from eating, drinking and engaging in conjugal sexual relationships from dawn (fajr) to sunset (maghrib). Whilst fasting, Muslims are also obliged to abstain from smoking and other comforts such as chewing gum. Fasting is essentially an attempt to seek nearness to Allah and increase one's piety. One of the remote aims of fasting is to empathize with those less fortunate members of society who do not always have food and drink readily available. One must also try to avoid cursing and thinking evil thoughts, with the aim of controlling the tongue and temper during the fasting hours. Fasting is also viewed as a means of controlling one's desires (of food, drink and sex) and focusing more on devoting oneself to God.
Sawm also carries a significant spiritual meaning. It teaches one the principle of love: because when one observes fasting, it is done out of deep love for God and to learn self-restraint.
B. Swam in Al Quran
"O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous ." (Q.S Al-Baqara ayat 183)
[Fasting for] a limited number of days. So whoever among you is ill or on a journey [during them] - then an equal number of days [are to be made up]. And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] - a ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor person [each day]. And whoever volunteers excess - it is better for him. But to fast is best for you, if you only knew." (Q.S Al-Baqara ayat 184).
complete the period and to glorify Allah for that [to] which He has guided you; and perhaps you will be grateful.(Q.S Al-Baqara ayat 185)
C. Types of Swam in The Quran 1. Food Fasting (Sawm ut Taam). 2. Money Fasting (Sawm ul Maal). 3. Word Fasting (Sawm ul Kalam). Usually "Fasting" means Food Fasting.
Throughout the duration of the fast itself, Muslims will abstain from certain provisions that the Quran has otherwise allowed; namely eating, drinking, and sexual intercourse. This is in addition to the standard obligation already observed by Muslims of avoiding that which is not permissible under Quranic orShari'ah law (e.g. ignorant and indecent speech, arguing and fighting, and lustful thoughts). Without observing this standard obligation, Sawm is rendered useless, and is seen simply as an act of starvation. The fasting should be a motive to be more benevolent to the fellow-creatures. Charity to the poor and needy in this month is one of most rewardable worship.
paying a fidyah which is essentially the iftaar, dinner and suhur for a fasting person who requires such financial help.
According to the Quran and the Sunnah, if someone cannot afford fasting due to illness or traveling they are permitted to suspend fasting and continue at a more opportune time or condition of health. However, the question of those suffering a permanent disease has not been resolved. One view is that they can waive the obligation to fast if advised by a medical expert. Furthermore, it is held that they can provide a poor person with a meal for each day of fasting waived. Nonetheless, such a delinquent person must be willing to fast when in health.
Observing the fast is not permitted for menstruating women. However, when a woman's period has ceased, she must bathe and continue fasting. Any fasts broken or missed due to menstruation must be made up whenever she can before the next month of Ramadan. Women must fast at times when not menstruating, as the Quran indicates that all religious duties are ordained for both men and women.
3. Breaking the fast and the consequences
During Ramadan, if one unintentionally breaks the fast by eating or drinking then they must continue for the rest of the day and the fast remains valid. For those who intentionally break the fast by eating, drinking or having sexual intercourse, the consequences is;
a. Free a slave, and if that is not possible,
b. Fast for two consecutive lunar months (approximately 60 days), and if that is not possible,
c. Feed and/or clothe 60 people in need
4. Breaking oaths and the consequences
If an oath is given and circumstances dictate that it must be broken (or if the one giving the oath deliberately breaks it), one must offer expiation (kaffara) by freeing a slave and if that is not possible, feed and/or clothe 10 poor people and if that cannot be done because due to lack of financial means or poor people cannot be found, fast for three consecutive days.
5. Beginning and ending the fast
In accordance with traditions handed down from Muhammad, Muslims eat a pre-dawn meal called the suhoor. All eating and drinking must be finished before azaan-ul-Fajr, the pre-dawn call to prayer. Unlike the Salat-ul-Zuhr and Salat-ul-Maghrib prayers, which have clear astronomical definitions (after-noon and after-sunset), there are several definitions used in practice for the timing of "true dawn" (al-fajr as-sadiq), as mentioned in the hadith. These range from when the center of the sun is 12 to 21 degrees below the horizon[9] which equates to about 40 to 60
minutes before civil dawn. There are no restrictions on the morning meal other than the restrictions on Muslims diet. After completing the suhoor, Muslims recite the fajr prayer. No food or beverage are allowed to go down the throat after the suhoor. However, water unlike food may enter the mouth, but not go down the throat during wudu.
The meal eaten to end the fast is known as al-Iftar. Muslims, following the Sunnah of the Prophet, Muhammad, break the fast with dates and water, before praying Salat-ul-Maghrib, after which they might eat a more wholesome meal.
E. Benefits of Swam
month of giving charity and sharing meals to break the fast together, the latter offering more reward than if eating alone. Most importantly, the fast is also seen as a great sign of obedience by the believer to Allah. Faithful observance of the Sawm is believed to atone for personal faults and misdeeds and to help earn a place in paradise. ninth month of Islam calendar. It is hard, but it bring those closer to God.
Sawm is intended to teach believers patience and self-control in their personal conduct, to help control passions and temper, to provide time for meditation and to strengthen one's faith. Fasting also serves the purpose of cleansing the inner soul and freeing it of harm. Some scholars, following the earliest understanding of the uses and objectives of the ritual of fasting strongly object to identifying mundane objectives of the ritual such as physical and psychological well being. To them the ritual of fasting is purely a worship and should not be treated as an exercise mixed with worship. The objectives of the fast is to inculcate taqwa (God-consciousness) in a believer. As mentioned earlier, fasting can also be observed voluntarily (as part of the Greater Jihad).
F. Detriments of Swam
Fasting on a long hot day carries a risk of dehydration. However, if one is at medical risk of dehydration, which leads to serious consequences, then it is permitted to break one's fast. An increase of negative health affects are observed exclusively during the month of Ramadan due to fasting, such as migraines, tachycardia, severe headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, circulatory collapse, and sleeping problems.
One study showed that Muslims are more irritabale during the month of Ramadan. They are more likely to commit crime, and suffer from accidents
G. Days for Swam
1. Month of Ramadan
2. Days of Oath
If you have an oath, for example: "If I graduate with a good mark, I will fast for three days for Allah" then one must fulfil this. This type of fasting is considered obligatory. Breaking the oath will result in a sin. 3. Days for voluntary fasting
Islam also prescribed certain days for non-obligatory, voluntary fasting, such as:
a. each Monday and Thursday of a week
b. the 13th, 14th, and 15th day of each lunar month
c. six days in the month of Shawwal (the month following Ramadan) d. the Day of Arafa (9th of Dhu al-Hijjah in the Islamic (Hijri) calendar) e. the Day of Ashura (10th of Muharram in the Hijri calendar), with one
more day of fasting before or after it.
f. As often as possible in the months of Rajab and Shaban before Ramadhan
g. First nine days of Dhu al-Hijjah in the Islamic calendar (only for non-Hajji's)
4. Days when fasting is forbidden
Although fasting is considered a pious act in Islam, there are times when fasting is prohibited:
a. Eid ul-Adha And 3 days following it because Mohammed said "You are not to fast these days. They are days of eating and drinking and remembering Allah", reported by Abu Hurairah.
b. Eid ul-Fitr
c. For Shia Muslims, the Day of Ashura, 10th of Muharram in the Hijri calendar.
eid (holiday) for you, so do not fast on it unless you fast the day before or after it."
e. Fasting everyday of the year is also forbidden; Muhammad said "There is no reward for fasting for the one who perpetually fasts."
H. Swam While In Polar Region
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
A. Conclusion
Fasting above all is an act of obedience and submission to the Almighty. This submission and commitment is based upon the love of The Almighty and the earnest effort to gain His pleasure and to avoid His displeasure. Hazrat Abu Hurairah (R.A.A.) says that the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.) said: "The Almighty and Master of Honor says: All other actions of a person are for himself, except the case of his fasting which is exclusively for Me and I shall pay (recompense) for him for the same. The fast is a shield (against vice and the fire of Hell)." Therefore when anyone of you is fasting he should abstain from loose talk and avoid verbosity and noisy exchange of words. If somebody starts abusing him or picks up a quarrel with him, he should tell him that, 'I am observing a fast.' By The Almighty in whose hands is the life of Muhammad (S.A.W.), the breath of the mouth of one who is fasting is more pleasant in the sight of The Almighty than the fragrance of musk. A fasting person gets two kinds of pleasure: firstly he feels pleasure when he breaks his fast, and secondly he will be joyful by virtue of his fast, when he meets his Lord.
Fasting is an act of acknowledgment of The Almighty as The Only Master and The Sustainer of the Universe. It is only through His bounties that we derive our existence and our sustenance.
Fasting is an act of atonement for our errors and mistakes. Hazrat Abu Sa'eed Khudri (R.A.A.) says that the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.) said: When a person fasts for a day, for the sake of The Almighty, then The Almighty drives away the Hell from him to a distance of seventy years of traveling. (Bukhari and Muslim)
REFERENCE
