Normal Axis 3
Local axis 3 is always normal to the plane of the shell element. This axis is
directed towards you when the path
j1-j2-j3
appears counter-clockwise. For
quadrilateral elements, the element plane is defined by the vectors that
connect the mid-points of the two pairs of opposite sides.
Default Orientation
The default orientation of the local 1 and 2 axes is determined by the
relationship between the local 3 axis and the global Z axis:
The local 3-2 plane is taken to be vertical, i.e., parallel to the Z axis
The local 2 axis is taken to have an upward (+Z) sense unless the element
is horizontal, in which case the local 2 axis is taken along the global +Y
direction
The local 1 axis is horizontal, i.e., it lies in the X-Y plane
The element is considered to be horizontal if the sine of the angle between the
local 3 axis and the Z axis is less than 10
-3.
The local 2 axis makes the same angle with the vertical axis as the local 3 axis
makes with the horizontal plane. This means that the local 2 axis points
vertically upward for vertical elements.
Element Coordinate Angle
The shell element coordinate angle, ang, is used to define element orientations
that are different from the default orientation. It is the angle through which the
LAMPIRAN II
FORMING STIFFNESS AT ZERO (UNSTRESSED) INITIAL CONDITIONS
TOTAL NUMBER OF EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS = 3168 NUMBER OF NON-ZERO STIFFNESS TERMS = 61146
NUMBER OF EIGENVALUES BELOW SHIFT = 0
L I N E A R S T A T I C C A S E S
USING STIFFNESS AT ZERO (UNSTRESSED) INITIAL CONDITIONS
TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES TO SOLVE = 1 NUMBER OF CASES TO SOLVE PER BLOCK = 1
LINEAR STATIC CASES TO BE SOLVED:
LAMPIRAN III
FORMING STIFFNESS AT ZERO (UNSTRESSED) INITIAL CONDITIONS
TOTAL NUMBER OF EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS = 3168 NUMBER OF NON-ZERO STIFFNESS TERMS = 70254
NUMBER OF EIGENVALUES BELOW SHIFT = 0
L I N E A R S T A T I C C A S E S
