Module 1 – Arriving in an Indonesian Town

The Indonesian Way

Module 1 – Arriving in an Indonesian Town

George Quinn & Uli Kozok

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Date of Last Revision: 27 March 2015

The development of “The Indonesian Way” was sponsored by grant P017A090375-10 from the US Department of Education, International Research and Studies Program.

Module 1

Arriving in an Indonesian Town

The main aim of Module 1 is to equip you with the vocabulary, sentence shells and cultural

skills that will enable you to get information and find your way around when you arrive as a

stranger in an unfamiliar Indonesian town.

The Module gives you the vocabulary to talk about buildings and places, food and eating and

transport. You will learn some conventions of smalltalk that will enable you to make contact with

people and get basic information from them. You will learn how to describe the location of places

and some of their characteristics. You will also learn how to make simple statements about likes

and dislikes and how to politely fend o

ff

unwanted invitations.

Getting a Conversation Going

Aims of Lesson 1

•

To learn about some of the basic di

ff

erences between

Indonesian and English.

•

To practice some common greetings and initial smalltalk.

Illustration:

Fulan visits Bedu. Bedu tries to hide a piece of bread (roti) from Fulan but the bread is grabbed by his dog (anjing): 1. “Good morning, Bedu” “Oh, it’s Fulan” 2. “C’mon in, Fulan, take a seat.” “Thanks” 3. “How’s it going, Lan? You’re okay, aren’t you?” 4. “I’m okay, but it seems your bread isn’t.” (Adapted from: IniiiS Dagelan Petruk Gareng VI, Semarang, Loka Tjipta, p.23)

Indonesian is Different

Indonesian belongs to the Austronesian language family. Many

of the basic features of the language are very di

ff

erent to the basic features of English (which

be-longs to the Indo-European language family). Let’s glance at just a few of these di

ff

erences.

As a beginning point look at these English sentences.

This is a big farm. It has five barns.

Imagine how you would say these sentences if you were not allowed to use the word “is” (a

form of the verb “to be”), or the indefinite article “a”, or the pronoun “it”, or the word “has” (a form

of the verb “to have”). Imagine also that “big” must come after “farm”, not before it. Imagine too

that “barn” doesn’t have a plural form, that is, you can’t add “-s” to it.

Indonesian doesn’t have a verb “to be”, it doesn’t have articles (words like “a”, “the”, “some”

and “any”), and it doesn’t really have a pronoun “it”, at least not in the subject position in a

sen-tence. As for adjectives (words like “fat”, fast”, “big” etc.), in Indonesian they come after nouns (as

they do in French), and nouns are the same in the plural as they are in the singular (like the English

noun sheep and nouns in Japanese).

The sounds of Indonesian are di

ff

erent too. Indonesian doesn’t have a /th/ sound, or (for most

speakers) a /f/ sound. On the other hand most Indonesians roll or trill the /r/ sound, and they

pro-nounce /t/ without aspiration (without a little hiss or pu

ff

of breath) so that it sounds a bit like the

English sound /d/. Even the meanings of words in Indonesian are often (in fact

usually) somewhat

di

ff

erent from their counterparts in English. Take the English word “farm” for example. Strange as

it may seem, Indonesian doesn’t have a word that corresponds exactly to the English “farm”.

Even common English words, like for example the verb “to have”, are often very di

ffi

cult to render

aptly in Indonesian. In short, if you want to say the two sentences above in authentic Indonesian

you have to let go of many basic features of English, and this is not easy to do.

It is very important for you to accept that Indonesian is di

ff

erent, and to work as hard as you

can to imitate it accurately, and ultimately to see it as normal. As soon as you can, you must

“for-get” English: its grammar, its pronunciation, the range of meaning of its words. Remember that

what seems (at first) strange to you is perfectly clear, normal and logical to Indonesian speakers.

Already in the very first steps of study you will experience that Indonesian is di

ff

erent. In the

dialogue that follows, you will notice that in Indonesian we don’t ask What is your name? but

WHO is your name? Also, in English we say “your name” (your comes in front of

name), but in the

counterpart Indonesian expression the word order is reversed. You say “name (of) you” (nama

Anda). The Indonesian for “please” is also di

ffi

cult. Indonesian doesn’t have a single exact

equi-valent for our word please but several di

ff

erent words. The word

silakan in the dialogue below is

just one of three or four di

ff

erent “please-words” in Indonesian.

Silakan means something like feel

free to... or sometimes help yourself to... If you want to say “Please open the window” or “Could I

have a kilo of rice, please” you have to choose di

ff

erent please-words to make your request

po-lite. (These are studied later in the book.) And when Indonesians want to thank someone they say

(translated literally) receive a

ff

ection (terima kasih).

Introducing Yourself

Now listen to the following short dialogue (

Sound File 001-01

) for two or three times.

Then read it, and say it out loud several times until the words roll reasonably smoothly o

ff

your tongue. Compare the Indonesian with the English translation, and observe how

In-donesians say things very di

ff

erently from English speakers.

Benny:

Kenalkan, saya Benny. Siapa

nama Anda?

May I introduce myself: I am

Benny. What is your name?

Paulus:

Saya Paulus.

I am Paulus.

Benny:

Silakan masuk, Paulus. Silakan

duduk.

Please come in, Paulus. Please sit

down.

Paulus:

Terima kasih.

Thank you.

Benny:

Silakan minum. Silakan makan.

Please help yourself to a drink.

Please have something to eat.

Paulus:

Terima kasih.

Thank you.

Now cover the left column of the dialogue and practise it without looking at the Indonesian

text.

Exercise 01-01

Kenalkan, saya Budi. Siapa nama Anda?

— ...

…... — Nama saya Sri Utami.

Silakan ...

Silakan ...

Morning, Noon and Night

Another di

ff

erence between Indonesian and English is to be found in the way the two

lan-guages divide up reality into somewhat di

ff

erent categories. Indeed, if we look at the meanings of

English words and Indonesian words, very few words in the core vocabulary of one language

have exactly the same meaning in the other language.

Take, for example, the terms used to refer to times of the day. In English we have morning,

af-ternoon, evening, night and a number of other terms. In Indonesian we have

pagi (from pre-dawn

until around 10 or 11:00),

siang (from around 11:00. to around 14–15:00),

sore (from 15:00 to

nightfall) and malam (from nightfall to dawn).

Preceded by the word selamat, all the above terms can be used in greetings.

Selamat pagi

Good morning (until about 11:00)

Selamat siang

Good afternoon (until about 14:00) or perhaps more accurately Good late

morning and/or afternoon

Selamat sore

Good (late) afternoon/Good (early) evening (until about 18:00)

Selamat malam

Good evening / Good night (until about midnight)

Ucapan / Pronunciation

repres-ented by ‘a’ in adept, by ‘e’ in synthesis, by ‘i’ in decimal, by ‘o’ in harmony, by ‘u’ in medium, and

by ‘y’ in syringe!

Now listen to

selamat pagi, selamat siang, selamat sore, and

selamat malam and notice

that the schwa is pronounced so weak in these words that you can hardly hear it (

Sound

File 001-02

).

Pak & Bu

Here are a couple of examples of this from a primary school textbook showing how children

and adults greet each other.

When you are greeting someone in Indonesia it is polite to acknowledge that person’s status

and use a title. For example, you would greet your own father, or any man who is mature in years

with the title

Pak. Similarly you would greet your own mother, or any woman who is mature in

years, with the title

Bu. If you are greeting someone your own age whom you know very well, or if

you are greeting a child whom you know well, you can just say that person’s name.

Dialogue 1

When two adults who know each other, but not particularly well, meet each other they

might greet each other and exchange a few words as follows. Learn this dialogue (

Sound

File 001-03

) by heart. (Check the vocabulary cards for this lesson if you don’t recognise a

word.)

Selamat pagi, Bu.

Selamat pagi, Pak.

Dialogue 2

When two young adults who know each other well meet each other they might greet

each other and exchange a few words as follows. Learn this dialogue (

Sound File 001-04

)

by heart.

Selamat sore, Iwan.

Selamat sore, Nur.

Apa kabar?

Biasa saja.

Ucapan / Pronunciation

In English there are stressed and unstressed syllables. For example, if

you say the phrase “a car park” it has three beats, the first is weak (un

-stressed) and the second and third are strong (-stressed).

Indonesian also has stressed and unstressed syllables, though the

patterns of stress are somewhat di

ff

erent to those of English. In

Indone-sian there is roughly even stress on each syllable with a slightly stronger

stress on the second-to-last syllable in a word. An important exception to this general rule is

giv-en in Lesson Two.

So apa is pronounced /

Ā

.p

ā

/,

malam is pronounced /

MĀ

.l

ā

m/,

siapa is

pro-nounced /see.

YĀ

.p

ā

/ and so on.

Try pronouncing these words and phrases. Each syllable should be roughly equal in length,

and there should be slightly stronger stress on the second-to-last syllable in each word. Check

your pronunciation by listening to

Sound File 001-05

.

➢

apa

➢

malam

➢

siapa

➢

Anda

➢

silakan

➢

Apa kabar Maman?

➢

Siapa nama Anda?

➢

Medan

Latihan 1 Listening—Menyimak

Listen to

Sound Files 001-06

to fill in th

e blanks with the following words:

Apa kabar—biasa—kabar—saja—sore

1.

Greetings with Acquaintances

A

Selamat ___________, Bu

B

Selamat sore, Pak

A

Apa ___________?

B

Baik-baik ___________.

2.

Greetings with Friends

A

Selamat sore, Iwan.

B

Selamat sore, Nur

A

___________?

B

___________ saja.

Latihan 2 Greetings—Mengucapkan Selamat

Choose which of the following greetings matches the time frame:

Selamat pagi—Selamat siang—Selamat sore—Selamat malam

1. Good evening (from nightfall to after midnight) ...

2. Good (late) afternoon / Good (early) evening ...

3. Good (late) morning / Good afternoon (until about 14:00) ...

4. Good morning ...

Latihan 3 Listening—Menyimak

Listen to

Sound File 001-07

. Write down the word/phrase using correct spelling. No. 6-12

are the names of Indonesian cities. Some of them might be new to you. Item 6 is the capital

of Bali, 7 the capital of Central Java, 8 the capital of Indonesia, 9 the capital of West Java, 10

the capital of East Java, 11 the largest town on the island of Flores, and 12 is a city in

Central Java which is also known as Solo.

1.

________________

2.

________________

3.

________________

4.

________________

5.

________________

6.

________________

Latihan 4—Time of the Day

If you meet someone, what greeting (selamat pagi, selamat siang, selamat sore or selamat

malam) would you use at the times indicated? Choose the appropriate greeting to use at the

time given.

Latihan 5 Matching—Menjodohkan

Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.

Match the items on the left to their Indonesian translation on the right.

1. Silakan duduk.

a. May I introduce myself?

2. Terima kasih.

b. Please sit down.

3. Silakan minum.

c. Please come in.

4. Silakan makan.

d. Please help yourself to a drink.

5. Kenalkan.

e. Thank you.

6. Siapa nama Anda?

f. Please have something to eat.

7. Saya Paulus.

g. What is your name?

Latihan 6 Matching—Menjodohkan

Jodohkan pertanyaan di sebelah kiri dengan jawabannya di sebelah kanan.

Match the question on the left to an appropriate answer on the right.

1. Apa kabar?

a. Terima kasih.

2. Silakan masuk.

b. Nama saya Irwan.

3. Siapa nama Anda?

c. Selamat sore, Bu.

4. Selamat sore, Pak.

d. Baik-baik saja.

Latihan 7 Crossword—Teka Teki Silang (TTS)

Across:

2.

I, me, my

3.

usual, ordinary

5.

who

7.

to enter

8.

from around 11:00 to around

14:00.

10.

from nightfall to after midnight

11.

may I introduce

Down:

1.

name

2.

just, only

4.

to sit

5.

please (go ahead and...)

6.

from pre-dawn until around

11:00

7.

to drink

Where Are You From?

Aims of Lesson 2

•

To practise asking where a person comes from

•

To get to know the Indonesian names for a number of countries

Vocabulary Review

Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in the previous

lesson.

Anda

you, your

pagi

early (in the morning)

biasa

usual, ordinary

siapa

who?

duduk

to sit

kabar

news

apa kabar?

how are you?

kenalkan

allow me to introduce...

nama

a name

Getting a Conversation Going

Watch

002-Video

_{and then study the following transcript of the video clip.}

Iwan:

Selamat pagi, Nur. Apa kabar?

Nur:

Baik-baik saja.

Nur:

Kenalkan, ini Erna dari Medan.

Iwan:

Apa kabar, Erna?

Erna:

Baik. Maaf, siapa nama Anda?

Iwan:

O maaf. Saya Iwan.

Erna:

Anda berasal dari mana, Iwan?

Iwan:

Saya dari Lombok.

Erna:

Dari Lombok? Jauh sekali!

Nur:

Silakan duduk, Iwan.

Dialogue

Do the following exercise without looking at the transcription. Instead we have

provid-ed you with an English translation of the same dialog. Try to repeat the dialog you

heard in the movie. Then listen to Sound File 002-01 to check whether you got it

right. Keep on trying till the entire dialogue comes smoothly o

ff

your tongue.

Iwan:

Good morning, Nur. How are you?

Nur:

Just fine.

Nur:

Let me introduce; this is Erna from Medan.

Iwan:

How are you Erna?

Erna:

Good. Sorry, what was your name?

Iwan:

I’m sorry. I am Iwan.

Erna:

Where are you from, Iwan?

Iwan:

I’m from Lombok.

Erna:

From Lombok? That’s far away!

Nur:

Take a seat, Iwan.

Iwan:

Thank you.

Asking Where Someone Comes From

There are two slightly di

ff

erent ways to ask “Where are you from?” in Indonesian. You can say

Anda berasal dari mana? In relaxed conversation you can drop

berasal and simply say

Anda dari

mana? although in some contexts this phrase can also mean “Where have you just come from?”

When someone tells you where they come from you can respond by saying

O begitu (Is that

so? Really!) followed by the question

Saya kira Anda dari… (I thought you were from…). Or you

can express incredulity or crass surprise by saying

Hah? again followed by the question

Saya kira

Anda dari… (I thought you were from…)

Dialogue

Study this fragment of a conversation (Sound File 002-02). Learn it by heart. Notice the two

slightly di

ff

erent, but equally correct and common ways of asking where someone comes from.

Notice also how you can express surprise or incredulity, and how you can give corrected

informa-tion about where you come from.

A

Anda berasal dari mana?

B

Saya berasal dari Mesir.

A

Hah? Dari Mesir! Saya kira Anda dari Arab Saudi!

B

Tidak. Saya dari Mesir. Anda dari mana?

Names of Countries

Listen to Sound File 002-03 and write down the names of the countries that you hear. Then

translate them into English. Try to guess first what country it is before you look up the name

in a dictionary.

Indonesian Name

English Name

Exercise 02-01

Answer each of the questions “Siapa nama Anda?” and “Anda berasal dari mana?” with a

com-plete sentence. The first of each pair of questions should be answered with a comcom-plete sentence

containing an authentic ethnic personal name, e.g. Ahmed, John, Giovanni, Dimitri, Akiko, Sergio

etc. The second question in each pair should be answered with a complete sentence containing

the Indonesian name of the country the person comes from. Refer to the map for the names of

countries. Cover a variety of countries. Do the exercise orally over and over again until all the

words come smoothly and correctly. Then write five mini dialogues following the example below:

Bambang

Siapa nama Anda?

Henk

Nama saya Henk.

Bambang

Anda berasal dari mana?

Henk

Saya berasal dari Belanda. OR Saya dari Belanda.

Exercise 02-02

In each of these mini-dialogues there are two speakers. You take the role of the second

speak-er. In the second line, say the name of the country where you

think

the first speaker comes from,

then after you have been corrected, give your

own country of origin in the last line. Say the

sen-tences out loud taking care to get the Indonesian pronunciation of country names correct. Study

the example first.

Saya berasal dari Rusia.

Tidak, saya berasal dari Rusia. Anda berasal dari mana?

Saya berasal dari _Singapura_.

1.

Kenalkan, saya Shun. Saya dari Cina.

Hah? Saya kira Anda dari __________!

Tidak, saya dari Cina. Anda berasal dari mana?

Saya dari ____________.

2.

Saya berasal dari Belanda.

O begitu, Saya kira Anda berasal dari __________.

Tidak. Saya berasal dari Belanda. Anda dari mana?

Saya dari ____________.

3.

Nama saya Sarah. Saya dari Australia.

Dari Australia? Saya kira Anda dari __________.

Tidak, saya dari Australia. Dan Anda? Anda berasal dari mana?

Saya dari __________. Jauh dari sini!

4.

Selamat pagi. Nama saya Herman. Saya dari Indonesia.

O begitu. Saya kira Anda dari __________.

Tidak. Saya dari Indonesia. Anda dari mana?

Jauh dari Indonesia. Saya dari __________.

5.

Saya berasal dari Prancis, jauh dari sini.

Dari Prancis? Saya kira Anda berasal dari __________.

Tidak. Saya dari Prancis. Anda berasal dari mana?

Saya? Saya berasal dari __________.

Ucapan: Pronouncing Indonesian Vowels

“phe-nomenon”. When this kind of “e” appears in an Indonesian word, the following syllable is usually

stressed, even when that syllable is the last syllable in a word.

Listen to Sound File 002-04 for some examples:

terima—kenalkan—Jepang—Mesir

Vowels in Indonesian are normally pronounced “pure”, that is they don’t tend towards

diph-thongs as is often the case in English.

Listen to

Sound File 002-05 and then practise saying these words without twisting or

distorting the vowel sounds:

Cina—Prancis—saya—biasa—Yunani—Australia—Indonesia

Peta Dunia (World Map)

Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu

Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the

items on the left to their translation on the right.

1. Anda

a. a name

2. biasa

b. early (in the morning)

3. duduk

c. allow me to introduce...

4. baik

d. who?

5. kenalkan

e. usual, ordinary, normal

6. nama

f. to sit

7. pagi

g.

good, fine

8. siapa

h. you, your

Latihan 2—Percakapan

Dengarkan rekaman dan jawablah pertanyaan berikut.—Listen to

Sound File 002-01

to answer the following questions.

1.

How many people participate in the dialog? Two, four, or three?

2.

Fill in the blanks of missing phrases in the conversation below based on the sound

recording.

Selamat pagi, Nur. Apa kabar?

_______________. Kenalkan, ini Erna dari Medan.

_______________, Erna?

Baik. Maaf. Siapa nama Anda?

O maaf. Nama saya Iwan.

Anda berasal _______________ Iwan?

Saya dari Lombok.

Dari Lombok? _______________ sekali!

Silakan duduk, Iwan

_______________.

3.

What greeting does Iwan say to Nur when he first sees her? Good morning, good

afternoon or good night?

4.

Who introduces Erna? Iwan or Nur?

5.

What is the first question that Erna asks Iwan? “How are you?”, “What is your name?”,

or “Where are you from?”

6.

What is the second question that Erna asks Iwan? “How are you?”, “What is your

name?”, or “Where are you from?”

8.

Is Lombok far from Medan?

9.

Does Nur invite Iwan for a cup of co

ff

ee?

10.

Can you fill in the blanks without listening to the sound file again?

_______________, Nur. Apa kabar?

Baik-baik saja. _______________, ini Erna dari Medan.

Apa kabar, Erna?

Baik. Maaf, _______________ nama Anda?

O maaf. Saya Iwan.

Anda _______________ dari mana, Iwan?

Saya dari Lombok.

Dari Lombok? Wah jauh sekali!

_______________ duduk, Iwan.

Terima kasih.

Latihan 3—Menjodohkan

Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the

items on the left to their translation on the right.

1. Inggris

a. The Philippines

2. Belanda

b. Saudi Arabia

3. Jerman

c. Greece

4. Rusia

d. Egypt

5. Jepang

e. New Zealand

6. Cina

f. China

7. Filipina

g. Singapore

8. Selandia Baru

h. Holland, The Netherlands

9. Singapura

i. Russia

10. Arab Saudi

j. Germany

11. Mesir

k. Japan

12. Yunani

l. Italy

13. Italia

m. The United States of America

14. Prancis

n. England, the United Kingdom

Latihan 4—Menyimak dan Menulis

Listen to

Sound File 002-06

_{and write down the name of the seven countries you}

hear.

1

4

7

2

5

3

6

Latihan 5—Menjodohkan

Jodohkan kalimat di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the

sentences on the left to their translations on the right.

1. Anda berasal dari mana?

a. I thought you were from Germany.

2. Saya berasal dari Mesir.

b. Where do you come from?

3. Saya kira Anda dari Jerman.

c. I am from here.

4. Saya dari sini.

d. No.

5. Tidak.

e. I come from Egypt.

Latihan 6—Pertanyaan dan Jawaban

Imagine you are taking part in a conversation with an Indonesian you have just met. How would

you respond to each of the sentences spoken to you by your new Indonesian acquaintance.

Match the most probable Indonesian response to each statement.

1. Silakan duduk.

a. Selamat pagi.

2. Anda berasal dari mana?

b. Baik-baik saja.

3. Oh, saya kira Anda dari Rusia.

c.

Nama saya Safia.

4. Kenalkan saya Maryam. Siapa nama Anda?

d. Saya berasal dari Mesir.

5. Apa kabar?

e. Tidak. Saya dari Mesir.

Latihan 7—Isian

Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat berikut.—Complete the following sentences.

1.

“Let me introduce, this is Yuyun from Surabaya.”

_________, ini Yuyun _________ Surabaya.

2.

“Where do you come from?”

Anda _________ dari mana?

3.

“I come from Egypt.”

Saya berasal dari _________.

4.

“I’m not from Egypt but I am from here.”

Saya _________ dari Mesir tetapi _________ dari sini.

5.

“I thought you were from Saudi Arabia.”

Saya _________ Anda dari Arab Saudi.

Latihan 8—Teka Teki Silang (TTS)

Across

1.

France

4.

Egypt

6.

Holland, The Netherlands

7.

far away

9.

Greece

11.

may I introduce...

Down

2.

name

3.

early (in the morning)

5.

who

6.

usual, normal

8.

to sit

Talking About Buildings And Places

Aims of Lesson 3

•

To gain familiarity with the terms

for some commonly encountered

buildings and places and to

practise using them in simple

conversations

Vocabulary Review

Here are some of the frequent

words used in this lesson that have

appeared in previous lessons. Make

sure that you remember their

mean-ings.

Anda

you, your

pagi

early (in the morning)

dari mana

from where

siang

2 hrs before & after noon

o begitu

oh, I see

sore

late afternoon, evening

saya kira

I think

malam

evening, night

More Conversation Starters

When two English-speakers who already know each other meet casually, they often make

con-versation by talking about the weather. Indonesians don’t usually do this (although they do

some-times). Very often Indonesians who know each other will greet each other by asking “Where are

you going?” or “Where are you coming from?” This question is not seen as nosey or impolite. You

can answer it truthfully and in detail if you want to, but it is not usually impolite to give a vague,

even evasive, answer. Look at these useful phrases:

Mau ke mana?

Where are you going? (Literally: “Want to where?”)

Dari mana?

Where are you coming from? Where have you just

been? (Literally: “From where?”)

Depending on the question, your answer should begin either with ke (to) or dari (from).

Pabrik Kina © Katong

Exercise 03-01

Referring where necessary to this lesson’s word list, label each of these pictures with its

ap-propriate Indonesian name. Choose from the following words:

rumah—gedung—toko—sekolah—

mesjid—gereja—pasar—pabrik—rumah sakit—kantor

Dialogue: Putting Places into a Conversation

Study the following dialogue (

Sound File 003-01

_{) and try to learn it by heart.}

Bu Puji

Selamat pagi, Bu Nia. Apa kabar?

Bu Nia

O, Bu Puji. Baik-baik saja, Bu.

Bu Puji

Mau ke mana, Bu?

Bu Nia

Ke sekolah. Anda dari mana, Bu Puji?

Bu Nia

Dari rumah? Saya kira Anda dari kantor.

Bu Puji

Tidak. Dari rumah saja.

Bu Nia

O begitu. Mau ke mana?

Bu Puji

Ke pabrik, Bu.

Bu Nia

O begitu. Mari, Bu.

Bu Puji

Mari. Selamat pagi

Bu Nia

Selamat pagi.

Cara Indonesia

_{: You and}

Bu

Notice that in the above dialogue some sentences have no word for “you” (Anda):

Mau ke mana, Bu?

Where are (you) heading for, Ma'am?

Ellipsis of subject frequently occurs, especially in colloquial Indonesian. A subject can be

omit-ted if it is clear from context, such as "you" in the above example.

Notice also how

Bu

is used.

Bu,

an abbreviated form of

ibu,

can be a title, often equivalent to

the English “Mrs”, although

Bu

can apply to unmarried women as well, especially if they are past

their mid-twenties in age. It can even apply to younger unmarried women if they are regarded as

having high status (like a school teacher, for example). When

Bu

is used as a title, it is usually

fol-lowed by the name of the person concerned (as is the case with the English “Mrs”).

Eh, Bu Adam.

Mau ke mana?

= “Well, Mrs Adam! Where are you going?”

Bu

can also be a formal or semi-formal term of address when you are talking to any older or

mature woman. In this case it means something like the (now rarely heard) English “ma’am” or

“madam”.

Selamat pagi, Bu. Dari mana?

= “Good morning, ma’am. Where have you just been?”

Pak,

short for

bapak,

is also used like

Bu

as a title and term of address. As a title it is roughly

equivalent to the English “Mr” followed the person’s name, and as a term of address is rather

formal, roughly corresponding to the English “sir” (though it is not quite as formal as “sir”).

Selamat malam, Pak. Mau ke mana?

= “Good evening, sir. Where are you o

ff

to?”

Students in Indonesia usually address each other using the informal second person pronoun

kamu

but only when they speak to someone who is either of same age or younger. if they address

someone from a higher level, they use terms of address such as

mbak

(for elder female) or

mas

(for elder male). This is the convention followed in Java. On other islands di

ff

erent terms of

ad-dresses are used.

Exercise 03-02

1.

Mau ke mana?

2.

Selamat sore, Jenny. Mau ke mana?

3.

Selamat malam, Pak Tukan. Dari mana?

4.

Selamat siang, Nur. Mau ke mana?

5.

Dari mana, Pak Hendrik?

6.

Hai, Marten. Mau ke mana?

7.

Selamat pagi, Bu Aminah. Mau ke mana?

8.

Apa kabar, Pak Yohannes. Dari mana?

9.

Eh, Pak Pattinasarani. Mau ke mana, Pak?

10.

Selamat malam, Bu. Dari mana?

Ucapan: Pronouncing the Indonesian /r/

In Indonesia, most people (but by no means all people) trill or roll the

consonant /r/. Some English-speaking learners find this hard to do, but if

you can succeed in doing it your Indonesian will sound much more

au-thentic. If you find the trilled /r/ diffi

cult to produce, try exaggerating it

first, making a loud purring noise whenever you meet an /r/ sound. After a

while, when you have mastered the trill and it has become a habit, you

can cut back on the exaggeration.

You may also want to consider getting some help on rolling your /r/. One useful site is

http://www.wikihow.com/Roll-Your-%22R%22s.

First listen to Sound File 003-02, then try saying these words with a good, strong rolled /r/.

➢

With /r/ in an initial position

➢

With /r/ in a medial position

rumah

terima

Rusia

gereja

restoran

Selandia Baru

➢

With /r/ in a final position

➢

With /r/ in a consonant cluster

Mesir

Inggris

pasar

Jerman

Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu

Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the

items on the left to their translations on the right.

Anda

from late morning to mid afternoon

dari mana

late afternoon

malam

I think that.., I thought

O begitu

Is that so? I see. Really.

pagi

you, your

saya kira

early (in the morning)

siang

night, evening

sore

where from

Latihan 2—Menyimak: Pemahaman

Jawablah pertanyaan berikut sesuai dengan rekaman.—Listen to

Sound File 003-01

_to

answer the following comprehension questions.

1.

How does Bu Puji greet Bu Nia?

A. Good morning

B. Good afternoon

C. Good night

2.

How does Bu Puji ask Bu Nia where she is going?

A. Apa kabar?

B. Mau ke mana, Bu?

C. Anda dari mana, Bu Puji?

D. Dari rumah?

3.

Where is Bu Nia going?

A. School

B. O

ffi

ce

C. Factory

D. Sports centre

4.

Where is Bu Puji coming from?

A. School

B. Home

C. O

ffi

ce

D. Factory

5.

Where did Bu Nia think that Bu Puji was coming from?

A. School

B. O

ffi

ce

C. Home

6.

Where is Bu Puji going?

A. School

B. O

ffi

ce

C. Factory

D. Home

7.

How does Bu Nia say goodbye to Bu Puji?

A. O begitu.

B. Mau ke mana?

C. Mari, Bu.

Latihan 3—Isian: Menyimak Percakapan

Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat sesuai dengan rekaman.—Listen to

Sound File 003-01

and fill in the blanks.

Bu Puji

Selamat __________, Bu Nia. Apa kabar?

Bu Nia

O, Bu Puji. Baik-baik __________, Bu

Bu Puji

Mau __________ mana, Bu?

Bu Nia

Ke sekolah. __________ dari mana, Bu Puji?

Bu Puji

Dari __________ saja, Bu.

Bu Nia

Dari rumah? Saya kira Anda dari __________.

Bu Puji

Tidak. Dari rumah saja.

Bu Nia

O __________. Mau ke mana?

Bu Puji

Ke __________, Bu.

Bu Nia

O begitu. __________, Bu.

Bu Puji

Mari

Latihan 4—Rangkai Kata

Urutkan kata-kata berikut.—Reorder the Indonesian words below to say:

1.

“I thought you were coming from the o

ffi

ce.”

Saya—Anda—kira—dari—kantor.

2.

“I thought you were sitting at the restaurant.”

Saya—di—kira—Anda—duduk—restoran.

3.

“I would like to go to school.”

Saya—ke—mau—sekolah.

4.

“Good morning, where would you like to go?”

Selamat—ke—mau—pagi,—mana?

Latihan 5—Kosa Kata

Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the

items on the left to their translations on the right.

1. rumah

a. o

ffi

ce

2. gedung

b. mosque

3. toko

c. restaurant

4. sekolah

d. a building

5. mesjid

e. market

6. gereja

f. school

7. pasar

g. a house, someone

ʼ

s home

8. pabrik

h. a shop

9. restoran

i. church

10. kantor

j. factory

Latihan 6—Teka Teki Silang (TTS)

Across

1

late afternoon

3

factory

6

church

7

market

11 building

12 night

13 a shop

14 house, home

Down:

1

late morning to mid afternoon

2

restaurant

4

you, your

5

mosque

8

school

Asking Simple Questions

Aims

•

To practise asking and

answering questions

that have a simple “yes”

or “no” answer.

•

To take the first steps in

expressing personal

preferences.

•

To learn the names of

some common foods

and drinks

Foto: Warung makan di Sungai Martapura, Kalimantan Selatan. ©Tjetjep Rustandi

Vocabulary Review

Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous

les-sons. Make sure that you remember their meanings.

duduk

to sit

minum

to drink

gereja

church

pasar

market

kantor

o

ffi

ce

rumah

house

makan

to eat

saya

I, me

mau

want

toko

shop

“Real” Verbs and “Helper” Verbs

Like English, Indonesian has a number of “helper” verbs. These are verb-like words that very

often go together with another “real” verb. Some very commonly used helper-verbs in Indonesian

are

akan

(will),

suka

(like),

mau

(want) and

bisa

(can). A less common, but formal equivalent of

bisa

is

dapat

(can).

Example:

You hear:

“Saya akan tinggal di rumah.” (I will stay at

home) == “makan”

You repeat:

“Saya akan makan di rumah.” (I will eat at

home)

Preferably you should do this drill orally using

Sound File 004-01. But you can also do the

substitu-tion drill without the sound file:

The changed word is given in the list on the right.

Place a card over the sentences and cue words.

Move the card down and expose the first sentence.

Say the sentence out loud, confidently and smoothly.

Now look at the cue word on the right. Don't move

the card down yet. In your mind, insert the cue word

into the sentence you have just read, substituting it

for one of the words in the sentence so that you

pro-duce a new, slightly changed, but still correct

sen-tence. Move the card down exposing the next line,

and check that you got your new sentence right. Now

make another new sentence using the new cue word

that has come into view on the right. Proceed in this way until you have completed the whole

se-quence of sentences. Repeat the sese-quence as many times as necessary until you can produce all

the sentences correctly first time, pronouncing them smoothly, and understanding instantly what

each one means.

Saya akan tinggal di rumah.

Saya akan makan di rumah.

Saya akan makan di restoran.

Saya suka makan di restoran.

Saya suka makan di rumah makan.

Saya mau makan di rumah makan.

Saya mau minum di rumah makan.

Saya mau duduk di rumah makan.

Saya suka duduk di rumah makan.

Saya akan duduk di rumah makan.

Saya akan duduk di pasar.

Saya akan minum di pasar.

Saya akan minum di rumah.

Saya dapat minum di rumah.

Saya dapat minum di kantor.

Saya dapat makan di kantor.

Saya mau makan di kantor.

Saya bisa makan di kantor.

Saya bisa tinggal di kantor.

Saya bisa tinggal di pabrik.

Saya mau tinggal di pabrik.

Saya mau tinggal di rumah.

Saya suka tinggal di rumah.

Saya suka makan di rumah.

Saya suka makan di sekolah.

Saya suka makan di toko.

Saya suka makan di pasar.

Saya suka minum di pasar

tinggal

pabrik

mau

rumah

suka

makan

sekolah

toko

pasar

minum

Cara Indonesia

_{: Warung, Rumah Makan, Restoran & Resto}

Indonesians love to dine out and there is hardly any street where there is not a food outlet. The

simplest eateries are called

warung

. These are either stationary or they are erected in the late

af-ternoon. A meal in such a food stall usually costs the equivalent of 1-2 Euro. The most common

term for restaurant is

rumah makan

and refers to stationary restaurants with chairs rather than

wooden benches. The term

rumah makan

can refer to a cheap restaurant not much di

ff

erent from

a

warung

but can also refer to high-class restaurants. The Dutch loanword

restoran

is sometimes

reserved for better restaurants.

You will also see restaurants that are called

resto

. These are trendy restaurants with menus

en-tirely in English. They tend to be expensive, and often serve foreign food. Examples are

Samarra:

Satay and Wine Resto

and

Naniura Sushi Bar & Resto

in Jakarta or

Bawean Resto

in Bandung.

Exercise 04-01

Exercise 04-02

Air—teh—pisang—nasi—ikan—daging—

susu—kopi—telur

Utter the words of the nine items above.

Each item gives you the name of a

com-mon food or drink. Insert this word after the

verb

makan

or

minum

in a sentence like the

sentences practised in the substitution

ex-ercise above. For example, if the cue word

i s

ikan

you might write something like:

Saya suka makan ikan di pasar.

Write one

sentence for each item.

Asking “Yes or No?”

If you want to ask a question in Indonesian that demands an “either/or” answer – usually YES

or NO – you begin the question with the word

apakah

.

Apakah

can often be regarded as more or

less equivalent to the English “Do you...?” or “Are you...?” or “Isn’t it that...?”. For example, in

English we can ask “Do you like to drink co

ff

ee?” The answer to this is either “Yes” or “No” (which

is why we call this kind of question a “yes/no question”). The equivalent question in Indonesian

begins with

apakah

. Study these examples.

Apakah Anda suka minum kopi?

If the answer to this question is “no” you use

tidak:

Saya tidak suka minum kopi.

Yati

Apakah Anda suka makan daging?

Do you like meat?

Irman

Tidak. Saya tidak suka makan daging. Saya suka makan ikan.

No. I don’t like meat. I like fish.

Yati

Apakah Anda suka makan mi?

Do you like noodles?

Irman

Tidak. Saya tidak suka makan mi. Saya suka makan nasi.

No. I don’t like noodles. I like rice.

Yati

Apakah Anda suka minum bir di Rumah Makan Pak Kumis?

Do you like drinking beer at Pak Kumis’ Restaurant?

Nanti Dulu... Gua Kepingin Ngomong!

(Hang on a sec! I wanna have my say!)

Like all living languages Indonesian has formal and informal (or slangy) usage. It is

important to get to know both ways of talking. You should work hard to get a good

command of formal Indonesian (which is what is mostly used in

The Indonesian Way

)

because formal Indonesian is very “portable”. It is used right across the country,

whereas informal or slangy usage tends to be more specific to certain places. A

good command of formal Indonesian also enables you to converse in various social situations

without o

ff

ending anyone by using slangy language that might be seen as impertinent or sloppy.

On the other hand, a good command of informal usage gives you “street cred”.

It enables you to interact with people in a more intimate, relaxed, friendly way – especially with

young people. And being relaxed and friendly is important in Indonesia.

Informal usage takes a variety of forms. Indonesian has many pairs of words that mean roughly

the same thing, but one of the pair is used in formal situations and the other in informal situations.

For example, the formal pronoun

Anda

(you) becomes

kamu

in informal or intimate conversation.

In some cases formal words are shortened. For example,

saja

(just) becomes

aja,

and

bukan

(no,

not) can become

kan

in some contexts. In other instances words are shortened by dropping a

prefix or suffi

x. For example,

berjalan

(to walk) becomes simply

jalan

, and

apakah

(marker of a

“yes/no” question) becomes

apa

. Elsewhere, informal or slangy words are borrowed from salty

local dialects or from regional languages. For example, the formal Indonesian word

tidak

(no, not)

has the informal variants

nggak

(from Surabaya Javanese),

ndak

(from the Minangkabau language

of West Sumatra) or

kagak

(from Jakarta Malay).

Dapat

(can, able to) is mainly used in formal

writ-ten Indonesian and is almost always replaced by the more informal

bisa

borrowed from Javanese,

and

mau

or

ingin

(to want something) can be replaced by the slangy

kepingin

– also commonly

spelled

kepengen

and

kepengin

– (from Javanese). Even borrowings from foreign languages can

be informal or slangy compared with their standard Indonesian-language counterparts. For

ex-ample the formal word

wisatawan

(a tourist) competes with an informal equivalent

turis

, and the

English pronoun

you

is a commonly heard slangy substitute for the formal pronoun

Anda

.

As you work through the lessons in

The Indonesian Way

, from time to time you will be invited to

explore informal or slangy usage. These sections will be marked with this icon

J representing

in-formal conversation or chit-chat. Make a start on the next page.

In a Streetside Eatery

Study this simple conversation in formal Indonesian. Your body language should match the

formality of the conversation you are studying. Sit formally upright with a serious look on your

face and practice saying the conversation on the left until you have memorised it.

Formal / Serious

Apakah Anda mau minum teh?

Tidak. Terima kasih. Saya tidak suka

minum teh. Saya mau minum kopi manis

saja.

Kopi manis? Saya tidak bisa minum

kopi manis.

O begitu. Apakah Anda bisa makan tahu?

Loll back in your chair. Maybe lift your feet from the floor and sit cross-legged on the chair. Re

-lax and smile. Study the following conversation until you can say it perfectly in a friendly, re-laxed

way.

Informal / Relaxed

Apa kamu mau minum teh?

Nggak. Makasih. Aku nggak suka

minum teh. Aku kepingin minum kopi

manis aja.

Kopi manis? Aku nggak bisa

minum kopi manis.

O gitu. Apa kamu bisa makan tahu?

Bisa!

Hah? Aku kira kamu nggak suka makan

tahu.

Exercise 04-03

Following the model above, write an informal equivalent of the formal dialogue given in the left

hand column.

Formal / Serious

Informal / Relaxed

A Apakah Anda mau makan nasi?

B Tidak. Terima kasih. Saya mau minum kopi saja.

A Apakah Anda tidak bisa makan nasi?

Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu

Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the

items on the left to their translations on the right.

duduk

a shop

gereja

market

kantor

I, me, my

makan

to drink

mau

house, home

minum

o

ffi

ce

pasar

to eat

rumah

to sit

saya

to want

toko

church

Latihan 2—Formal & Informal Speech

Listen to the formal and informal versions of the same conversation (Sound File 004-02 and

004-03). The transcript of the formal version has been provided:

Bejo:

Apakah Anda mau minum teh?

Widya:

Tidak. Terima kasih. Saya tidak suka minum teh. Saya mau minum kopi manis saja.

Bejo:

Kopi manis? Saya tidak bisa minum kopi manis.

Widya:

O begitu. Apakah Anda bisa makan tahu?

Bejo:

Bisa.

Widya:

Oh? Saya kira Anda tidak suka makan tahu!

Now, listen to the informal version again and write the informal variation of the word for each

formal word.

Answer Here

1. What is the informal word for

Anda

?

2. What is the informal word for

tidak

?

3. What is the informal variation for

terima kasih

?

4. What is the informal variation of

saya

?

Latihan 3—Isian

Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat.—Fill in the gaps by choosing the

appropriate word.

Formal / Serious

Apakah Anda mau __________

teh?

Tidak. Terima kasih. Saya tidak

__________ minum teh. Saya mau

minum kopi manis saja.

Kopi manis? __________ tidak

bisa minum kopi manis.

O begitu. Apakah __________ bisa

makan tahu?

Bisa!

Oh? Saya kira Anda tidak suka

__________ tahu!

Informal / Relaxed

Apa __________ mau minum

teh?

Nggak. __________. Aku nggak suka

minum teh. Aku __________ minum

kopi manis __________.

Kopi manis? Aku nggak

__________ minum kopi manis.

O __________. Apa kamu bisa makan

tahu?

Bisa!

Hah? Aku __________ kamu

__________ suka makan tahu.

Latihan 4—Rangkai Kata

Urutkan kata-kata berikut menjadi kalimat yang baik sesuai dengan arti di bawah ini.—

Reorder the Indonesian words below to say:

1.

“Do you like to eat meat?”

Apakah—makan—Anda—suka—daging?

2.

“I don

ʼ

t like to eat meat.”

Saya—suka—makan—tidak—daging.

3.

“Do you like drinking beer at Pak Kumis

ʼ

Restaurant?”

Apakah—suka—Makan—bir—di—Anda—minum—Rumah—Pak Kumis?

4.

“Do you like eating fish and tofu?”

Latihan 5—Menjodohkan (Matching)

Jodohkan kalimat di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the

sentences on the left to their translations on the right.

1. Apakah Anda mau makan di restoran?

a. Are you able to eat tofu?

2. Apakah Anda bisa makan tahu?

b. Do you want to eat at the restaurant?

3. Apakah Anda akan tinggal di rumah?

c. Are you going to sit in the o

ffi

ce?

4. Apakah Anda mau minum di pasar?

d. Are you going to stay at home?

5. Apakah Anda suka minum teh?

e. Can you eat eggs?

6. Apakah Anda bisa makan telur?

f. Do you like sitting in the church?

7. Apakah Anda akan duduk di kantor?

g. Do you like to drink tea?

8. Apakah Anda mau makan ayam ?

h. Do you want to eat chicken?

9. Apakah Anda suka duduk di gereja?

i. Do you want to live in Sydney?

10. Apakah Anda mau tinggal di Sydney?

j. Would you like to drink at the market?

Latihan 6—Makan or Minum

Each item below gives you the name of a common food or drink. Choose whether it is a

makanan

(food)

or a minuman

(drink)

item.

Food or drink item

Makanan/minuman

?

Food or drink item

Makanan/minuman

?

teh

minuman

_ikan

roti

daging

air

susu

pisang

kopi

Latihan 7—Menjodohkan

Jodohkan gambar dengan teks.—Match picture to text.

air

ikan

pisang

telur

nasi

daging

teh

susu

roti

kopi

Latihan 8—Menyimak

Latihan 9—Teka Teki Silang (TTS)

Across:

2: banana

4: to sit

6: church

7: market

8: to want

10: an egg

11: to eat, to have a meal

13: will, going to

14: an o

ffi

ce

15: house, someone

ʼ

s home

Down:

1: to live, to stay, reside

3: school

Review & More

Apakah

Questions

Aims

•

To review the grammar covered in the first four

lessons and learn how to use the common

connector words dan, atau, juga and tetapi.

•

To practise some variations on apakah

questions.

•

To learn new terms for common foods, drinks and

places.

Vocabulary Review

Here are some of the frequent words used in this les

-son that have appeared in previous les-sons. Make sure

that you remember their meanings.

akan

will

nasi

cooked rice

apakah

question marker

pisang

banana

ayam

chicken

Prancis

France

gedung

building

rumah sakit

hospital

ikan

fish

suka

like, enjoy

ke mana

where to?

telur

egg

mau

want

tinggal

reside, stay

Rambu di Jalan Raya Bahasa (Traffic Signs on Language Highway)

In the first four lessons of

The Indonesian Way

you practised sentences

that display several fundamental rules of Indonesian grammar. Let’s sum

up the most important of these rules.

✔

Indonesian has no verb “to be”

The basic sentence in Indonesian is often said to consist of a “topic”

(the thing or person that is the beginning point for what you want to say)

and the “comment” (the information or opinion you give about the topic). The comment may have

a verb in it (like

makan, duduk, tinggal

etc.), but it may also be just a name, or a place, or a char

-acteristic etc. In the latter case, the topic and comment simply stand side by side in the sentence.

05

It is quite common for the comment to come first, followed by the topic. But usually the topic

comes first, as it does in these sentences.

Ini Erna

This is Erna.

Saya Paulus.

I am Paulus.

Anda dari Arab Saudi?

You are from Saudi Arabia?

Notice that in the English translation of these sentences we must use the verb “to be” (

is, am,

are

). In Indonesian there is no counterpart to the English verb “to be” in these kinds of sentences,

so it is important for English-speaking learners to resist the temptation to fill what they may feel is

a “gap” by inserting a word that represents “to be”.

✔

Word order can be very di

ff

erent from that of English

Often the order of components in an Indonesian sentence is the same as the order of compon

-ents in an English sentence. Compare these two sentences.

Saya tinggal di Jakarta

I live in Jakarta

As we have already seen, prepositions (words like

to, on, with, by, for

etc.) come before a noun

in Indonesian as they do in English.

ke gereja

to church

dari sekolah

from school

di pasar

at the market

In questions, a question-word (like

what, where, who

etc.) may appear at the beginning of a

sentence or clause as it usually does in English.

Siapa nama Anda?

What is your name?

Apa kabar?

How are you?

(literally: What news?)

Apa kamu suka pisang?

Do you like bananas?

But it is very important not to get lulled into a false sense of security here. Very often word or

-der in Indonesian is di

ff

erent – radically di

ff

erent – from that of English. For example a ques

-tion-word may appear at the

end

of a sentence or clause in Indonesian. You have already seen a

couple of examples of this.

Mau ke mana?

Where are you going?

Anda berasal dari mana?

Where do you come from?

Noun phrases may also have a word order di

ff

erent from that of English noun phrases. A noun

phrase is an “expansion” of a noun. For example, the noun “house” can be expanded to pro

-duced noun phrases like “my house”, “a big house”, “my very big house” etc. In these kinds of

phrases the word “house” is called the headword, and the other components of the phrase are

the adjunct. As you can see, in English the adjunct comes before the headword. But in Indonesian

the opposite may be the case – the headword may come first and the adjunct follow. This applies

in noun phrases that express possession. Compare these phrases.

When you are talking about possession in Indonesian it is very important to get word order cor

-rect. If you want to say, for example, “your factory” and you transfer English word order into In

-donesian, you will produce the incorrect phrase *

Anda pabrik

, literally “you are a factory”!

Asking Someone to Express a Preference

Apakah

(informally

apa

) comes at the beginning of questions asking someone indicate a prefer

-ence by choosing between two or more possibilities. “Do you like this or that?” “Do you want this

or that?” The Indonesian word for “or” in this context is

atau

. Study these questions and answers.

Repeat them out loud over and over until they roll easily o

ff

the tongue.

Apakah Anda suka makan nasi atau kentang?

Do you like eating rice or potatoes?

Saya suka makan kentang.

I like eating potatoes.

Apakah Anda mau tinggal di Yogya atau di Solo?

Do you want to live in Yogya or Solo?

Saya mau tinggal di Solo.

I want to live in Solo.

Apakah Anda akan pergi ke warung atau mal?

Are you going to go to the eatery or the mall?

Saya akan pergi ke warung.

I'm going to go to the eatery.

☺

Apa kamu suka kopi atau teh?

Do you like co

ff

ee or tea?

☺

Aku suka teh.

I like tea.

Apakah Anda suka Jepang, Cina atau Filipina?

Do you like Japan, China or the Philippines?

Saya suka Jepang.

I like Japan

☺

Apa kamu mau ke rumah sakit atau ke hotel?

Do you want to go to the hospital or the hotel?

☺

Aku mau ke rumah sakit.

I want to go to the hospital.

By using a few connector words your answers to these questions can be very varied. You have

already met the connector word

dan

(and) and

atau

(or). Add to these

tetapi

(but), informally

☺

tapi

, and

juga

(also). With these resources and the words for places, foods and drinks that you

have learned to this point, you can give very elaborate answers to

apakah

questions that ask

about preferences. Here is an example.

Apakah Anda suka minum teh di pasar?

idak. Saya tidak suka minum teh di pasar, tetapi saya suka minum teh di restoran atau

di warung. Saya juga suka minum kopi, tetapi saya tidak suka minum kopi di

Starbuc-ks. Saya suka minum kopi di warung. Saya juga suka makan di mal. Saya suka makan ayam

goreng dan nasi di restoran California Fried Chicken, tetapi saya tidak suka makan kentang

goreng di sana. Apakah Anda suka makan kentang goreng di California Fried Chicken?

T

Actually, the model answer above could go on and on almost ad infinitum. Let’s review the

vocabulary that you could use to give an even longer-winded answer to the question.

First foods:

ayam

telur

roti

daging

tahu

kentang

ikan

durian

coklat