When caring for a child with any of the lower airway diseases described previously, the practitioner must take special care to monitor respiratory status but also must carefully weigh the need for antimicrobial therapy. As has been pointed out many times in this chapter, viral organisms are responsible for a majority of lower airway diseases in children and should be considered first when initiating treatment plans.
Much morbidity and mortality is arising as a result of the developing antibiotic resistance in the pediatric community. An example of the dangers of antibiotic resistance is the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA was once a concern only for people in the hospital but now is causing infections in healthy people in the community. It is apparent from the above-mentioned discussion and data that in many cases, antibiotic therapy is not warranted and should be avoided to help limit the development of resistant organisms and more severe disease.
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