This component will address issues concerning the lack of institutional capacity to ensure good forest and land-use governance. This Component aims for improving the regulatory and institutional frameworks in forestry and other land-based sectors, as well as strengthening the instrument for enforcing such policies. Specific gaps in governance that will be addressed by the Project include those related to: consistent approaches and tools (including spatially explicit information) for peatland, forest, and fire management; coordinated enforcement and implementation of sustainable land use approaches; transparent monitoring of changes and social issues related to land use; and stakeholder capacity to engage and manage their natural resources sustainably, including through alternative livelihoods to ensure their continued development. Furthermore, this component will support national and provincial governments, communities, and other stakeholders to effectively achieve the objectives of the Project. This component will be implemented through technical assistance and capacity building activities.
2.1.1 Sub-component 1.1: Institutional Strengthening
This Sub-component aims to strengthen coordination and decision making across sectors (forestry, plantation and mining) to address primary drivers of emissions from land use in Jambi. Under the jurisdictional ERP, this Sub-component will support the preparation of policies to support green growth development (i.e., Green Growth Plan: GGP) in line with Jambi TUNTAS vision. Specifically, institutional strengthening will target forestry, plantation and mining sectors. These sectors are often associated with drivers of deforestation from land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF), and from forest/land fire. Furthermore, institutional strengthening will also include translation of policies into technical guidelines to allow field-level implementation. Vertical coordination between provincial and district governments will also be strengthened in the context of law enforcement and conflict resolution. Synchronization of these policies and regulations will involve stakeholder consultation to gather input on institutional management. Additionally, policy synchronization with Peat Restoration Agency (Badan Restorasi Gambut – BRG) is needed to ensure institutional strengthening for managing peatland beyond forest designations
Institutional strengthening will also encourage clear definition of institutional mechanism to allow collaboration among government, private sector, and civil societies. Collaborations will also be established between Forest Management Unit (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan – KPH) and the surrounding communities to promote sustainable forest management. Sustainable forest management will include stakeholders‟ involvement in reporting and monitoring of policy implementation (will be part of the proposed FGRM). Effective FGRM will support this component to continuously improve policies and its implementation through relevant institutions.
2.1.2 Sub-component 1.2: Enabling Environment for ER Program
Support improvements to the enabling environment for an ER Program represents the key aspect in bridging International REDD+ standards for implementation at local scale under jurisdictional approach. REDD+ readiness includes preparation of comprehensive system to measure GHG emissions. Valid methods for such measurements may require transfer of knowledge and skills from experienced professionals to the local experts/institutions. The following activities will create conditions and a framework to enable development of results-based ERP:
a. GHG emissions accounting for Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU);
b. Monitoring and reporting of land and forest resources changes, including a functioning MRV system;
c. Development of a Benefit Sharing Plan (BSP);
d. Development of a Feedback and Grievance Redress Mechanism (FGRM); and e. Support for implementation of environmental and social safeguards.
Capacity building to implement REDD+ plays important role to support forest protection and monitoring, as it will be the responsibility of relevant management unit such as the FMU. Proper measurement of GHG emission will involve inventory and estimation of forest biomass in peat and mineral ecosystems. This will also involve sample selection in peat and mineral ecosystem to monitor the carbon stock. REDD+ readiness requires that institutions in Jambi Province are capable of
finalizing and legalizing the FREL (Forest-Reference Emission Level)4. Upon finalization, the system will continue to be used in the process of monitoring land and forest resources, reporting changes and verifying of emissions reductions (MRV). Valid carbon accounting will be the basis for benefit sharing mechanism as the part of incentive scheme in implementing the ERP.
REDD+ readiness also requires that the safeguard framework and instruments are prepared for Jambi context. A comprehensive and robust safeguard system will need to be developed by provincial institutions with supports from consultants, NGOs, communities and private sector. Implementation of the safeguard frameworks being prepared with support from J-SLMP needs to be assess during ERP readiness phase, where relevant aspects of legal frameworks, capacity building, and access to finance are considered to ensure effective implementation and monitoring of safeguard measures Risks of reversals and displacement will need to be considered in readiness phase. Communication and coordination mechanisms among stakeholders are required to address these risks. Strategies for mitigating the risks of reversals and displacements need to be documented as parts of the requirements from ISFL and World Bank. Additionally, FGRM will also contribute to addressing the risks by providing means for identifying potential grievances and conflicts that may lead to reversals and displacement.
2.1.3 Sub-component 1.3: Policy and Regulation
This component will support the consolidation and strengthening of policies and regulations for sustainable land use, including at national and provincial levels. Particular focus has been given to policies and regulations for green growth, private sector development, fire, and peatland management in order to effectively address drivers of emissions, improve livelihood opportunities for land users, and ensure the long-term sustainability of approaches in Jambi. Specific activities include support for provincial regulations (Perdas) for fire and peatland management, a permanent moratorium on peatland conversion, and improvement of land-based licenses and modifications to Ecosystem Restoration Concessions (ERCs) to increase private sector investment
Approach in this sub-component is designed to assist sub-national government in reviewing policies and regulations to ensure effective implementation of future ERP in Jambi. Such policies will include establishment of a fiscal incentive system to channel funds to sub-national level and communities.
Stakeholder consultation processes have identified that timber plantation and peat land fires contribute to the deforestation from LULUCF and peatland sources respectively. Evaluation on moratorium for new timber plantation licenses will be done to define the contribution of this policy towards protection of the remaining forest. Evaluation will also be done to identify socio-political implications of this moratorium.
Evaluation of policy and regulation will also be done to identify the status of peatland management practices. It is expected that the provincial regulations support the peatland rewetting, revegetating and revitalization strategies of peatland restoration agency (BRG). Additionally, this sub-component will assist provincial government evaluate the possibilities to support national level policy such as peatland moratorium.
Evaluation of policy and regulation will also be conducted in the context for supporting multi- stakeholder collaboration on sustainable forest management system. Additional context will include
4 Also includes the decision if peat decomposition will be a significant emission factor.
evaluation of policies and regulations to ensure institutional capacity to support biodiversity protection as non-carbon benefits and enhancing private sector participation in generating ER benefits.