Noun Phrases and Their Translation Shifts in A Movie Entitled Sherlock Holmes 2: A Game Of Shadows By Guy Ritchie

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Noun Phrases and Their Translation Shifts in A Movie Entitled

“Sherlock Holmes 2: A Game Of Shadows”

By Guy Ritchie

Putu Irvan Dipawangsa1*, I Nyoman Sedeng.2, I Wayan Suardhana3

[123]

English Department, Faculty of Arts, Udayana University 1 [[email protected]] 2[[email protected]] 3 [[email protected]] * Corresponding Author Abstrak

Penelitian ini berjudul “Noun Phrases and Their Translation Shifts in a Movie Entitled “Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows” By Guy Ritchie. Penelitian ini memformulasikan dua jenis masalah yaitu jenis pergeseran yang ditemukan dalam terjemahan dari Frasa Kata Benda Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia, dan kesetaraan makna diantara keduanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis pergeseran yang terjadi dalam terjemahan dan menemukan kesetaraan makna dari Frasa Kata Benda Bahasa Inggris ke Frase Kata Benda Indonesia sendiri.

Sumber data penelitian ini diambil dari film oleh Guy Ritchie berjudul “Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows” dan terjemahan subtitle Indonesianya oleh Lebah Ganteng. Data dikumpulkan dan diklasifikasikan ke dalam dua kategori dengan menggunakan metode studi pustaka, dokumentasi dan teknik pencatatan. Data kemudian dianalisis melalui metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori yang dikemukakan oleh Catford dalam buku yang berjudul “A Linguistic Theory of Translation”.

Hasil penelitian ini didasarkan pada dua masalah yang dirumuskan dalam penelitian ini, di mana yang pertama, ditemukan bahwa jenis pergeseran seperti pergeseran struktur, pergeseran kelas, pergeseran unit, dan pergeseran intra-sistem terjadi di produk terjemahan. Yang kedua yang merupakan kesetaraan makna yaitu korespondensi formal dan kesetaraan tekstual juga ditemukan dalam penelitian. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan dalam hal pembentukan struktur kata antara bahasa sumber dan bahasa sasaran, yang menyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran terjemahan dan kesetaraan makna. Berdasarkan pertimbangan ini, penerjemah menerjemahkan makna dari bahasa sumber ke dalam bahasa sasaran dengan menggunakan konsep kesetaraan terdekat, sehingga makna itu sendiri tetap ada setelah proses terjemahan.

Kata Kunci: frasa kata benda, terjemahan, kesetaraan, pergeseran

1. Background of Study

Considering English has become an International Language, the need of mastery in terms of using the language has become considerably significant. This is due to the

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350 fact that otherwise, one might not be able to fulfill what it takes to survive in such a globalization era, by which therefore, the role of translation is now getting important for the sake of mutual understanding between the multi-language users.

Translation plays the greatest role in terms of communications involving more than one country and language. People are now obliged to be able to communicate in English as the international language – a fact just about all people in the world today realize for the reason that modern sciences and technologies are written in English.

Shift is one of the translation techniques, and is very common with its characteristics. According to Catford (1978:3), it is delivered that there is no exact equivalence from the source language (SL) into the target language (TL), by which therefore, shift in translation is unavoidable.

2.Problems of Study

The problems of this study were formulated to be as follows:

1. What types of shift are identified in the translation of English noun phrases into

Indonesian in the “Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows” movie’s subtitle?

2. What translation equivalence are found in the translation of English noun

phrases into Indonesian in the “Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows” movie’s

subtitle?

3.Aims of the Study

Based on the formulation of problems above, this study was conducted to investigate the materials in order to meet the following purposes:

1. To identify and describe the types of shift occurring in the translation of noun

phrases in the “Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows” movie’s subtitle.

2. To find out and describe the translation equivalence of noun phrase from the

source language to the target language.

4.

Research Method

Research method is an important and fundamental procedure to obtain

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351 into three parts; they were data source, method and technique of collecting data, method and technique of analyzing data, and method and technique of presenting data analysis.

5. Finding And Discussion

This analysis presents the types of category shift and translation equivalence

5.1 Data 1

Table of Data

SLT TLT

Bad people do bad things because

they can. (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 210)

Penjahat melakukan hal buruk karena mereka

ada kesempatan. (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 210)

Table of Analysis of Phrase Structure Shift

SLT TLT

NP NP

Modifier Head Head Modifier

Adjective N N Adjective

Bad Things Hal Buruk

The structure of English NP is Modifier + Head; while on the contrary, the

structure of Indonesian NP is Head + Modifier. The English NP (SL) “Bad things”

appears to be “Hal buruk” after being translated into the TL, not “Buruk Hal”, which is

due to the fact that English as the SL and Indonesia as the TL have different system from each other.

5.2 Data 2

Table of Data

SLT TLT

I'll have Caruthers put some fuel into

that motor carriage of yours. (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 410)

Akan kusuruh seseorang untuk mengisi

bahan bakar ke kereta mesinmu. (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 410)

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Table of Analysis of Class Shift from Adjective to Noun:

SLT TLT

NP NP

Modifier Head Head Modifier

Adjective N N N

Some fuel Bahan bakar

From the table above, it is revealed that the NP (SL) “Some Fuel” is translated

into NP “Bahan Bakar” (TL), in which the head of NP in SL “fuel” is translated into

“bahan” in the TL, while on the other hand, the adjective from the SL “some”

functioning as the modifier is translated into a noun “bakar” in the TL which functions

similarly to that of the SL. From the explanation above, this is the type of class shift since the noun phrase of the SL which is (Adj. (Modifier) +N (Head) is translated into N (head) + N (Modifier) in the TL, in which the adjective is shifted into a noun.

5.3 Data 3

Table of Data

SLT TLT

It’s about her brother I tell you. When

we find him and we must … After you find my luggage.

(SHAGOS, 2011, line: 613)

Ini berkaitan dengan kakaknya. Ketika

ketika menemukannya, kita harus… Setelah kau temukan koperku dulu. (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 613)

Table of Analysis of Unit Shift of a Higher to a Lower Rank

SLT TLT

NP NP

Modifier Head Head

Adjective N N

Her Brother Kakaknya

As shown by the table above, the English NP “her brother” (SL) is translated

into a word “Kakaknya” in Indonesian NP (TL), in which the phrase from the SL is

shifted into a word in the TL, indicating the appearance of unit shift (From a phrase to a noun).

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5.4 Data 5

Table of Data

SLT TLT

A curious parcel, who is the intended recipient? (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 16)

Bingkisan yang mencurigakan, siapa

penerimanya? (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 16)

Table of Analysis of Intra-System Shift in Terms of Determiner

SLT TLT

NP NP

Modifier Modifier Head Head Conj. Modifier

Determiner Adj N N Conj. Adjective

A Curious Parcel Bingkisan Yang Mencurigakan

From the table above, the English NP “A curious parcel” which contains a

determiner „a‟ indicating an indefinite object is translated into “Bingkisan yang

mencurigakan” in Indonesian NP with no translated determiner. In this case, there is a shift in terms of internal system from the SL to the TL due to the different linguistic system, in which in English, countable nouns should be followed by articles (a, an, the), while in Indonesian Language, putting articles is unnecessary.

5.5 Data 6

Table of Data

SLT TLT

You lost a few pounds.

Berat badanmu menurun beberapa kg.

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Table of Analysis of Formal Correspondence

NP of SLT NP of TLT

Quantifier Quantifier Head Quantifier Head

Adverb Adverb N Numeralia N

A Few Pounds Beberapa Kg

Observing the table above, it is shown that the English NP “A few pounds”, is

translated into Indonesian noun phrase “Beberapa kg”, in which the quantifiers “A

few” in the SL is transferred into an exact equivalence in Indonesian numeralia

“Beberapa”. In addition, the English NP contains a plural marker indicated by the

appearance of suffix –s attaching on the word “pound”, which is re-expressed in

Indonesian numeralia“beberapa”, indicating plurality in the TL. Based on the analysis

above, it can be said that the translation fits the requirement of having to be relevant to the TL (Catford: 1965).

5.6 Data 7

Table of Data

SLT TLT

You didn't tell me about a Colonel

...Sebastian Moran. Thebest

marksmanship in British Army. (SHAGOS, 2011, line: 816)

Kau tak menyebut nama Kolonel Sebastian

Moran. Si mata elang tertajam dari

Pasukan Inggris.

Table of Analysis of Textual Equivalence:

SLT TLT

NP NP

Modifier Modifier Head Head Modifier Modifier

Determiner Adjective N N N Adj.

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The English NP “The best marksmanship” in the table above, is translated into

Indonesian NP “Mata elang tertajam” as the TL, in which there are two different terms

being used in both language but are considered having the same idea despite being

literally unrelated. According to Oxford dictionary, the word “marksmanship” refers to

a skill in shooting from a particular distance using any kinds of projectile, e.g. rifle,

bow, handgun, which is equivalent to the idea of “Mata elang tertajam” as a figure of

animal possessing high level of targeting its prey from afar according to Indonesian idiom. Therefore, considering the two terms have equality and relevance in the meaning and feature of essence (Catford: 1965), this translation is considered equivalent despite the different form.

6. Conclusion

Based on the discussion, there were 4 types of shift identified in the data source, namely structure shift, class shift, unit shift, and intra-system shift which appeared in the form of phrases.

In addition, there were two types of translation equivalence found in the data source, namely formal correspondence and textual equivalence which were also in the form of phrases.

7. Bibliography

Alwi, Hasan, et al. 2003. Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta:

Balai Pustaka.

Cadford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation.London: Oxford

University Press.

Khorshidhi,Navid. 2008. The Application of Catford‟s Shift on the Persian

Translation of Oliver Twist by YusofGharib. Volume 37.

Nida, E.A.1975. Languange Structure and Translation: Essays-. Stanford

University Press.