Silabus S2 ARSITEKTUR 2009 2014 Teori Sejarah dan Kritik Arsitektur

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FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL DAN PERENCANAAN

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND PLANNING

Program Studi

Department

JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR

ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT

Jenjang Pendidikan Programme

PROGRAM MAGISTER ARSITEKTUR / BIDANG

KEAHLIAN: TEORI SEJARAH DAN KRITIK

ARSITEKTUR

MASTER PROGRAMME IN ARCHITECTURE / SPECIALIZATION: ARCHITECTURE THEORY, HISTORY AND CRITICISM

Kompetensi Lulusan

 Menguasai dan memahami kritik arsitektur sebagai penelitian-ilmiah kualitatif arsitektur.

 Menguasai dan memahami kritik arsitektur sebagai pendekatan dan metoda ilmiah arsitektur.

 Menguasai dan memahami ragam-ragam metoda dan teori rancang arsitektur.

 Memutakhirkan pengetahuan perilaku sebagai konteks dan pendekatan dalam arsitektur.

 Mampu menunjukkan ketajaman apresiasi dan analisis permasalahan dalam eksplorasi rancangan.  Mampu menunjukkan keserbacakupan tinjauan dari

eksplorasi rancangan.

Graduate Competence

 Proficiency in performing criticism as qualitatiee research in architecture.

 Proficiency in performing criticism as method in architectural research.

 Ability to employ behaeior as context and/or approach in architectural studies.

 Ability to perform intelligent appreciation and analysis of problems in exploratory design.

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STRUKTUR KURIKULUM/

COURSE STRUCTURE

No. Kode MK

Code Nama Mata Kuliah (MK)Course Title Creditssks SEMESTER I

1

RA092301 Metodologi Penelitian

Research Methodology 2

2

RA092302 Pembangunan Berwawasan Lingkungan

Sustainable Development 2

3

RA092303 Filsafat Ilmu

Philosophy of Science 2

4

RA092351 Arsitektur Perilaku 1

Behaviour Architecture 1 3

Jumlah sks/Total of credits 9

SEMESTER II

1

RA092304 Seminar

Seminar 2

2 _{RA092352 Arsitektur Perilaku 2}

Behaviour Architecture 2 2

3 _{RA092353 Teori dan Metoda Rancang}

Design Theory and Method 3

4 _{RA092354 Teori Arsitektur Modern / Kiwari}

Modern / Contemporary Theory of Architecture 2

SEMESTER III

1 _RA092355 Kritik Arsitektur

Architectural Criticism 3

2 _RA092356 Perancangan Eksploratif

Exploratory Design 3

3 _RA092357 Isyu Rancangan Kiwari

Contemporary Design Issues 3

SEMESTER IV

1 _{RA092358 Tesis}

Thesis 9

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MATA

Credits:

2 sks/2 credits

Semester:

I

Memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan merancang dan melaksanakan penelitian dalam bidang keahlian yang serumpun dengan arsitektur

Provides methodological knowledge and skill to design and conduct research in the feld of architecture studies

KOMPETENS I/

COMPETENC Y

 Mampu menyusun proposal penelitian.

 Mampu merancang dan melaksanakan penelitian pada tingkat thesis

 Mampu mengkomunikasikan hasil penelitian baik secara eerbal maupun tertulis.

 Ability to create a research proposal

 Ability to design and conduct a master thesis research

 Ability to communicate the research fnding by means of oral and written presentation.

POKOK BAHASAN/ SUBJECTS

 Paradigma penelitian dan kriteria kualitas penelitian.  Kajian teori dalam kegiatan penelitian.

 Teori dalam hubungannya dengan Metodologi Penelitian

 Disain / Strategi penelitian  Metoda / Teknik penelitian  Penulisan ilmiah

 Research paradigm and criteria of research quality.  Literature review in research activity.

 Theory in relation to research methodology.  Research design / strategy

 Research method / technique  Academic writing.

PUSTAKA UTAMA/ REFERENCE S

 Groat, L. and Wang, D. (2002), Architectural Research Methods, USA, John Wiley & Sons Inc.

 Eeans, D. and Gruba, P (2002), How to Write a Better Thesis, (second edition), Melbourne Unieersity Press

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for the Social Sciences (Second edition), Boston, Allyn and Bacon

 Creswell, JW (1994), Research Design. Qualitative

and Quantitative Approaches, Thousand Oaks, Sage Publication.

 Sileerman, D (1993), Interpreting Qualitative

Data. Methods for Analysing Talk, Text and Interaction, London, Sage Publications

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KULIAH/ COURSE TITLE

BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN

RA092302: SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT

Credits:

2 sks./2 credits

Semester:

I

TUJUAN PEMBELAJA RAN/ LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Memberi pemahaman tentang prinsip-prinsip

ekologi dalam pembangunan serta penerapannya

dalam bidang perencanaan dan perancangan

lingkungan binaan.

Provides understanding of principles of ecological development and its application in the area of planning and design of built environment.

KOMPETENS I/

COMPETENC Y

 Mampu memahami dan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip ekologi dalam perencanaan, perancangan dan pembangunan lingkungan binaan.

 Ability to understand the ecological principles in planning, design and development of built environment.

 Prinsip-prinsip ecologi

 Prinsip-prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan.  Peran sains dan teknologi dalam pembangunan.  Penentuan dan perumusan strategi, kebijakan dan

prioritas pembangunan serta mekanismenya

 Principles of Ecology

 Principles of Sustainable Development.

 The Role of Science and Technology in Development.  The decision and formulation of development

strategy, policy, priority, and their mechanism.

 Agenda 21 International dan Nasional

 WA Allen (2007), Global Strategy for Housing in

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MATA KULIAH/ COURSE TITLE

RA092303: FILSAFAT ILMU

RA092303: PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Credits:

2 sks/2 credits

Semester:

I

Memberikan kemampuan menguasai filsafat ilmu dan menerapkannya dalam pengembangan rumpun ilmu arsitektur dengan berlandaskan nilai-nilai luhur agama, dan budaya Indonesia dalam menghadapi

perkembangan lingkungan dan dinamika tata kehidupan global.

Provides profciency in, and ability to implement the philosophy of science to develop knowledge in

architecture studies based on the sublime religion and Indonesian culture values to respond the environmental development and the dynamic of global life order.

KOMPETENS I/

COMPETENC Y

 Mampu memahami konsep dasar filsafat ilmu dan fungsinya untuk dipakai sebagai landasan prmikiran dan pengembangan ilmu.

 Mampu memahami filsafat ilmu untuk

mengembangkan alternatif metodologi penelitian, baik pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif maupun perpaduan kedua-duanya.

 Mampu menerapkan filsafat ilmu sebagai dasar pemikiran, yang dijiwai nilai-nilai luhur agama dan budaya Indonesia untuk kemanfaatan bangsa dan negara serta umat manusia dalam menghadapi perkembangan lingkungan dan dinamika global

 Ability to understand basic concepts of philosophy of science and its role as the basic of academic and scientifc development.

 Ability to understand the philosophy of science and its role to develop alternatives of research methodology in qualitative and quantitative approach and combine both of them.

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 Pengetahuan dasar dan perkembangan filsafat ilmu mencakup dimensi ontologi, epistemologi dan aksiologi.

 Hubungan fungsional Agama, Filsafat dan Ilmu serta pengembangan teori dan alternatif metodologi keilmuan.

 Implikasi dan Implementasi Filsafat Ilmu dalam pengembangan keilmuan dan fokus pembahasan tentang aspek logika dan etika dalam pengembangan ilmu dan teknologi.

 Sejarah dan perkembangan arsitektur, timur dan barat

 Filsafat Arsitektur dalam kaitan dengan aspek etika, sains dan estetika , serta penerapannya dalam konsep Arsitektur yang berkelanjutan

 Basic knowledge of philosophy of science and its development, including ontological, epistemological and axiological dimensions

 The functional relationship among religion, philosophy, and science and the development of theory and scientifc methodology alternatives.  The implication and implementation of philosophy of

science in scientifc development and focused on discussion on logical and ethical aspects in scientifc and technological development.

 The development of Western and Eastern architecture history.

 Architectural philosophy in relation to ethical, scientifc and aesthetical aspects, and its implementation to sustainable development.

 Ryan Magee( 2001), The Story of Philosophy, A Dorling Kindersley Book, London UK.

 Jerome R. Raeertz (2004), Filsafat Ilmu, Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta

 Massimo Cacciari (1993), Architecture and

Nihilsm: On the Philosophy of Modern Architecture, Yale Unieersity Press, USA

 Willian O’Reilly ed. (1999), Architectural

Knowledge and Cultural Diversity, Comportements, Lausanne, Swiss

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RA092351: ARSITEKTUR PERILAKU I

RA092351: BEHAVIOR ARCHITECTURE

I

Credits:

3 sks./3 credits]

Semester:

I

Memberikan pengetahuan teori dasar untuk pendekatan studi hubungan lingkungan dan perilaku dalam kajian teori dan karya perancangan arsitektur perilaku

Provides basic theories to approach to environment behavior relation studies by analysing theories and objects of behavior architecture design.

KOMPETENS I/

COMPETENC Y

 Mampu memahami teori dasar sebagai pendekatan studi hubungan lingkungan dan perilaku dalam arsitektur perilaku.

 Mampu menerapkan teori dasar hubungan lingkungan binaan dengan perilaku dalam penelaahan karya ilmiah terkait.

 Mampu menerapkan pengetahuan tersebut dalam kajian teori dan karya perancangan arsitektur perilaku

.

 Ability to understand basic theories as an approach to environment behavior relation studies in the context of behavior architecture.

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eneironment behaeior relation into related scientific works.

 Ability to implement the knowledge to analyse objects and theories of behaeior architecture design.

 Pendekatan perilaku dalam arsitektur;

 Paham dan teori mengenai hubungan timbal balik lingkungan (khususnya lingkungan arsitektur) dengan perilaku manusia;

 Proses psikologis hubungan manusia dan lingkungan (arsitektur) serta terjadinya perilaku keruangan manusia (humanspatial behavior) ;

 Behavior setting sebagai unit analisis dan perancangan lingkungan (arsitektur);

 Behaeior approach in architecture.

 “Ism” and thoeries of eneironment and human behaeior reciprocal relation (especially architectural eneironment).

 Psychological process of human eneironment (architecture) relation and the present of human spatial behaeior.

 Behaeior setting as an analytical unit and eneironmental (architecture) design

 Heimsath, Cloeis, 1977, Behavioral Architecture, McGraw- Hill Bok Company, New York.

 Holahan, Charles, 1978, Environmental Psychology, Random House,New York.

 Lang, Jon, editor,1974, Designing for Human Behavior, Architecture and The Behavioral Science, Dowden, Hutchingon & Ross Inc, Sroudburg, Pennsyleania.

 Lang, Jon, 1987, Creating Architectural Theory, The Role of The Behavioral Sciences in Environmental Design, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co, New York.

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RA092304: SEMINAR

Credits:

2 sks./2 credits

Semester:

II

Mengembangkan kemampuan penelitian rumpun keilmuan arsitektur khususnya dalam mengeksplorasi pertanyaan penelitian/ hipotesa, mengkaji teori dan metodologi, yang dituangkan dalam bentuk proposal penelitian, dan dipresentasikan maupun didiskusikan dalam sebuah seminar

To develop research skill in the area of architecture studies, particularly to explore research questions/ hypothesis, theoretical review and methods, to create a research proposal, presented and discussed in a seminar

KOMPETENS I/

COMPETENC Y

 Pemahaman tentang proses penelitian dan proses penyusunan proposal tesis dalam rumpuk keilmuan Arsitektur, mulai dari penetapan

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 Kemampuan mengeksplorasi dan menetapkan permasalahan/ hipotesa; melakukan kajian pustaka dan menetapkan landasan/ kerangka teoritik penelitian, melakukan reeiew dan menetapkan metoda penelitian; dan menetapkan hasil yang diharapkan dalam penelitian rumpun keilmuan Arsitektur.

 Kemampuan menyusun komponen-komponen proposal tesis ke dalam bahasa tulis yang memenuhi kaidah-kaidah penulisan proposal tesis dan bahasa Indonesia yang baku.

 Kemampuan membuat presentasi dan menyajikan proposal tesis ke dalam bahasa tulis dan lisan yang singkat dan padat.

 Ability to understand research process and organise thesis proposal process in the area of architecture studies, initiated from problem statement/ hypothesis, literature review to research method.  Ability to explore and postulate a hypothesis; to

conduct literature review and compose theoretical framework; to conduct methodological review and select research methods; and to formulate research objective in the area of architecture studies

 Ability to organise thesis proposal components in written format following the guideline of thesis proposal and using Indonesian standard.

 Ability to present thesis proposal clearly and efficiently by means of written and oral presentation

 Proses penelitian dan proposal penelitian rumpun keilmuan Arsitektur.

 Eksplorasi permasalahan penelitian/ hipotesis rumpun keilmuan Arsitektur.

 Kajian pustaka dan dasar teori rumpun keilmuan Arsitektur.

 Metologi penelitian rumpun keilmuan Arsitektur.  Penulisan ilmiah dan presentasi karya ilmiah.  Penyusunan dan seminar proposal penelitian

 Research process and research proposal in the area of architecture studies.

 Exploration of Research problems and hypothesis in the area of architecture studies.

 Literature review and basic theory in the area of architecture studies.

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 Academic writing and scientifc presentation  Writing up research proposal and seminar

 Philips, EM and Pugh, DS. (1994), How to Get a

Ph.D. (second edition), Open Unieersity Press, Buckingham

 Eeans, D. and Gruba, P (2002), How to Write a

Better Thesis, (second edition), Melbourne Unieersity Press

 Groat, L. dan Wang, D. (2002), Architectural

Research Methods, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.

 Kumar, R. (1993), Writing a Research Proposal,

Some Guidelines for Beginers, National Key Centre for School Science and Mathematics, Curtin Unieersity of Technology, Perth.

 Theoritical books and journals related to research topic

RA092352: ARSITEKTUR PERILAKU 2

RA092352: BEHAVIOUR

ARCHITECTURE 2

Credits: 2

sks./2 credits]

Semester:

II

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To develop understanding of various architecture and behaviour issues in design process, and to exercise the skill of uncovering, analysing, and discussing sellected architecture-behaviour issues of various architecture design cases. perilaku dalam proses berarsitektur.

 Mampu mengungkap, mengkaji dan mendiskusikan isyu arsitektur dan perilaku terpilih dalam berbagai kasus karya perancangan arsitektur.

 Mampu menerapkan pemahaman berbagai isyu arsitektur dan perilaku dalam proses berarsitektur.

 Ability to understand various architecture-behaviour issues in architecture process.

 Ability to uncoeer, analyse, discuss sellected architecture-behaviour issues of various architecture design cases.

 Ability to implement understanding of various architecture-behaviour issues in architecture process.

POKOK

 Lingkungan ambient dan arsitektur perilaku;  Estetika lingkungan binaan dan arsitektur perilaku;  Bentuk, makna, pemaknaan dan arsitektur perilaku.

 Prieacy, personal space, territoriality, and behaeiour architecture.

 Density, eneironmental stress, crowding, and behaeiour architecture.

 Ambient eneironment and behaeiour architecture.  Built eneironment aesthetic and behaeiour

architecture.

 Form, meaning and behaeiour architecture.

 Holahan, Charles J, 1982, Environmental Psychology, Random House, New York.

 Lang, Jon, 1987, Creating Architectural Theory, The Role of The Behavioral Sciences in Environmental Design, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

 McAndrew, Francis T, 1993, Environmental Psychology, Brook/ Cole Publishing Co, California.  Weber, Ralf, 1995, On The Aesthetic of Architecture,

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 Halim, Deddy, 2005, Psikologi Arsitektur, Pengantar Kajian Lintas Disiplin, Grasindo, Jakarta.

RA092353: TEORI DAN METODA

RANCANG

RA092353: DESIGN THEORY AND

METHOD

Credits: 3

sks./3 credits]

Semester:

II

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PEMBELAJA

To enrich and sharpen/ focus knowledge of theories and methods in design architectural.

KOMPETENS I/

COMPETENC Y

 Mampu menguasai rincian isi dari berbagai teori dan metoda rancang, khususnya rancang arsitektur.  Dapat menyampaikan dengan jelas lingkup dan batas

dari masing-masing teori dan metoda rancang

 Proficiency in earious design theories and methods in detail, particularly architecture design.

 Ability to describe the scope and the limit of each design theory and method

.

 Ragam pengertian rancang arsitektur  Ragam teori rancang arsitektur  Ragam metoda rancang arsitektur

 Subyektieitas dan obyektieitas rancang arsitektur

 Dieersity of architecture design definitions.  Dieersity of architecture design theories  Dieersity of architecture design methods

 Subjectieity and objectieity in architectural design

 Heath, Tom (1984): Method in Architecture; John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York,

 Rowe, Peter G (1991): Design Thinking; The MIT Press.

 Unwin, Simon (2001): An Architecture Notebook;  Hill, Jonathan (ed.) (2001): Architecture: The

Subject is Matter;

 Johnson, Paul-Alan (1994): The Theory of

Architecture- Concepts, Themes &Practices; Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1994

RA092354: TEORI ARSITEKTUR

MODERN / KIWARI

RA092354: MODERN /

CONTEMPORARY

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Credits: 2

sks./2 credits]

Semester:

II

Eksplorasi isi, lingkup dan batas dari teori-teori arsitektur modern/ kiwari sebagai analisa wacana yang kritis

Explore the subject matter, scope and limit of modern/ contemporary architectural theories as critical discourse analysis.

KOMPETENS I/

COMPETENC Y

 Mampu menyampaikan kedalaman, keluasan dan keterbatasan teori-teori arsitektur dengan menggunakan argumentasi yang menunjuk pada logika tertentu.

 Demonstrates the depth, width and limitation of architecture theories by means of arguments referring to a certain/ specifc reasoning.

 Kategorisasi Teori Arsitektur  Konteks dan perspektif tinjauan  Tinjauan Kritis Teori - telaah kasus

 Categorisation of Architectural theories  Context and perspective

 Critical review of theories - case study.

 Capon, David S (): Architectural Theory-Vol II: Le

Corbusier’s Legacy; John Wiley & Samsons,;  Ballatyne, Andrew (): Architectural Theory

 Farmer, Ben (): Companions to Contemporary

Architectural Thought: Routledge; London

 Jencks, Charles & Knopf, Alfred (): Theories and

Manifestoes of Contemporary Architecture; Academy Editions;

MATA KULIAH/ COURSE

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TITLE

Credits: 4

_Semester:

sks./4 credits] beraspek seni dan teori flsafat

Assessing/ Analysing architecture by means of specifc version and format of architecture criticisme; ability to become profcient in academic writing involving qualitative dimension, artistic aspects and philosophy theory.

 Mampu membuat kritik arsitektur yang dapat dikenali konteks/perspektif tinjau, lingkup dan batas tajuk bahasannya

 Mampu menggunakan retorika yang tidak bias

 Fluency in writing criticism.  Well-versed in writing criticism.  Well-versed in rhetoric.

 Pengertian Kritik  Ragam Kritik Arsitektur  Konteks dari Kritik Arsitektur

 Telaah kasus Kritik Arsitektur: Penulisan Kritik Arsitektur

 Defniton of Criticism.

 Diversity of Architectural Criticism.  Context of Architectural Criticism.

 Cases in Criticism; production of criticism.

PUSTAKA

 Colquhoun, Alan, Essay in Architectural Criticism, The MIT Press, Cambridge,

 Kwan, RC, Manusia dan Kritik,

 Rassmusen, SE, Experiencing Architecture,

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RA092316: PERANCANGAN

EKSPLORATIF

RA092316: EXPLORATORY DESIGN

Credits:

6 sks./ 6 credits]

Mengeksplorasi beberapa kemungkinan saluran kreatieitas untuk memicu ide awal perancangan yang diharapkan akan menentukan ciri arsitektur yang dihadirkan.

To explore various possibilities of channel of creativity to generate initial design ideas which is expected to characterize some distinct architecture

KOMPETENS

 Mampu menganalisa aspek kreatieitas karya rancang arsitektur berdasarkan pemikiran logis atas fakta dan konteks rancangan

 Ability to describe all channels of creativity, relates them to design process and architecture theories  Ability to analyze aspects of creativity of architectural

design objects based on facts & its context by means of logical thinking

 Pengertian kreatieitas dalam rancangan arsitektur  Ragam saluran kreatieitas : teraga (tangible),

tak-teraga (intangible), tipe arsitektur (architectural types & typology)

 Telaah kasus saluran kreatieitas : teraga (tangible), tak-teraga (intangible), tipe arsitektur (architectural types & typology)

 Creativity in architectural design

 Various channels of creativity : tangible, intangible and type & typology

 Case study of channels of creativity : tangible, intangible and type & typology

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S

Analysis; Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York

 Frank, Karen A., Schneekloth, Lynda H. (1994):

Ordering Space - Types in Architecture and Design; Van Nostrand Reinhold - New York

 Various architect monographs such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, Morphosis, Zaha Hadid

RA092357: ISYU RANCANGAN KIWARI

RA092357: COMTEMPORARY DESIGN

ISSUE

Pendalaman pengetahuan rancang arsitektur sehingga dapat menyentuh komponen teoretikal dan/atau filosofikal sesuatu perancangan arsitektur

Advance inquiry in architectural design through the inclusion of theoritical and/ or philosophycal matter in design

KOMPETENS I/

COMPETENC Y

 Mampu melakukan pengujian/pemeriksaan teoretikal/ filosofikal sesuatu perancangan arsitektur, dan dengan demikian mampu menyebutkan konteks dan sudut tinjau perancangan, kriteria yang gayut bagi pemeriksaan/pengujian, serta pola penalaran yang jernih.

 Ability to perform theoritical/ philosophical assessment of design, ability to identify its context and design viewpoint(s), relevant criteria for assessment, and a clear reasoning.

 Dualitas Rancang: Ilmiah dan Artistik

 Sikap dalam ber-Arsitektur, konsekuensi pada Rancang

 Telaah Kasus Rancangan-Rancangan Kiwari: Aneka Isyu sebagai Konteks.

 Dualism in design: science and art.  Attitudes and Consequences in Design.

 Cases in Contemporary design; Issues as context.

PUSTAKA

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 Farmer, Ben (): Companions to Contemporary

Architectural Thought; Routledge; London

 Rattenbury, Kester (): This is not Architecture; Routledge; London

RA092348: TESIS

RA0923-8: THESIS

Credits:

9 sks./9 credits

Semester:

VIII

Mengembangkan pengetahuan di bidang Teori, Sejarah dan Kritik Arsitektur melalui penelitian mandiri yang disusun dalam bentuk tesis di bawah bimbingan dosen pembimbing.

To develop knowledge of Architecture Theory, History and Criticisme by means of independent research of master thesis under supervision of supervisors

KOMPETENS I/

COMPETENC Y

 Kemampuan mengembangkan dan menetapkan permasalahan/ hipotesa penelitian; melakukan kajian pustaka dan menetapkan landasan/ kerangka teoritik penelitian; melakukan reeiew dan menetapkan metoda penelitian secara kritis dan komprehensif.  Kemampuan mengembangkan pengetahuan bidang

Teroi, Sejarah dan Kritik Arsitektur melalui kajian kritis dan komprehensif terhadap hasil penelitian.  Kemampuan menyusun komponen-komponen tesis

ke dalam bahasa tulis yang memenuhi kaidah penulisan tesis dan bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar, serta kemampuan menyusun publikasi hasil penelitian dalam bentuk karya tulis ilmiah.

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formulate research methodology.

 Ability to develop knowledge of Architecture Theory, History and Criticism by means of critical and comprehensive analysis on research fndings.

 Ability to organize thesis components into academic writing in a proper Indonesian standard, and produce academic articles based on research fndings.

 Pemantapan latar belakang, permasalahan penelitian /hipotesis, tujuan dan manfaat penelitian.

 Kajian pustaka dan penetapan dasar teori.  Metodologi penelitian

 Analisa dan diskusi hasil penelitian, penarikan kesimpulan dan generalisasi hasil penelitian.

 Penyusunan tesis dan publikasi hasil penelitian

 Advanced research background, problem statements / hypothesis, research objective and implication of research fndings.

 Literature review and formulation of theoritical framework.

 Research methodology.

 Analysing and discussing research fndings, formulating conclucion and generalisation.

 Writing up the thesis document and publication of esearch fnding.

 Gunawan, A.W. dkk. (2004), Pedoman Penyajian

Karya Ilmiah, IPB Press, Bogor.

 Eeans, D. and Gruba, P (2002), How to Write a

Better Thesis, (second edition), Melbourne Unieersity Press

 Groat, L. dan Wang, D. (2002), Architectural

Research Methods, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.

 Kumar, R. (1993), Writing a Research Proposal,

Some Guidelines for Beginers, National Key Centre for School Science and Mathematics, Curtin Unieersity of Technology, Perth.

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