A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF FEMALE
SEXUALITY ARTICLES IN WOMEN MAGAZINES
A THESIS
By
SRI UTARI
147052014/MBE
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF FEMALE
SEXUALITY ARTICLES IN WOMEN MAGAZINES
A THESIS
Submitted as the Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts (M.A.) in English Postgraduate Study Program, Faculty of
Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara
By
SRI UTARI
147052014/MBE
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
Title of Thesis :A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF FEMALE SEXUALITY ARTICLES IN WOMEN MAGAZINES
Name :Sri Utari
Reg. Number :147052014
Study Program :English Postgraduate
Approved by Adviser Commission
(Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP.) (Dr. Nurlela, M.Hum.)
Adviser I Adviser II
Head of Dean of
English Postgraduate Program Faculty of Cultural Sciences
(Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H., M.A.) (Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S.)
Has been examined on Date :21st June 2017
Board of Examiners :
Chief : Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP. (……….)
Members : Dr. Nurlela, M.Hum. (……….)
Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A., Ph.D. (……….)
Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H., M.A. (……….)
DECLARATION
A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF FEMALE SEXUALITY ARTICLES IN WOMEN MAGAZINES
I certify that the thesis I wrote as one of the requirements to obtain the
degree of Master of Arts from English Postgraduate Study Program, Faculty of
Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara, is exactly my own work.
I certify that I clearly mentioned the reference of the citations I used in
some specific parts of this thesis based on norm, rule, and etiquette of the
technique of a scientific writing.
I certify, in the future, that I am willing to accept the sanction of the
renovation of my academic degree which I receive and other sanction in
accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations, provided some parts or all
parts of this thesis are invented not to be my own work or to commit plagiarism.
Medan, June 2017
The Writer
A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF FEMALE
SEXUALITY ARTICLES IN WOMEN MAGAZINES
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study are to analyze the text of female sexuality articles that realized in the women magazines (i.e. vocabulary, grammar, cohesion and text structure), to analyze the discursive practice in female sexuality articles that realized in the women magazines (i.e. force of utterances, coherence of texts, and intertextuality of texts) and to find out the ideology that showed in the women magazines based on Fairclough theory. This research is conducted by using qualitative content analysis. The data of the study are the sentences from the female sexuality‟s articles in women‟s magazine which are from Cosmopolitan
and Glamour magazines. The data are analyzed by using Fairclough‟s theory
Discourse and Social Change (1992). The results of the study shows that in analysis of texts in data 1, the using of vocabulary mostly contains literal meaning, and the using of grammar mostly in transivity form, text structure dominantly takes a part than cohesion. In data 2, the using of vocabulary mostly contains metaphor that included explicit meanings whereas it show vulgarism words, and the using of grammar in modality form. In data 3, the using of vocabulary mostly contains metaphor that include explicit meanings, and the using of grammar mostly in transivity form. In analysis of discursive practice, in data 1, force of utterances mostly contains higher levels, and coherence dominantly takes a part in the sentences than intertextuality. In data 2, the using of force of utterances mostly contains higher levels, coherence takes a whole part in the sentence than intertextuality. In data 3, the using of force utterances dominantly contains a whole part in higher levels, coherence text mostly takes a part than intertextuality. In ideology, data 1, data 2 and data 3, three of them are mostly contain liberalism ideology from each female sexuality articles.
ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS DARI ARTIKEL SEKSUALITAS
WANITA DALAM MAJALAH WANITA
ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa realisasi analisis teks dari artikel seksualitas wanita dalam majalah wanita (yaitu kosakata, struktur bahasa, kohesi dan struktur teks), untuk menganalisa realisasi praktek dari artikel seksualitas wanita dalam majalah wanita (yaitu kekuatan ucapan, koherensi teks dan intertekstualiti teks) dan untuk menemukan ideologi yang ditunjukkan pada majalah wanita berdasarkan teori Fairclough. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif konten. Data penelitian ini adalah kalimat – kalimat dari artikel seksualitas wanita dalam majalah wanita yang berasal dari majalah Cosmopolitan dan majalah Glamour. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori Fairclough dalam bukunya Discourse and Social Change (1992). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam analisis teks, pada data 1, penggunaan kosakata kebanyakan bermakna harfiah, dan penggunaan struktur bahasa hampir semua dalam bentuk transitivitas, kemudian struktur teks secara dominan mengambil bagian dalam teks dibandingkan kohesi. Pada data 2, penggunaan kosakata kebanyakan bermakna metafor atau mengandung makna eksplisit dimana menunjukkan kata-kata vulgar, dan penggunaan struktur bahasa hampir semua dalam bentuk modaliti. Pada data 3, penggunaan kosakata kebanyakan mengandung makna metafor yang mengandung makna eksplisit yaitu terdapat kata-kata vulgar, dan penggunaan struktur bahasa sebagian besar dalam bentuk transitivitas. Dalam analisis wacana praktis, pada data 1, penggunaan kekuatan ucapan dalam teks kebanyakan mengandung level tinggi, kemudian koherensi secara dominan mengambil peran di dalam kalimat dibandingkan intertekstualitas. Pada data 2, kekuatan ucapan kebanyakan mengandung level tinggi, kemudian koherensi mengambil semua bagian dalam kalimat dibandingkan intertekstualitas. Pada data 3, penggunaan kekuatan ucapan dalam teks secara dominan mengandung semua bagian dalam level tinggi, kemudian koherensi teks kebanyakan mengambil peran dibandingkan intertekstualitas. Dalam ideologi, data 1, data 2, dam data 3, ketiganya mengandung ideology liberalisme dari setiap atrikel seksualitas wanita.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, Alhamdulillah all praises to be Allah SWT, I would never have
been able to finish my thesis without Allah, for giving me everything, health,
strength, ability to finish this thesis, for every bless and for every answered
prayer.
In this occasion, I would like to thank the Rector of University of
Sumatera Utara Prof. Dr. Runtung Sitepu, S.H, M.Hum., and the Dean of Faculty
of Cultural Sciences Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S., the Head of English Postgraduate
Program Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H, M.A., the Secretary of English Postgraduate
Program, Dr. Drs. Umar Mono, Dipl.Trans, M.Hum., and to Prof. T. Silvana
Sinar, M.A., Ph.D. I am also very thankful to my great supervisor Dr. Eddy Setia,
M.Ed. TESP., and to my co – supervisor Dr. Nurlela, M.Hum., for their helps,
guidance, understanding, contribution and all your advice and motivations you
have given to me are so precious and useful for my improvement. I would like to
thank to all lecturers who have shared the knowledge while studying , for giving
knowledge and advices. I would like to give high gratitude to Kak Adri as the
staff of English Department for her contribution in accomplishing the
administration.
Especially, I would like to thank so much to my beloved mother and
family. My mother Dra. Nurfadhly, my aunty Rahmah Hanum, S.E and my uncle
Kamaruddin, my brother Aulia rahman, S.E., M.Si and his wife Yanti Mayani,
and all family of Alm. Tgk. H. Ali Balwy for the unconditional love, support,
I would like to thank my classmates, Kak Ara, Yati, Hanim, Enda and
Arief, for their help in cheering me up, supporting me and completing this thesis. I
would like to thank my best friends, Nurul, and Wanda. Then, I also would like to
thank my beloved, Ansari Bobby N., S.S. who always supports, helps, prays,
cheers me up and stood by me through the good times and bad.
The last, I would like to dedicate my work to the memories of my beloved
father, Alm. Boen Soemarno, SE., and my beloved brother, Alm. Muhammad
Andi Laksono, I always love and pray for you both.
Finally, I realize there are still many weaknesses in this thesis. However I
hope this thesis can give some contributions to the others.
Medan, June 2017
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Name : Sri Utari
Place, Date of Birth : Banda Aceh, 21st November 1991
Sex : Female
Religion : Islam
Nationality : Indonesia
Address : Komp. Tata Alam Asri Blok IV No. 152
Gaperta Ujung, Medan 20125
Domicile : Jl. Damar Raya No. 1, Medan 20239
Phone Number : 0822 7789 2698
Email : sriutaristba@gmail.com
Academic Background
1. 1997 – 2003 : SD Negeri 068475 Medan
2. 2003 – 2006 : SMP Negeri 45 Medan
3. 2006 – 2009 : SMA Negeri 7 Medan
4. 2010 – 2014 : Bachelor of Literature (S.S.) of Sekolah Tinggi
Bahasa Asing (STBA) Medan
5. 2015 – 2017 : Master of Arts in English (M.A.) Faculty of
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 10
2.1 Critical Discourse Analysis ... 10
2.1.1 Fairclough‟s Theory ... 10
2.1.2 van Dijk‟s Theory ... 12
2.1.3 Wodak‟s Theory ... 14
2.2 Theoretical Framework ... 16
2.2.1 The Strengthens and The Weakness of Fairclough‟s Theory ... 16
2.2.2 Fairclough‟s Framework for Analysis ... 18
2.3 Ideology according to Fairclough‟s Theory ... 21
2.3.1 Liberalism ... 22
2.3.2 Capitalism ... 23
2.3.3 Consumerism ... 25
2.4 Fairclough‟s Framework for Analysis ... 26
2.4.1 Analysis of Text ... 26
2.4.1.1 Vocabulary ... 26
2.4.1.2 Grammar ... 27
2.4.1.3 Cohesion ... 27
2.4.1.4 Text Structure ... 28
2.4.2 Analysis of Discursive Practice ... 28
2.4.2.1 Force of Utterances ... 28
2.4.2.2 Coherence of Texts ... 28
2.4.2.3 Intertextuality of Texts ... 29
2.5 Semantics ... 30
2.6 Women‟s Magazines ... 31
2.7 Studies on Women‟s Representation as Female Sexuality ... 31
2.7.1 Contradiction ... 32
2.7.2 Feminism ... 33
2.7.2.1 Femininity ... 34
2.7.3 Addressing Woman ... 35
2.8 Cultural Diversity ... 36
2.9 Conceptual Framework ... 37
2.10 Previous Relevant Studies ... 38
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 41
3.1 Research Design ... 41
3.2 Data and Sources of Data ... 41
3.2.1 Data ... 41
3.2.2 Sources of Data ... 42
3.3 Technique for Collecting Data ... 42
3.4 Technique of Data Analysis ... 43
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ... 46
4.1 Data Analysis ... 46
4.1.1 Analysis of Text in Female Sexuality Articles ... 46
4.1.1.1 Vocabulary ... 46
4.1.1.2 Grammar ... 55
4.1.1.3 Cohesion ... 62
4.1.1.4 Text Structure ... 69
4.1.2 Analysis of Discursive Practice in Female Sexuality Articles ... 75
4.1.2.1 Force of Utterances ... 75
4.1.2.2 Coherence of Texts ... 82
4.1.2.3 Intertextuality of Text ... 90
4.1.3 Ideology in Female Sexuality Articles ... 91
4.2 Findings ... 94
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 95
5.1 Conclusions ... 95
5.2 Suggestions ... 96
LIST OF FIGURE
No. Title Page
LIST OF APPENDICES
No. Title Page
Appendix 1 Data 1 from Glamour Magazine No. 108 April 2016 ... 94
Appendix 2 Data 2 from Cosmopolitan Magazine September 2008 ... 95
