Terapi Latihan Dasar
dan Latihan Fungsi
(1)
Lenny Agustaria Banjarnahor, SSt, M. Fis
Kepustakaan
Wajib
Kisner, Carolyn & Allen Colby, Lynn
Therapeutic Exercise (Foundations &
Techniques)
Penunjang
Basmajian, John V, Therapeutic Exercise
(Third edition)
Hollis Margaret, Practical Exercise
Therapy
Pendahuluan
Terapi Latihan dapat membantu bagian tubuh
cidera untuk kembali berfungsi secara normal.
Ft memberikan terapi latihan dengan terlebih
dahulu melakukan evaluasi, perencanaan,
penyusunan dan memberikan program kepada
pasien atas bagian tubuh yang fungsinya
dipulihkan.
Latihan/ Exercise:
Menggunakan otot pada berbagai tipe usaha yang
menyebabkan bagian tubuh tertentu bergerak
Terapi/ Therapeutic:
Latihan/ Exercise menjadi bagian pengobatan di
Latihan/ Exercise?
Aktivitas Fisik?
Peregerakan tubuh yang dihasilkan oleh aksi otot
sehingga meningkatkan pengeluaran energi. Contoh :
activities of daily living such as shopping, gardening, house keeping, child rearing, work-related activities, etc
Latihan/Exercise?
Aktivitas fsik yang memiliki Perencananaan/
terencana, terstruktur, dilakukan berulang-ulang/
repetitive, dan memiliki tujuan tertentu . Contoh:
training for or performing athletics, sports, or recreational activities such as jogging, roller-blading, ice skating,
swimming, etc.
Kebugaran fsii/ physical
ftness?s
Muscular strength
Muscular
endurance
Flexibility
Body composition
Cardiorespiratory
endurance
Power
Agility
Therapeutic Exercise Versus Conditioning
Exercise
Therapeutic Exercise
Conditioning Exercise
Latihan/ Exercise
digunakan sebagai bagian dari program rehabilitasi
Aktivitas-aktivitas
digunakan untuk
meminimalisir cidera dan
meningkatkan
performance
Menggunakan
conditioning exercise
untuk mencegah cidera/
injury dan juga
memulihkan dari kondisi
cidera
• Prinsip dasar dari latihan kekuatan yang diterapkan di fase
rehabilitasi
• Training dan conditioning membatasi dan meminimalisir
kemungkinan cidera, sedangkan rehab bekerja untuk
Defnisi terapi latihan/ Therapeutic
Exercise (Therex)
Terapi latihan/ Therapeutic Exercise
(Therex) adalah konerja/ capaian/
performance yang sistematik dari
pergerakan fsik yang terencana, postur dan
aktivitas fsik lainnya yang bertujuan untuk
memampukan pasien/ klien:
◦Remediate or prevent impairments
◦Enhance function
◦Reduce risk
◦Optimize overall health
Jenis Therex:
◦Agility training
◦Balance training (static & dynamic)
◦Body mechanics training
◦Breathing exercises
◦Coordination exercises
◦Gait and locomotion training
◦Neuromuscular re-education
◦Postural stabilization
◦ROM exercises & soft tissue stretching
◦Relaxation exercises
Tujuan Terapi Latihan
Tdd tujuan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang
Pencegahan disfungsi, Mengembangkan,
meningkatkan, mengembalikan &
mempertahankan :
1. Kekuatan
(strength)
2. Daya tahan
(endurance)
& cardiovaskuler
ftness
(kebugaran)
3. Mobilitas & feksibilitas
4. Stabilitas
5. Relaksasi
Tujuan jangka pendek
Program yang dibuat untk rehabilitasi, relatif
sederhana dan mencakup beberapa tujuan
jangka pendek di bawah ini:
Maintain ROM
maintaining or improving/ Increase fexibility
restoring or increasing strength
maintaining levels of cardiovascular ftness
re-establishing neuromuscular control
Therapeutic Exercises
Tujuan jangka panjang Therex pada atlet
adalah mengembalikan atlet yang cidera agar
dapat kembali berlatih atau bertanding
secepat dan seaman mungkin!
Tujuan yang mau dicapai adalah agar atlet
yang cidera dapat kembali berpartisipasi
dalam berlatih dan bertanding secara penuh
tanpa rasa nyeri
Fokus Area :
Pain Modulation
Muscular Strength
Normal ROM
Endurance
Tujuan
Therapeutic
Exercises
1. To improve circulation.
2. To improve strength and power.
3. To stimulate and increase sensory awareness of
movement.
4. To maintain and increase mobility of the joints
5. 5. To restore the physiological properties of the muscle
(excitability, contractility, and elasticity).
6. 6. To improve co-ordination and neuromuscular control.
7. 7. To increase muscle
performance and functional capacity (endurance).
8. 8. To gain relaxation (general or local).
9. To facilitate
proprioceptive
neuromuscular function
10. To improve respiratory
capacity.
11. To assist subject to
control and improve his balance.
12.To reduce pain.
13.To help regaining of
proper postural
alignment (improve and correct posture).
14.To increase and maintain
fexibility of the muscles, tendons, ligaments, and fascia.
15. To increase physical ftness.
16. improve gait and
Goal Setting
Specifc and
measurable
Positive rather than
negative
Challenging yet
realistic
Established time
table for completion
Integration of short-
intermediate- and
long term goals
Personalized and
internalized
Monitored and
evaluated
LINKED TO LIFE
FACT vs FALLACY dalam
Latihan
FALLACY
FACT
Spot Reduction Can
Reduce The Amount Of
Fat In Certain Parts Of
The Body
Exercise, Even When
Localized, Draws From All Of The Fat Stores Of The Body
Decrease In Girth Is A Result Of Increase In Muscle Tone
High Intensity Aerobic
Exercises Uses 65% Of The Body Energy Stores While Low Intensity Exercises Uses More Fat As An
FACT vs FALLACY dalam
Latihan
FALLACY
FACT
Exercise And Sports Will
Deter Bone Growth In
Children
Exercise Afects Primarily Bone Width, Density And Strength But Does Not Afect The Bone Length Exercise Along With
Adequate Diet Is Essential For Proper Bone Growth Sports Only Contribute To
About 23% Of Epiphyseal Injury In Children
Competetitve Baseball, Tennis And Swimming Carry Higher Risks For Shoulder Injury In
FACT vs FALLACY dalam
Latihan
FALLACY
FACT
When A Fat Baby Grows
Up, Baby Fat Will
Disappear
Fat Babies Make Fat Adults Fat Cells Are Formed During
The Fetal Development Up To Death
Fat Hyperplasia Occurs When Existing Fat Cells
FACT vs FALLACY dalam
Latihan
FALLACY
FACT
Strength Training Is
Contraindicated In
Children
Prepubescent Children Can Improve Strength With
Resistance Training Due To Synchronization Of Motor Units Firing. It Is Only During Pubescent Period
That Increase In Strength Is Due To Increase In Muscle Mass
FACT vs FALLACY dalam
Latihan
FALLACY
FACT
There Is An Increase In
Metabolic Rate After
Exercise ( Excessive Post
Exercise Oxygen
Consumption)
Regardless Of The Type
Of Exercise.
E.P.O.C. Is Increased
FACT vs FALLACY dalam
Latihan
FALLACY
FACT
Diet And Weight
Resistance Training Are
The Best Combination In
Decreasing Body Weight.
FACT vs FALLACY dalam
Latihan
FALLACY
FACT
Some Health Fads Are
More Efective Than
Others
The Most Important Factor In
FACT vs FALLACY dalam
Latihan
FALLACY
FACT
Exercise Is An Appetite
Stimulant
Exercise Appears To Be A Mild Appetite SuppressantI. Pendekatan Evaluasi dan
Program Pada Pasien
(Problem Solving Process Pierson, Burnett & Kisnerr, 1986)
ASSES NEEDS
DEVELOP PLAN
IMPLEMENT PLAN
A. Asses Needs
1. Impairment
kehilangan/abnormalitas fungsi psikologi,
fsiologi & struktur anatomi
2. Functional limitation
keterbatasan krn suatu impairment &
berhubungan dgn fungsi normal
3. Disability
Ketidakmampuan melakukan ADL normal
4. Handicap
Ketidakberuntungan sosial akibat impairment/
disability sehingga membatasi/mencegah
Format SOAP
Subjective information (riwayat
kasus) Objective data (evaluasi klinis)
1. Gambarkan
simptom/mekanisme injuri
2. Bagaimana simptom yg
dirasakan
3. Gambarkan keadaan
simptom thd ADL
4. Gambarkan keadaan
kondisi sebelumnya
5. Gambarkan riwayat
penanganan sebelumnya
6. Gambarkan keadaan
kesehatan secara umum
1) Inspeksi
2) Provokasi tes
a) AROM
b) PROM
c) Joint integrity
d) Resisted test
3) Palpasi
4) Neurologic test
5) Tes-tes tambahan
6) Tes-tes khusus thdp
Format SOAP
Assesmen
1) Identifkasi
diagnosis &
impairment
2) Identifkasi
keterbatasan
fungsional &
disability
3)Identifkasi
handicap
4) Buat referal yg
tepat
Examination of patient
1. Assessment
Assessment includes:
subjective information:
- name, age, sex, address,
occupation, diagnosis.
- How the patient perceive his
symptoms.
- Describe the behavior of the
symptoms.
Examination of patient Assessment
Objective data:
Goals of treatment
- By Inspection
(observation).
- By palpation.
- By measurement:
Muscle palpation,
muscle testing,
functional ability, ROM,
round and long
measurement, muscle tone,
special tests.
