Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
Japan, September 24
th
– October 2
nd
2013
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
DIRECTORATE OF VARIOUS NEW ENERGY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
COUNTRY REPORT
RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDONESIA
By :
Fenny Rahayu & Andri Suhindra
I.
PROFILE
II.
ENERGY POLICY
III.
CONDITION OF ENERGY 2012
IV.
NATIONAL PRIMARY ENERGY MIX TARGET
V.
EFFORTS TO INCREASE NRE UTILIZATION
VI.
CURRENT NEEDS OF COOPERATION
VII.
RE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION STRATEGY
VIII.
RENEWABLE ENERGY FEED IN TARIFF
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
DIRECTORATE GENERAL NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
(Based on Presidential Regulation No. 24/2010)
DIRECTORATE
GENERAL NEW
RENEWABLE ENERGY
AND ENERGY
CONSERVATION
SECRETARIATDIRECTORATE GENERAL NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY AND
ENERGY CONSERVATION
DIRECTORATE
ENERGY
CONSERVATION
DIRECTORATE OF
VARIOUS OF NEW
ENERGY AND
RENEWABLE ENERGY
DIRECTORATE OF
BIOENERGI
DIRECTORATE OF
GEOTHERMAL
I. PROFILE
1. ENERGY CONSERVATION :
to increase energy
efficiency on supply and demand side, e.g industrial sector,
transportation, household and commercial.
2. ENERGY DIVERSIFICATION :
to increase the share of
new renewable energy use in the primary energy mix. e.g:
RENEWABLE ENERGY
a. Geothermal,
b. Hidro,
c. Bioenergy,
d. Solar,
e. Wind,
f. Ocean wave and current.
NEW ENERGY
a. Liqiufied Coal
b. Coal Bed Methane
c. Gasified Coal
d. Nuclear
e. Hidrogen
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
ENERGY SUPPLY SIDE MANAGEMENT
ENERGY DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT
TRANSFORMATION PARADIGM OF NATIONAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT
SUPPLY
DEMAND
DEMAND
SUPPLY
Current condition:
Future Condition:
1.
Energy needs has not been efficient
2.
Energy needs are met with fossil energy at a cost of
whatever and even subsidized
3.
Renewable energy as an alternative only
4.
Renewable energy sources that are not utilized is wasted
God's gift
1.
Minimize the energy requirements
2.
Maximize the provision and utilization of renewable
energy, at least with the price of fossil energy avoided
cost, if necessary, subsidized
3.
Fossil energy is used as a counterweight
4.
Fossil energy sources are not utilized as a legacy for their
children and grandchildren / exported
Supplied by Fossil Energy, at
any cost
(Subsidize)
Renewable Energy as an
alternative
Inefficient Sectoral Energy
Demand:
Household
Transport
Industry
Commercial
Maximize the supply and
utilization of New
Renewable Energy, with
Avoided Fossil Energy Costs
Fossil Energy
as balancing factor
Efficient Sectoral Energy
Demand:
Household
Transport
Industry
Commercial
(CONSERVATION)
(DISVERSIFICATION
Forestry, Peat Land,
Agriculture
680 million Ton
Energy Sector
30 million Ton
Waste
48 million Ton
Industry and Transportation
9 million Ton
Through the development of
new renewable energy and
implementing energy
conservation by all sectors
President Commitment on G-20 Pittsburgh and COP15
To reduce the GHG Emission in 2020
26%
(767 mln Ton)
41%
NATIONAL COMMITMEN TO REDUCE GHG EMISSION
Own efforts
Own efforts and
international
support
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
III. CONDITION OF ENERGY 2012
National Energy Mix
Total in 2012
1176 million BOE
Elasticity of Energy =
1.65
Share of Non Fossil Energy
~ 5%
1.
Public access to energy (modern) is still limited:
a.
Electrification ratio in 2012 was 76,47% (23,53% of
households not yet electrified);
b.
Development of energy infrastructure (rural / remote areas
and outer islands generally do not get access to energy);
2.
Growth in energy consumption an average of
7%
per year, yet
balanced with enough energy supply;
3.
Dependence on fossil energy is still high (
95%
), reserves are
more limited;
4.
Utilization of renewable energy and implementation of Energy
Conservation is not optimal;
5.
Linkage to environmental issues:
a.
Mitigation of climate change;
b.
Carbon trading;
c.
National commitment to reducing emissions 26% by 2020;
6.
Funding for the development of energy sector is still very limited.
Coal
23,91%
Oil
46,77%
Gas
24,29%
RNE
5,03%
NO
NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY
RESOURCES
INSTALLED CAPACITY (IC)
IC/RESOURCES (%)
RATIO OF
1
2
3
4
5 = 4/3
1
Hydro
75,769 MW
7,571 MW
9.99%
2
Geothermal
29,164 MW
1,341 MW
4.6 %
3
Biomass
49,810 MW
1,644.1 MW
3.3%
4
Solar
4.80 kWh/m
2/day
42,779 MW
-
5
Wind
3 – 6 m/s
1.87 MW
-
6
Ocean
49 GW
***)0.01 MW
****)0%
7
Uranium
3,000 MW
*)30 MW
**)1%
*) Only in Kalan
– West Borneo
**) As a center of research, non-energy
***) Source: National Energy Council
****)
BPPT’s Prototype
NO
FOSSIL ENERGY
RESOURCES
PROVEN RESERVES
(PR)
RATIO OF
PR/RESOURCES
(%)
PRODUCTION
(PROD)
RATIO OF PR/PROD
(YEAR)*)
1
2
3
4
5 = 4/3
6
7 = 4/6
1
Oil (billion barel)
7,408.24
3,741.33
0.505
0.314
12
2
Gas (TSCF)
150.70
103.35
0.685
2.98
35
3
Coal (billion ton)
161.3
28.17
17
0.317
89
4
Coal Bed Methane (TSCF)
453.3
-
-
-
-
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
Target (year)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Electrif ication
Ratio
63%
64,3%
65,1% 65,8%
67,2%
72,95%
76,47%
79,2%
82,0%
REALIZATION (year)
NAD
88,80
%
Sumut
87,19%
Sumbar
76,86%
Riau
79,40%
Sumsel
67,42%
Bengkulu
71,08%
Babel
92,80%
Lampung
70,01%
Jakarta
99%
Banten
79,72%
Jabar
75,98%
Jateng
80,30%
Jambi
70,07%
DIY
76,77%
Jatim
74,82%
Bali
73,87%
NTB
53,01%
NTT
50,70%
Kalbar
89,70%
Kalsel
75,01%
Kaltim
76,53%
Sulut
73,21%
Gorontalo
58,91%
Sulteng
65,28%
Sulsel
81,11%
Malut
88,02%
Maluku
79,42%
Papua
32,29%
Category :
> 60 %
41 - 60 %
20 - 40 %
Sulbar
91,42%
Kepri
73,07%
Sultra
69,23%
Papua Barat
64,22%
Kalteng
56,88%
ELECTRIFICATION RATIO 2012
CURRENT
CONDITION
2012
ENERGY ELASTICITY= 1.65
RATIO OF ELECTRIFICATION = 76.47 %
NON FOSSIL ENERGY SHARE 5%
2025 TARGET
PRESIDENTIAL REGULATION NO.
5/2006
ENERGY ELASTICITY LESS THAN 1 IN 2025
OPTIMIZING NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES
Biofuel
5%
Geothermal
5%
Nuclear,
Hydro,
Solar,
Wind,
and Other NRE 5%
Liquified
Coal 2%
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
1. IMPROVING POLICY AND REGULATION
The Government continues to improve the regulation of development
and utilization of renewable energy, including the preparation of draft
government regulations of new renewable energy.
2. CREATING MARKET
through the supply and utilization of variuos NRE, obligating National
Electric Company (PLN) to buy electricity, the application of Indonesian
National Standard (SNI), etc.
3. FEED-IN TARIFF and CEILING PRICE
Declared through the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources
Regulation, that regulates the FiT and ceiling price of electricity from
renewable energy purchased by National Electric Company.
4. PROVIDING INCENTIVES AND FACILITIES
Reduction of taxes and customs duties, licensing procedures more
simple.
5. THE FUNDING AND OTHER SUPPORTING
Providing fund to improve energy acess in remote and isolated area
6. IMPROVING QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES
Education and training in the field of renewable energy
Improving
NRE
networks,
supporting
the
establishment
of
organization/association
7. INCREASING RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY
Increase research cooperation;
Increase kind of research
8. INCREASING COOPERATION WITH OTHER COUNTRY AND
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
Cooperation for capacity building and technology transfer
Lessons learned for the implementation of new renewable energy policies
and programs
Increase new renewable energy market and technology for NRE
component (esp. small-scale turbine) abroad.
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
Capacity Building on Nuclear Energy (technical & policy)
Implementation of smart grid in certain areas
Knowledge and technology transfer in the development of the upstream
industry of solar power
Knowledge and technology transfer in the development of the industry of
wind power
Knowledge and technology transfer in the development of the industry of
ocean energy
1. Improvement of the national electricity supply through the development of
Hydro Power Plant;
2. Improvement of the national electricity supply through the development of
Geothermal Power Plant;
3. Improvement of the national electricity supply through the development of
Bioenergy Plant;
4. Improvement of the electricity access in remote areas, small islands and
border areas with Micro Hydro and Solar Power Plant;
5. Development of wind power and ocean energy plant pilot project in order to
prepare the stage of commercialization.
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
1. MEMR Regulation No 4 year 2012
FiT for Hydro power
: IDR. 656 – 2,259/kWh
FiT for Biomass
: IDR 975 – 1,722/kWh
FiT for Biogas
: IDR 975 – 1,722/kWh
2. MEMR Regulation No 22 year 2012
FiT for Geothermal Power Plant : 10 – 18.5
cent US$/kWh
3. MEMR Regulation No 17 year 2013
FiT for Solar PV Power Plant : 25 – 30 cent US$/kWh
4. MEMR Regulation No 19 year 2013
FiT for Municipal Waste Power Plant: IDR. 1.250 – 1.798/kWh
The tariff levels will be based on ceiling price of 25 cent/kWh
(using modules with local content < 40%, i.e. considered as
imported modules) and 30 cent/kWh (using modules with local
content ≥ 40%)
The application for the ceiling price will be done through bidding
process using online system based on certain quota per annum
The quotas have already determined by Director General of
NRE&EC
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
PRODUCTION COST
The production cost is relatively higher than the conventional energy, so it’s difficult to
compete with the conventional energy
INVESTMENT
The investment cost is quite high. However, investment in new renewable energy
industry is quite in demand by domestic investors
TECHNOLOGY
Some of technologies have been able to developed domestically, such as small to
medium-scale power plant technologies;
Renewable energy technologies are still provided by the foreign.
HUMAN RESOURCE
Quantity and quality of human resources in the field of renewable energy is still quite
limited;
People’s acceptance for new renewable energy is still relatively low, since most of
people feel more comfortable using conventional energy.
www.ebtke.esdm.go.id
Pegangsaan Timur Street No. 1A Cikini, Jakarta 10320; Phone/Fax : +6221-31924540
e-mail: bahan_ebtke@yahoo.com
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
MINI/MICRO HYDRO POWER PLANT FEED IN TARIFF
(MEMR REGULATION NO 4 YEAR 2012)
AREA
Price for
Medium
Voltage
(Rp/kWh)
Price for Low
Voltage
(Rp/kWh)
INCENTIVE
FACTOR (F)
Jawa and Bali
656 x F
1,004 x F
1
Sumatera and
Sulawesi
787 x F
1,205 x F
1.2
Kalimantan, West and
East Nusa Tenggara
853 x F
1,305 x F
1.3
Maluku and Papua
984 x F
1,506 x F
1.5
NO
AREA
PRICE (cent US$/kWh)
High Voltage
Medium Voltage
1 Sumatera
10
11,5
2 Jawa, Madura dan Bali
11
12,5
3 Sulawesi selatan, Sulawesi barat dan
Sulawesi Tenggara
12
13,5
4 Sulawesi utara, Sulawesi tengah dan
Gorontalo
13
14,5
5 NTB dan NTT
15
16,5
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
No.
Energy
Capacity
FiT
Description
Tegangan Menengah
1.
Biomassa
up to 10 MW
Rp. 975,- / kWh X F
2.
Biogas
up to 10 MW
Rp. 975,- / kWh X F
Non Municipal Waste
3.
Municipal Waste
up to 10 MW
Rp. 1050,- / kWh
Zero waste *)
4.
Municipal Waste
up to 10 MW
Rp. 850,- / kWh
Landfill *)
Tegangan Rendah
1
Biomassa
up to 10 MW
Rp. 1.325,- / kWh X F
2
Biogas
up to 10 MW
Rp. 1.325,- / kWh X F
Non Municipal Waste
3
Municipal Waste
up to 10 MW
Rp. 1.398,- / kWh
Zero waste *)
4
Municipal Waste
up to 10 MW
Rp. 1.198,- / kWh
Landfill *)
Note : *) based on Indonesian Law no. 18 /2008 on waste management
MEMR REGULATION NO 4/2012:
FEED IN TARIFF: BIOMASSA, BIOGAS AND MUNICIPAL WASTE
Area Jawa, Bali, Sumatera
: F = 1
Area Kalimantan, Sulawesi , NTB dan NTT
: F = 1,2
Area Maluku dan Papua
: F = 1,3
No.
Energy
Capasity
FiT
Municipal Waste Management (MSW) by Zero Waste teknology *)
1.
Medium Voltage
up to 10 MW
Rp. 1.450,- / kWh
2.
Low Voltage
up to 10 MW
Rp. 1.798,- / kWh
Municipal Waste Management (MSW) by Landfill teknologiy**)
1.
Medium Voltage
up to 10 MW
Rp. 1.250,- / kWh
2.
Low Voltage
up to 10 MW
Rp. 1.598,- / kWh
Catatan :
*) Teknologi Zero Waste merupakan teknologi pengelolaan sampah sehingga terjadi penurunan volume sampah yang signifikan melalui
proses terintegrasidengan gasifikasi atau insenerasi;
**)Teknologi Sanitary Landfill merupakan teknologi pengolahan sampah dalam suatu kawasan tertentu yang terisolir sampai aman untuk
lingkungan
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
ACEH: PLTS terpusat: 5 Unit KK: 337 SUMUT: Centralized Off-grid PV Power Plant 6 Unit KK: 408 SUMBAR: PLTS terpusat: 2 Unit PLTMH : 1 Unit KK: 172 BENGKULU: PLTS terpusat: 2 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 256 JAMBI: PLTS terpusat: 4 Unit KK: 384 SUMSEL: PLTS terpusat: 7 Unit KK: 830 RIAU: PLTS terpusat: 6 Unit KK: 843 BABEL: PLTS terpusat: 5 Unit KK: 402 KEPRI: PLTS terpusat: 4 Unit KK: 583 BANTEN: PLTS terpusat: 2 Unit KK: 228 JABAR: PLTS terpusat: 3 Unit KK: 228 JATENG: PLTS terpusat: 3 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 146 JATIM: PLTS terpusat: 3 Unit KK: 249 BALI: PLTS terpusat: 8 Unit (2 unit 1 MWp + 6 unit 15 kWp) KK: 599 NTB: PLTS terpusat: 6 Unit (1 unit 1 MWp + 4 units 15 kWp) PLT Hybrid: 1 Unit KK: 407 NTT: PLTS terpusat: 5 Unit PLT Hybrid: 2 Unit KK: 240 KALBAR: PLTS terpusat: 4 Unit KK: 357 KALTENG: PLTS terpusat: 6 Unit KK: 416 KALSEL: PLTS terpusat: 7 Unit KK: 410 KALTIM: PLTS terpusat: 6 Unit KK: 706 SULTENG PLTS terpusat: 4 Unit KK: 390 GORONTALO PLTS terpusat: 4 Unit KK: 370 SULUT PLTS terpusat: 4 Unit KK: 272 SULBAR: PLTS terpusat: 5 Unit KK: 453 SULSEL: PLTS terpusat: 7 Unit PLT Hybrid : 2 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 662 SULTRA: PLTS terpusat: 5 Unit KK: 700 MALUKU UTARA PLTS terpusat: 4 Unit KK: 355 PAPUA BARAT PLTS terpusat: 8 Unit KK: 496 PAPUA PLTS terpusat: 7 Unit KK: 516 DIY: PLT Hybrid: 2 Unit KK: 64 MALUKU: PLTS 6 Unit KK: 451KEGIATAN FISIK TA 2012
Total Cap. : 4,755 kW
RENEWABLE ENERGY INFRASTUCTURE PROGRAM ME 2012
PLTS = PV Power Plant
PLTMH = Microhydro Power Plant
KK = Household
ACEH: PLTS terpusat: 5 Unit KK: 337 SUMUT: PLTS terpusat: 6 Unit KK: 408 SUMBAR: PLTS terpusat: 2 Unit PLTMH : 1 Unit KK: 172 BENGKULU: PLTS terpusat: 2 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 256 JAMBI: PLTS terpusat: 4 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 589 SUMSEL: PLTS terpusat: 3 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 308 RIAU: PLTS terpusat: 3 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 843 BABEL: PLTS terpusat: 4 Unit KK: 186 LAMPUNG: PLTS terpusat: 9 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 1.203 KEPRI: PLTS terpusat: 4 Unit KK: 583 BANTEN: PLTS terpusat: 1 Unit KK: 68 JABAR: PLTS terpusat: 1 Unit KK: 68 JATENG: PLTS terpusat: 2 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 146 JATIM: PLTS terpusat: 4 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 515 BALI: PLTS terpusat: 2 Unit KK: 136 NTB: PLTS terpusat: 3 Unit PLT Hybrid: 1 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 447 NTT: PLTS terpusat: 4 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 383 KALBAR: PLTS terpusat: 3 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 779 KALTENG: PLTS terpusat: 3 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 178 KALSEL: PLTS terpusat: 7 Unit KK: 410 KALTIM: PLTS terpusat: 6 Unit KK: 706 SULTENG PLTS terpusat: 2 Unit KK: 136 GORONTALO PLTS terpusat: 4 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 362 SULUT PLTS terpusat: 4 Unit KK: 272 SULBAR: PLTS terpusat: 4 Unit PLTMH: 2 Unit KK: 1.003 SULSEL: PLTS terpusat: 7 Unit PLT Hybrid : 2 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 662 SULTRA: PLTS terpusat: 4 Unit PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 276 MALUKU UTARA PLTS terpusat: 1 Unit KK: 68 PAPUA BARAT PLTS terpusat: 7 Unit PLTMH: 2 Unir KK: 1.358 PAPUA PLTS terpusat: 12 Unit PLTMH: 2 Unit KK: 2.413 DIY: PLT Hybrid: 1 Unit KK: 90 MALUKU: PLTMH: 1 Unit KK: 136
RENEWABLE ENERGY INFRASTUCTURE PROGRAM ME 2013
Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare
PV POWER PLANT QUOTA CAPACITY FOR 2013
ACEH: 4 MWp, 3 PLTS Sabang, 1 MWp Sinabang (Simeulue), 2 MWp Singkil, 1 MWp SUMUT: 2 MWp, 1 PLTS Nias, 2 MWp SUMBAR: 2 MWp, 1 PLTS Mentawai, 2 x 1 MWp BENGKULU: 1 MWp, 1 PLTS Muko-Muko, 1 MWp RIAU: 8.5 MWp, 6 PLTS Siak, 1 MWp Bengkalis, 1.5 MWp Ranai , 1 MWp Selat Panjang, 1.5 MWp Tj Balai Karimun, 2.5 MWp Tj Batu , 1 MWp BABEL: 13 MWp, 2 PLTS Bangka, 2 x 5 MWp Belitung, 3 MWp JATIM: 4 MWp, 4 PLTS Kangean, 1 MWp Karimunjawa , 1 MWp Raas , 1 MWp Sapudi , 1 MWp NTB: 17 MWp, 5 PLTS Sumbawa, 3 MWp Lombok Utara, 2 MWp Lombok Timur, 4 MWp Lombok Barat, 4 MWp Sistem Bima, 4 MWp NTT: 14 MWp, 9 PLTS Kupang, 5 MWp Atambua, 1 MWp Rote, 1 MWp Alor, 1 MWp Adonara, 1 MWp Sumba Timur, 1 MWp Larantuka, 1 MWp Maumere-Ropa-Ende, 2 MWp Bajawa-Ruteng-Labuan Bajo, 1 MWp KALBAR: 9.5 MWp, 7 PLTS Ketapang, 2.5 MWp Ngabang, 1 MWp Sanggau, 1.5 MWp Sintang, 1.5 MWp Nanga Pinoh, 1 MWp Sekadau, 1 MWp Putussibau, 1 MWp KALTENG: 2 MWp, 2 PLTS Sukamara, 1 MWp Nanga Bulik, 1 MWp KALSEL: 2 MWp, 1 PLTS Kotabaru, 2 MWp KALTIM: 2.5 MWp, 2 PLTS Nunukan, 1.5 MWp Tj Selor, 1 MWp SULTENG: 2 MWp, 2 PLTS Tolitoli, 1 MWp Kep. Banggai, 1 MWp GORONTALO: 2 MWp, 1 PLTS
Gorontalo, 2 MWp SULUT: 4 MWp, 4 PLTS Tahuna, 1 MWp
Siau, 1 MWp Karakelong, 1 MWp Talaud, 1 MWp SULSEL: 1 MWp, 1 PLTS Selayar, 1 MWp SULTRA: 13 MWp, 7 PLTS Bombana, 1 MWp Kendari, 2 x 3 MWp Kolaka, 2 MWp Bau-Bau, 2 MWp Raha, 1 MWp Wangi-Wangi, 1 MWp MALUT: 7.5 MWp, 6 PLTS Ternate-Tidore, 2.5 MWp Jailolo-Sofifi, 1 MWp Tobelo-Malifut, 1 MWp Bula, 1 MWp Bacan, 1 MWp Sanana, 1 MWp PAPUA BARAT: 5 MWp, 3 PLTS Manokwari, 2 MWp Fak-fak, 1 MWp Sorong, 2 MWp PAPUA: 14.5 MWp, 7 PLTS Jayapura, 6 MWp Biak, 1.5 MWp Kaimana, 1 MWp Serui, 1 MWp Merauke, 1.5 MWp Nabire, 1.5 MWp Timika, 2 MWp MALUKU: 10.5 MWp, 7 PLTS Ambon, 4.5 MWp Seram, 1 MWp Namlea, 1 MWp Tual, 1 MWp Dobo, 1 MWp Saumlaki, 1 MWp Tual, 1 MWp